Analysis of test questions: There are two questions No.3 in this paper. Correctly reading the materials is the key to solving problems. The viewpoints reflected in the materials are that knowledge is the beginning of action, action is the achievement of knowledge, action is the expression of knowledge, and it is the supplement of knowledge, that is, the unity of knowledge and action. This is Wang Yangming's view, which opposes Zhu Xi's knowledge by grasping things. Zhu Xi emphasized the knowledge of things, Gu Yanwu advocated practical application, and Huang Zongxi strongly criticized the autocratic monarchy, so ABC ruled it out, so D was chosen.

Comments: This question actually examines the comparison between Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism and Lu Wang's Neo-Confucianism. The key point is to grasp the same point and admit the truth, but the way to get the truth is different. Zhu Xi emphasizes the knowledge of things, and Wang Yangming emphasizes the conscience, which is the heart. This is also a key point of examination.