Environment refers to the situation of things around. Things around are relative to a central thing. The environment mentioned in this book, that is, geographical environment, is a people-centered environment, including natural environment and social environment. The natural environment is composed of sunlight, atmosphere, water, rocks, minerals, soil, biology and other natural elements. Social environment is an artificial environment created by human beings through long-term conscious social labor on the basis of natural environment. For example, people transform wasteland into Cheng Liangtian, gentle hills into terraces, natural grasslands into artificial pastures, and tidal flats into aquaculture farms; Or choose a place that meets your own requirements and create villages, cities, industrial and mining areas, convalescent areas, scenic spots and so on. At present, the environment in which human beings live and engage in various activities consists of natural environment and social environment.
2。 What is environmental pollution? What is the classification of environmental pollution?
According to the definition of environmental science, any physical, chemical and biological factors that can affect human health or cause economic losses enter the environment, which is called environmental pollution. Broadly speaking, when the natural environment is influenced by external factors and changes its original state, it is "polluted". If this kind of pollution is caused by natural factors, it does not have obvious harmful effect, but can be recovered through the purification of the environment itself. At present, environmental pollution mainly refers to the pollution caused by human factors. That is, human production and life activities have directly or indirectly, or even potential harm, which is called environmental pollution.
There are three explanations: first, there are three kinds of pollutants that cause environmental pollution: physical radiation of radioactive substances, vibration of objects, noise and thermal pollution; Chemistry-mainly refers to harmful and toxic chemicals, such as mercury, cadmium, arsenic, cyanide, phenol, polychlorinated biphenyls, chemical pesticides, etc. Organisms-all kinds of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic molds and parasite eggs. Second, pollutants must reach a certain quantity, concentration and duration to form harm. Third, pollution can be divided into natural pollution and man-made pollution, among which man-made pollution is more harmful and deserves more attention.
4。 What is air pollution? What are the main sources of common air pollution?
Air pollution refers to the phenomenon that the concentration of pollutants in the air reaches a harmful level, even destroying the ecological system and the conditions for the normal survival and development of human beings, and causing harm to people and creatures.
The causes of air pollution are natural factors, such as volcanic eruption, forest fire and rock weathering. There are also human factors, such as industrial waste gas, combustion, automobile exhaust and nuclear explosion. With the rapid development of human economic activities and production, while consuming a lot of energy, a large number of waste gas and smoke substances are discharged into the atmosphere, which seriously affects the quality of the atmospheric environment.
5。 What are the main problems of the current atmospheric environment?
Taking ozone layer destruction and acid rain as examples, the main causes and hazards of their formation are analyzed.
The thickness of the atmosphere exceeds 1000 km, and 3/4 of its mass is concentrated in the troposphere with a thickness of about 12 km. The main components are nitrogen, oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide, and other components are less than 0.0 1%.
The main atmospheric environmental problems are: ozone depletion, "greenhouse effect" caused by carbon dioxide (increasing the surface temperature of the earth), the harm of acid rain and other near-surface air pollution problems.
6。 Water pollution and its harm, the harm of smoking.
Water pollution refers to the phenomenon that a certain amount of pollutants such as sewage, waste water and various wastes enter the water area, which exceeds the self-purification and pollution-holding capacity of the water body, thus causing adverse changes in the physical and chemical properties and biological community composition of the water body and its sediments, destroying the inherent ecosystem in the water, destroying the function of the water body, and further reducing the use value of the water body. There are many factors that cause water pollution: untreated urban domestic sewage and industrial wastewater are discharged into water; Fertilizers, pesticides and pollutants on the urban ground are washed away by rain and enter the water body with surface runoff; Toxic substances that diffuse with the atmosphere enter the water body through gravity sedimentation or precipitation. The first item is the main factor of water pollution. With the development of industrial production and the prosperity of social economy, a large number of industrial wastewater and urban domestic sewage are discharged into water bodies, and water pollution is becoming more and more serious.
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1, which can kill directly.
Relevant experts have obtained the following results through animal experiments: a horse will die soon after injecting 8 drops of nicotine; Dogs can kill it by injecting a drop of nicotine intravenously; In addition, after long-term smoking, it can be found that some animals have a tendency of vasoconstriction and even obvious sclerosis.
2, it can destroy the nutrients of the human body.
Smoking will hinder the absorption of vitamin C. Nicotine has a direct destructive effect on vitamin C. If the human body lacks vitamin C for a long time, it may suffer from scurvy.
3, can induce a variety of diseases.
Because the smoke inhaled in the body has a malignant stimulating effect on respiratory tract, digestive tract and other organs, some people think that it is an inducing factor for respiratory tract infection, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and even oral cancer, lip cancer, tongue cancer, esophageal cancer and so on.
From this point of view, smoking is harmful to human health. So try to quit smoking or smoke less. Non-smokers had better not get into this hobby.
Teenagers smoking is more harmful.
Smoking is very common among teenagers in China. Although the Law on the Protection of Minors in People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Code of Conduct for Middle School Students stipulate that minors and middle school students are not allowed to smoke, according to statistics, the number of teenagers who smoke is still quite large, and there is an upward trend. The smoking rates of male students in senior high school and junior high school in China are 68% and 54% respectively.
Teenagers smoking is an extremely harmful bad behavior.
First of all, it is harmful to life. Teenagers smoking is more harmful than adults. Because teenagers are in the stage of rapid growth and development of their bodies, their organs and systems are not yet mature, immature and sensitive, and their resistance is not strong, so they absorb all kinds of toxic substances more easily than adults, so they are deeply poisoned. Adolescent smoking may also lead to premature aging and premature death, which will affect the development of the next generation. Smoking can lead to menstrual disorder and dysmenorrhea in girls.
Second, smoking is harmful to psychological function. Long-term smoking will lead to a certain degree of attention and stability decline, but also reduce people's intelligence level, learning efficiency and work efficiency. Teenagers' addiction to smoking may lead to serious deterioration of thinking, impaired intellectual function, and serious interruption of thinking and memory disorder. Smoking is harmful to teenagers' intelligence, personality, psychological quality and study.
Third, teenagers' smoking will encourage their pursuit of pleasure, increase their parents' financial burden, promote bad communication, induce bad behavior and even lead to crime. In order to get the money for cigarettes, I will steal, blackmail and rob.
Teenagers smoking will also bring serious harm to society. Smoking has now become an important cause of fire accidents and endangering public safety. Cigarette smoke will pollute the surrounding environment and harm the health of others.
7。 Collect quotations from environmental protection and pictures of environmental pollution. (Thanks to the hyperlink URL ~~ 1)
Quotations of environmental protection famous sayings
We should not be too intoxicated with the victory of mankind over nature. Every time such a victory, nature will retaliate against us.
-Engels
The earth provides enough to meet everyone's needs, but not enough to fill everyone's desires.
Gandhi
Man is a part of the universe as a whole and a part of limited time and space. He regards his thoughts and feelings as independent of the whole-this is an illusion of consciousness. This illusion is a kind of prison, which imprisons us in personal desires and a few closest people. Our task is to expand compassion and embrace the beauty of all living things and the whole nature, so as to break free from this cage.
Albert Einstein.
"In the future, the 3R principles that help reduce waste, that is, reduction, reuse and recovery, will no longer be enough. I think a better concept is 3P, that is, turning pollutants into products and profits. 」
~ Mr. Wai-on Leung, Managing Director of Baoran Technology Co., Ltd.
"Fostering environmental awareness has gradually become an important part of education. Environmental Expo will help to promote good environmental protection measures and provide opportunities for people who are committed to improving the environment to achieve the goal of sustainable development. 」
~ The winner of the 5th Hong Kong Green School Award-Sister Huang Jinlian, Principal of Sao Paulo School
Quotations of environmental protection famous sayings
We should not be too intoxicated with the victory of mankind over nature. Every time such a victory, nature will retaliate against us.
-Engels
The earth provides enough to meet everyone's needs, but not enough to fill everyone's desires.
Gandhi
● People create the environment, and the environment also creates people (Marx and Engels)
Man's past, present and future are always the products of the environment before and after his birth (Owen)
● Environment determines people's language, religion, cultivation, habits, ideology and behavior (Irving)
As far as all living things are concerned, even the strongest inner nature is largely caused by their external environment (George Eliot)
People all have the same quality, but the environment is different (Lichtenberger)
The solemn sea produces dragons and whales, and there are only some delicious fish and shrimp in the shallow river (Shakespeare)
No matter where you live, habits will follow you (Afghanistan)
● If you live in a pumpkin, it will become round; If you live in bamboo, you will grow (Vietnam)
When the water is round, the vitality is round, and the water in the tank is square.
● Oranges are born in the south of the Yangtze River, but they are bitter oranges after crossing the Yangtze River.
One year in the soil, two years abroad, and three years denying my parents.
● What kind of mold and what kind of cake are printed?
If the wind is caused by bamboo, there will be no rapids without water.
When people move, they live; when trees move, they die.
● The environment is changed by people, and educators themselves should be educated-(Marx)
The change of environment and the consistency of human activities can only be regarded and reasonably understood as revolutionary practice (Marx)
● Environment I created the environment (Napoleon)
Man is not the product of the environment, but the environment is the product of man (disraeli)
A person's success is created by resisting the living environment around him (Soviet Union)
● Gems are still dazzling even if they are mixed in the sand (Indonesia)
The successful people in the world are those who can open their eyes and find the situation they need. If they can't find it, they will create it themselves (Bernard Shaw)
Hidden tiger in the low mountain, hidden dragon in the canyon.
There are tigers and leopards hidden in the mountains, and heroes are born in troubled times.
● The sea is wide and the fish jumps, and the sky is high for birds to fly.
When the water is wide, the big fish will grow, and when the water is wide, the potatoes will grow.
● Wet wood fears fire.
● There is surplus food at home, chickens and dogs are full, and books are many children.
Children in the mountains are not afraid of wolves.
Large ships should sail in deep water (UK)
● The grasslands are good for raising swift horses, and the mountains are good for growing pines.
● The sea is wide and the fish jumps, and the sky is high for birds to fly.
There is no storm, the sail is just a rag (Hugo)
The earth is big, but it is under my feet (Rivera)
You can't pickle kimchi in a broken jar-you can't cook vegetarian tofu in a fishy pot.
● You can't keep leopards in the kennel.
Magpies can't find the phoenix in their nests.
A good bird in a mouse's nest
● White radish can't be washed out in muddy water.
● Well water without fish and dead trees without leaves (Mongolia)
Cold water can't make hot tofu.
Hot millet can't jump out of the cold pot.
There is no white cloth in the dye vat.
Golden phoenix can't fly out of the henhouse.
● A small hole cannot climb a big crab.
A broken house hides lice and a broken house hides thieves.
A small cage can't hold a big bird.
● Small cages can't steam big steamed buns.
A small temple can't hold a big bodhisattva.
Small water can't hold a big ship.
You can't raise big fish in shallow water.
● Whales are not in the stream (North Korea)
Fish hurt each other in shallow water.
A broken temple can't recruit a good monk.
No matter how big the cake is, it is bigger than the pot that bakes it (Cambodia)
● The clearer the water, the less fish there are (UK)
When the fish in the pond was finished, the crane got up.
Improve the environment and protect the home.
Purify the environment and beautify the home.
Caring for the environment means caring for yourself.
Environmental protection is the basic national policy of China.
Resolutely crack down on criminal acts that damage the environment
Protect the ecological environment and advocate a new civilized style.
Protecting the environment is glorious, but polluting the environment is shameful.
Protect the environment and love human's own home.
Take part in the green life action and move towards the new century.
Protecting the environment is the duty of every citizen.
Bring environmental protection work into the legal track
Strive to raise environmental protection to a new level.
Protect the environment, start from me and build a beautiful green home.
Strive to achieve the cross-century goal of environmental protection in China
Take action to protect the environment, starting from yourself and starting from bit by bit.
Whoever pollutes and controls, who develops and protects; Whoever destroys it will recover, and whoever uses it will compensate.