I have obtained information in this area: techniques for answering reading questions in the high school entrance examination

1. Techniques for answering narrative reading questions

1. Article genre? This article is an article: poetry, novel, prose (lyrical prose, narrative prose), script, expository essay, argumentative essay

2. Six elements of narrative? (Time, place, person, cause, process, result of the event)

3. Looking for the topic sentence? (Looking for the argumentative and lyrical sentence in the first or last paragraph.)

4. Article content? (Method: Look at the title, characters (things), and events to synthesize and summarize.)

Answer: This article narrates (describes, explains)..., expresses (praises, reveals) )…….

5． Material organization characteristics?

Select typical events tightly around the center, with appropriate tailoring and appropriate details.

6. Divide into layers?

(1) Divide by time (find phrases that express time)

(2) Divide by location (find phrases that indicate location)

(3) According to the development process of things (find each event)

(4) Total score (tick off the beginning and remove the tail)

7. Narrative clues and functions?

Clues: (1) Core characters (2) Core things (3) Core events (4) Time (5) Place (6) Author’s emotions

Function: Throughout the text The context organically connects the characters and events in the article, making the article clear and organized.

8. Come up with a title for the article.

Find the clue or center of the article

(1) Core character (2) Core thing (3) Core event (6) Author's emotion

9. Fill out the reading card.

Search the original text according to each requirement, and then fill it out. Pay attention to the title, author, publisher, etc. of the original text (sometimes in parentheses).

10． Narrative order and function?

(1) Sequential narration (in the order of the development of things)

Function: The narrative has a beginning and an end, is clear in structure, and makes the reading clear and impressive.

(2) Flashback (write the results first, and then explain what happened before.)

Function: Create suspense, attract readers, avoid the monotony of the narrative, and enhance the vividness of the article .

(3) Narrative (interrupt the clues during the narrative and insert another related thing.)

Function: supplement and set off the plot, enrich the image, and highlight the center.

(4) Plain description (omitted)

11. Language features?

Choose from the following sentences based on the context and rhetorical methods:

Vivid image, fresh and beautiful, concise and concise, accurate and rigorous, incisive and profound, easy to understand, harmonious phonology, and rhythm powerful.

Note: Analysis must be combined with specific statements.

12． Writing techniques and functions?

(1) Personification technique

Endow things with human personalities, thoughts, feelings and actions to personify them, thereby achieving a vivid effect.

(2) Metaphorical techniques

Describe things and explain principles vividly, concisely and concisely.

(3) Exaggeration

Highlight the characteristics of people or things, reveal the essence, and give readers a clear and strong impression.

(4) Symbolic techniques

Place specific meaning on the things described, express the emotion of..., and enhance the expressiveness of the article.

(5) Comparative technique

Through comparison, highlight the characteristics of things and better express the theme of the article.

(6) foil (side foil) technique

Use secondary people or things to set off the main people or things, highlighting the main people or things' characteristics, personality, thoughts, Emotions etc.

(7) Satire techniques

Use metaphors, exaggeration and other means and methods to expose, criticize and ridicule people or things, strengthen the profundity and criticality, and make the language pungent and humorous.

(8) If you want to praise, suppress first

First belittle and then vigorously praise the object being described. The context forms a contrast, highlighting the object being written, and receiving unexpected and touching effects.

(9) Echoing before and after (echoing from beginning to end)

Make the plot complete, the structure rigorous, and the center prominent.

13. Rhetorical methods and functions

(1) Metaphor: vividly, concisely and concisely describe things and explain principles.

(2) Personification: Endowing things with human character, thoughts, feelings and actions to personify them, thereby achieving a vivid effect.

(3) Exaggeration: highlighting features, revealing the essence, and giving readers a clear and strong impression.

(4) Parallelism: clear organization, distinctive rhythm, enhanced momentum, and good at lyricism.

(5) Duality: Neat form, harmonious phonology, setting off and complementing each other.

(6) Repetition: Emphasis on a certain meaning, strong lyricism, and contagious.

(7) Ask questions: Ask and answer yourself, attract attention and inspire thinking.

(8) Rhetorical question: Have a clear attitude, strengthen the tone, and be strongly lyrical.

Note: Must be analyzed in conjunction with relevant statements.

14. What are the meanings and functions of specific words?

Method: Connect the original meaning of the word, explain its meaning in the text, and find out the specific content it refers to.

Answer: The word "××" originally refers to..., here it refers to..., and plays the role of...

15. Sentence meaning?

Grasp the keyword, analyze its characteristics and meaning, and explain it in context.

16. What is the structural role of sentences?

(1) Continuation of the above

(2) Opening up the following (leads to the following)

(3) Connecting the previous to the following (transition)

(4) To pave the way for the following chapters

17. Expression?

Narration, discussion, lyricism, description, explanation

18. What is the role of argument in narrative writing?

Cause readers to think, point out the meaning of characters or events, highlight the center, sublimate the theme, and play the finishing touch.

19. What is the role of lyricism in narrative writing?

Express the author’s sincere and deep emotions, arouse readers’ emotional response, and make the article highly contagious.

20. Types and functions of description?

Category:

(1) Portrait description (2) Appearance description (3) Expression description (4) Action description

(5) Language (dialogue) Description (7) Psychological description (8) Scenery description

(9) Scene description (10) Environment description (11) Detailed description

Function: Shaping character, promoting plot development, Reveal the topic of the article.

21. Characteristics of prose?

The form is scattered but the spirit is not scattered.

22. Type of prose?

(1) Narrative prose (2) Lyrical prose

23. Type of novel?

Novel, novella, short story, novel

24. Three elements of a novel?

Characters, environment, plot

25. Types and functions of environment?

(1) Natural environment

Explain the time and place where the story takes place and the space where the characters move, and set off the mood of the characters.

(2) Social environment

Explain the social background and characteristics of the times in which the event occurred, set off the character, promote plot development, and

reveal the theme of the article.

26． What parts does the plot consist of?

(Prologue) Beginning, development, climax, ending (Epilogue)

27. Continuing the end of the novel.

Continue writing according to the development rules of the novel's storyline, and it must be concise, implicit, philosophical, and thought-provoking.

2. Argumentative essay reading skills

One argument (what to prove)

The argument should be a clear judgment and a complete expression of the author’s opinion. In form is a complete sentence. Arguments are generally expressed in the form of judgment sentences.

1. 1 central argument (commanding sub-arguments)

⑴Clear:

n sub-arguments (supplementing and proving the central argument)]

⑵ Method

① Find from the position: Ⅰ title; Ⅱ beginning; Ⅲ middle; Ⅳ end.

② Analyze the arguments of the article. (Can be used to test whether the expected argument is appropriate)

③Excerpt method (only sub-arguments, but no central argument)

2. Analyze how the argument is presented

< p> ① Present the facts and reason and then conclude the points;

② Get straight to the point and put forward the central argument;

③ Put forward the topic based on the phenomena existing in life, and summarize the central point through analysis and discussion Argument;

④ After narrating an experience of the author, summarize the central argument;

⑤ The author raises questions from the story, then analyzes the inference step by step, and finally draws a conclusion and proposes the central argument argument.

2. Arguments (what to prove)

⑴ Types of arguments: ① Factual arguments (summarize after giving examples, summarize the arguments and stick to the arguments); ② Logical arguments (quote famous quotes) analyze).

⑵The arguments must be true, reliable, and typical (discipline, country, ancient and modern, etc.).

⑶ Sequence arrangement (corresponding to the argument);

⑷ Judge whether the argument can prove the argument;

⑸ Supplementary arguments (must be able to prove the argument).

Three arguments (how to prove)

⑴ Argument method

① Demonstration with examples (exemplification method) Factual argument description

② Logical argument (Citation method and reasoning) Argument with logical arguments

③ Comparative argument (which itself can also be an example argument and logical argument)

④ Metaphorical method

⑵ Analyze the argumentation process

① How the argument is put forward;

② How the argument is proved (what principles and facts are used, and whether there are positive and negative analytical reasoning);

③Contact the structure of the full text and whether there is a summary.

⑶ Completeness of the argument (Answer: Make the argument more comprehensive and complete to avoid misunderstandings)

⑷ Analyze the role of the argument: prove the argument of this paragraph.

The structure of an argumentative essay

⑴General form: ①Introduction (raising a question); ②Thesis (analyzing the problem); ③Conclusion (solving the problem).

⑵ Type

① Parallel formula: Ⅰ total score, Ⅱ total score, Ⅲ total score.

②Progressive.

Five language of argumentative essays

⑴ Rigorous (use of modifying and restrictive language);

⑵ Vivid (idioms, various rhetorical techniques) Application);

⑶ Word order (judging from the logic of life and context);

⑷ Sentence order (the use of related words, pay special attention to the progressive relationship).

Reading of Six Refuting Papers

⑴ What is the wrong view that the author wants to refute?

⑵ How did the author criticize, and what principles and arguments did he use;

⑶ From this, what is the correct view established by the author?

Guide to reading expository texts for the high school entrance examination

1. Master the stylistic knowledge of expository texts:

(1) Grasp the object of explanation and distinguish whether the object of explanation is a thing or a matter.

Clearly describe the characteristics of the thing being explained: a sign that distinguishes one thing from other things.

(2) In order to explain the characteristics of things or explain things, it is necessary to use appropriate methods

Master several common explanation methods and be able to analyze their role in the text:

< p> 1. Classification: Make the content of the description clear and avoid duplication.

2. Define: Give readers a clear understanding of the concept.

3. Comparison: Compare something well known to people with the thing to be explained, so as to highlight the characteristics of the thing being explained.

4. Giving examples: can enable readers to gain a concrete understanding of the characteristics of the object of explanation.

5． Metaphor: can achieve the function of explaining things vividly.

6. Column numbers: Can describe things accurately.

7. With diagrams: Make readers understand the things being explained clearly and intuitively.

8. Citing information: It can make the content of the explanation more specific and substantial.

(3) Explanations must be in order: Common explanation orders include: time order (program order is a type of time order), spatial order, and logical order. The order of the expository text can be based on one order and other orders can be used depending on the purpose and object of the explanation.

(4) When reading expository texts, you should also pay attention to the structure.

Common forms of the structure of expository essays include: "total (overview) - points (specific)", "total - points - total", "points - total", and parallel formula, progressive formula, etc.

(5) The accuracy of expository language is a prerequisite for expository language.

Accuracy is not inconsistent with diversity and flexibility. Some are good at being plain, and some are good at being lively. Due to the different objects of explanation and the language styles of the authors, the languages ??of explanation are also diverse. It can be general, specific, concise, rich, concise, or detailed; it can be plain and simple, or it can be humorous. In short, it is eclectic

Tips for answering questions in the high school entrance examination

1. Comparison of words (choose words to fill in the blanks)

1. Compare word meanings, especially words with similar meanings. We must carefully identify the differences between the two words in terms of degree, scope of application, and emotional color.

2. After selecting, you should read the relevant sentences several times and experience them repeatedly.

2. Statement function and meaning analysis questions

1. The correlative word "although...but..." is used in the sentence. This group of correlative words changes the relationship; the correlative word "not only" is used in the sentence. ...and..." and so on, this type of related vocabulary lists progressive relationships, both of which are intended to emphasize the latter.

2. The function of an inverted sentence: it is often to emphasize the front part (that is, to move it to the front). For example: "It's very true, it is not beneficial to you" is to emphasize the part of "it is not beneficial to you". The degree is "extremely high". Another example is the sentence "It's not that good, I think" to clearly emphasize that the author's evaluation of the scenic spot "Leifeng Sunset" is "it's not that good".

3. Evaluate and appreciate a sentence: You should start from two aspects, first evaluate the writing characteristics and language characteristics, such as what rhetorical techniques and expression techniques are used, whether the language is vivid or beautiful, symmetrical or accurate and rigorous ...Re-evaluate the ideological connotation, that is, clarify what point of view this sentence expresses, what feelings, enlightenment, and education it gives you...

4. To analyze the meaning of a sentence, you can also start by analyzing the keywords and focus on understanding. The meaning of keywords in a specific context.

5. When analyzing a sentence in an expository paragraph, you must closely focus on the explanatory content, the characteristics of the object of explanation, and the characteristics of the expository language (accurate and vivid).

6. When analyzing a sentence in a narrative paragraph, you must closely focus on the specific atmosphere rendered by the article, the feelings expressed, the characteristics of the character, etc.

7. When analyzing a sentence in an argumentative essay, one sentence should be closely linked to the argument (either the central argument of the full text, or the sub-argument of the paragraph) and the characteristics of the argumentative language.

8. Key sentences mainly include five aspects: ① Sentences that point out the topic; ② Sentences that describe, discuss, and express emotions; ③ Sentences that summarize the full text; ④ Sentences that connect and link together (such as sentences that echo each other and Transitional sentences that serve as a link between the previous and the following); ⑤ Sentences using various rhetorical techniques (such as metaphors, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, parallelism, repetition, irony, questions, and rhetorical questions, especially quoted sentences). Understanding key sentences mainly refers to being able to appreciate the thoughts and feelings expressed by the sentences. Such as the author's emotions, anger, sorrow, attitude of praise and criticism, and ideological tendencies revealed between the lines. At the same time, you must understand the function, role, and characteristics of sentences in the text.

Indicate the writing method used in the statement: be sure to pay attention to stylistic features and accuracy in the use of nouns.

3. Question types, common answering terms and techniques (1) The main function of describing the social environment:

1. Explain the historical background of the work.

2. When answering, you must combine the local background at that time and point out what kind of social reality the relevant sentences describing the environment in the passage reveal.

(2) The main functions of natural environment description (scenery description) sentences:

1. Show regional scenery, remind time, season and environmental characteristics; 2. Promote plot development; 3 , exaggerate the atmosphere; 4. highlight the character's image (or character's mood, feelings); 5. highlight and deepen the theme.

(3) Analysis of the role of sentences in the structure of the article:

1. Corresponding to the above text (or full text): echoing the above text, echoing from beginning to end, summarizing the above text (or full text) ;

2. For the following: to cause the following, to lay the foundation for the following; 3. For the context: to connect the previous and the following (transition).

(4) Answer the question in your own words:

1. This kind of question is often restricted and cannot be answered directly with sentences in the original text. From another level, that is It implies that there are relevant sentences in your original text, so you should first find out the relevant sentences in the original text;

2. What you need to consider now is how to turn the sentences in the original text into your own words. You can use the following methods:

①The method of summarizing the main idea is suitable for long sentences related to the original text;

②The method of translating sentences is suitable for paragraphs of classical Chinese;

③Explanation of key points Lexical method, suitable for sentences with rare words in the original sentence;

④ Transformed sentence method, suitable for sentences in which the original text uses questions, hypothetical questions, and rhetorical questions whose semantic meaning is not completely clear, and the question requires clearly express the situation.

(5) The judgment of the protagonist in the paragraph:

Principle: It must be based on the theme of this article. For example: "Kong Yiji" - "Kong Yiji".

The "I" in prose (including essays, communications, and general narratives) is equal to the author himself; while the "I" in novels is not equal to the author himself, but is created by the author through fiction based on his life. character image.

(6) Talk about your own opinions or experiences based on the feelings of reading the passage:

1. Use the first person;

2. Use the form of 1+2 or 1+3 , first summarize your views or experiences in one sentence, and then use two or three sentences to talk about the reasons. You can present facts or make sense. If the topic has relevant requirements, you should also pay attention to combining your own personal experience.

(7) Complement the psychological activities according to the context:

1. The first person must be used;

2. The specific context must be carefully studied.

(8) Supplement examples based on the points raised in the short article:

1. Examples of famous people can be cited to be more convincing and to show one’s knowledge, but they must be Write accurate characters and events, and avoid being pretentious.

2. You can also cite ordinary people’s examples, and you can make them up, but you must be careful to have a sense of reality and avoid being too exaggerated. People will know that they are fabricated at a glance.

3. Format: Character + Example + Short Evaluation

(9) Summary of the examples in the paragraph:

1. It must contain two elements: Character + things;

2. Other elements such as time (season, year), place, and environment should also be included if they have specific meanings.

(10) Divide paragraphs and levels, and summarize the meaning of paragraphs and layers:

Pay attention to clarifying the clues of the article, and use the transitional paragraphs, sentences and words in the article to Statements that express changes in time and changes in location should also be noted in the order in which characters appear.

(11) Refining the center and theme: Pay attention to the main content of this article, the author's purpose of writing this article, and the thoughts and feelings contained in the article. Pay attention to some commonly used words, such as to summarize the main content, generally use: This article describes..., describes..., introduces..., through..., etc., such as to summarize the purpose of writing and thoughts and feelings, usually use: express... , express..., praise..., sing..., reveal..., flog..., satire..., explain..., reveal..., reflect... etc.

(12) Determine the explanatory center (explanatory content) of the passage:

Answer method:

1. Explanatory text on physical objects: explain the object + the characteristics of the object

2. Principle explanatory text: about the principles (reasons, methods, principles, etc.) of...

3. Procedure explanatory text: the operation, experiment or production of... Process

This sentence uses the explanation method of... to explain... (explanation content) vividly, concretely and intuitively, in a simple and easy-to-understand way (scientifically and accurately), so that readers...

(13) Understanding and analyzing the functions of words in expository texts:

There are two main types of questions:

A. The word "××" is good where?

★How to answer the question: Use the word "××" to vividly (accurately) explain...the...characteristics of...things and be able to arouse the reader's interest (in line with the actual situation and scientific).

B. Can the word "××" be deleted?

★How to answer the question:

①No, the word "××" is used to vividly illustrate..., which can stimulate the reader's interest. If you remove it, there will be no such effect.

② No, if you delete the word "××", the meaning of the sentence becomes..., which seems too absolute; using the word "××" accurately explains..., which is realistic The situation, leaving room for change, is scientific.

(14) Judgment of the objects referred to by pronouns in passages (various styles):

1. Commonly tested pronouns include: this, that, these, those, Other, above, so, this...;

2. Generally, search forward;

3. After finding it, put the found content in the sentence where the pronoun is located and read it. Read it to see if it fits.

(15) Subjective questions and their answers in the explanatory text:

It is important to express the sense of innovation and scientific spirit.

Main question types:

1. Rewrite the content of the text concisely and accurately. For example: defining things according to prompts, processing words and diagrams, converting diagrams into texts, briefly summarizing examples, etc.

2. Make reasonable additions to the content of the text. For example: add a title, complete sentences based on the context, and provide additional explanations of the object of the article as required.

3. Give practical examples. (It must meet the requirements of the explanatory center of the paragraph)

4. Put forward reasonable suggestions and assumptions about the phenomenon explained in the article. (It must be scientific and avoid making up nonsense)

5. Comment on the expression characteristics of the language. (Consider it in combination with the order of explanation, method of explanation, and language features of the expository text)

(16) Identify or refine the central argument and sub-argument:

1. The form and position of the argument. It should be a clear judgment, a complete statement of the author's opinion, and should be a relatively complete sentence in form. Position: ① Title, ② Beginning, ③ End of article, ④ During the discussion (pay attention to the transitional sentences connecting the previous and the next), ⑤ The expression is not focused and needs to be summarized.

2. When there are no ready-made sentences expressing arguments in the text, although it is difficult, there are methods to follow: on the basis of accurately understanding the full text content, you need to extract the core of the article, and based on the topic and Argument, refer to the problem the author wants to solve, accurately judge and refine the author's point of view, and then summarize it in your own words.

3. It should be noted that some articles have more than one sentence expressing the meaning of the central argument. They need to be compared to find the most concise and clear sentence.

(17) Analyze the relationship between arguments and arguments:

Answer method: The argument of this article (paragraph) is..., and the... listed here are (facts or principles) Arguments are to prove this argument from the (negative or positive) side,...

(18) Identify the argument method and analyze its role:

1. To answer this type of question, first It is necessary to clarify the concepts of several common argumentation methods, understand the differences between them, and then analyze the specific content in conjunction with the context.

2. Answering method: This paragraph (sentence) uses... argumentation method, demonstrates... (argument), and appears... (benefits).

(19) Imitate the sentence structure expressing the argument (sub-argument) in the original text and put forward one of your own opinions:

1. To answer this type of question, you must first have an overall understanding of the article. content, and then obtain unique experiences based on the enlightenment of reading the article, and finally express it in prescribed sentence patterns and form an argument (sub-argument).

2. This kind of question not only tests the association ability, but also the language expression ability, and also tests the ability to grasp the relationship between the sub-argument and the central argument.

(20) Answers to open reading questions:

This type of questions is actually to test students’ ability to understand the content of the selected text or important sentences. Students are required to organically combine reading and life, reading and writing, reading and learning methods, and reading and innovation. There are mainly the following aspects:

1. Required to talk about opinions, feelings and inspirations based on the selected text materials;

2. Explain the understanding of the selected text content based on the actual situation;

3. Comment on the characters in the article;

4. Judge the pros and cons based on life and study experience, and talk about your own unique insights into the selected materials;

5 , Put forward rational suggestions and assumptions about the phenomenon explained in the article in conjunction with actual practice;

6. Mobilize the accumulation of knowledge, examine the extension of the selected text materials from the inside to the outside and the connection between the outside and the inside of the textbook (such as understanding the topics involved in the selected text) The works of important writers, literary models, famous sentences in the works, etc.);

7. Make use of associations and imagination to supplement relevant content;

8. Comment on the artistic techniques or beautiful points in the article Appreciate.

The secret to deciphering Chinese reading

This secret is divided into five parts and fifty-nine formulas. The language is concise and the operation is simple. If you study before the exam, you can achieve quick results. 2. The function of the beginning of the article:

1. To arouse the following and pave the way for the following (narrative)

2. To introduce the topic at the beginning and put forward the center (central argument)

2. Point out the topic at the end of the article and put forward the central or central argument

3. Summarize the above, propose suggestions and make a call

4. One sentence or paragraph Function:

1. The structural functions are: to summarize the whole text, to lead to the following, to lay the foundation, to foreshadow, to connect the previous and the next (transition), to refer back and forth, to echo the beginning and the end, to summarize the full text, to highlight topics, and to promote plot development.

2. The role of sentences in expressing expressions: exaggerating the atmosphere, highlighting the character's image (or character's emotions), highlighting the center (revealing the main idea), and highlighting the theme (deepening the center).

① Act as a factual argument to prove the previous (last) sentence, and then prove the central argument; ② Act as a logical argument to prove the previous (last) sentence, and then prove the central argument; ③ Explain the previous (last) sentence ) in one sentence (explaining the characteristics of things)

5. Common writing methods and expression techniques:: association, imagination, symbol, comparison, contrast, foil, foil, contrast, desire first to suppress, first suppress and then Yang, using small things to see big things, expressing ambitions through things, borrowing things to express principles, embodying ideas in things, borrowing things to describe people, describing things to express emotions, borrowing scenes to express emotions, blending scenes, borrowing things to express emotions, borrowing ancient times to describe the present, using allusions, expressing emotions directly, moving and stillness Combination, combination of virtual and real, frontal description, side description, etc.