According to legend, he has 3,000 disciples and 72 disciples of saints, who have led some disciples around the world. Confucius' thought has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Confucius and Mencius, one of the representatives of Confucianism in the Warring States period, were called "Confucius and Mencius" by later generations. The combination of Confucius and Mencius formed the Confucian "Tao of Confucius and Mencius". [3]
spring from a noble origin
Confucius is a descendant of Shang Tang, the founding monarch of Shang Dynasty, and an imperial clan of Shang Dynasty. King Wu attacked the Zhou Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty. In order to appease the nobles of Shang Dynasty, it was given the title of "Bo" and "Song State", so it was a descendant of the nobles of Yin Dynasty.
After the Sanjian Rebellion, Duke Zhou was named after Wei Zi, an ordinary brother and loyal minister of Shang Dynasty, and was ordered to live in Song State. After his death, he was buried in Song State's hometown (now Suiyang District, Shangqiu City) with Cabbage Temple. After Wei's death, his brother Wei Zhong acceded to the throne.
After Zhong Wei's death, Zi Song Gong Ji followed; After the death of Song Dynasty, Zi Shen. After the death of Song Dinggong, his son succeeded to the throne. After the death of Duke Guan of Song Dynasty, Brother Gong stood on his own feet. Why can't the Prince and his father stand on their own feet? So Fu Cha's younger brother Gong Bootstrap killed Yang Gong and wanted to make Fu Cha his father, but Fu Cha refused, so Gong Bootstrap became the monarch, for the sake of Song. How can Fu Dad become Zhengqing?
Confucius lecture map
When the father died, the son Song father; Song's father died in the week, Prince Li succeeded, and Prince Kao succeeded. Sanjun, Song Guodai, Wu and Xuan are all studying their father's affairs, and they are all famous for their respect. "One life is awkward, two lives are exhausted, and three lives are easy." I wanted to test my father's experience in the Zhou Dynasty and got back the lost chapter "Shang Dynasty Fu" compiled and supplemented by the Song Dynasty.
When the father dies, the father of Confucius stands. Confucius' father, Jia Shi, Song Mugong. Before he died, Mu Gong did not set up his own son Feng, but set up his brother's son Feng Heyi to repay his brother's kindness to serve the country. Before he died, he ordered Jia to assist Yi (male). Jia Jia, the father of Confucius, was a martyr of foreigners and men. He fought against Zheng, Wei and other countries many times, but most of them ended in failure, causing dissatisfaction among Chinese people. Kong's wife is very beautiful, which makes another doctor, Hua, drool over her. Therefore, the governor of the founding father used the dissatisfaction of the Chinese people to launch a mutiny and killed Kong and Song. Mu, the son of Kong, fled to the state of Lu, and the Kong family became a native of Lu.
Father prays for Father's Day, father prays for Confucius to prevent uncle, and Confucius prevents uncle from being born and Shu from being born. He is the father of Confucius and a great general of Lu. In 563, Xun Ying of the State of Jin led eleven allied forces to attack a small country, forcing Yang to die (now the central area of Zaozhuang, Shandong Province) and forcing Yang to lie about surrender. After the Allies entered the city, they lowered the city gate to prepare to attack the Allies. At this time, the gate of the Shu army before entering the customs was held, so that the allied forces safely withdrew from forced Yang. Meng Xianzi praised him: "The so-called' fierce as a tiger' in the poem is also". [4]
The saint came into this world.
Shu's wife gave birth to nine daughters and no children, and my concubine gave birth to Meng Pi, but Meng Pi was ill enough to be an heir, so Shu asked Yan. Yan has three daughters and wants to marry them, but she is too old and impatient, so she asks her three daughters for advice. Neither of the two eldest daughters is willing, but the youngest daughter, Yan Zhizai, is willing to marry.
Yan Zhizhai is eighteen and Shu is seventy-two. Their ages are quite different. They got married by courtesy. The husband and wife lived in Nishan and were pregnant, so they called it "sexual intercourse". Confucius was born in August of the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu (55 BC1). Confucius was born with a dome on his head, so he was named "Qiu" because his mother prayed in Nishan.
Early life
When Confucius was three years old, Shu died of illness and was buried here. After the death of Shu, Yan Zhizai lost his asylum and was chased by his wife Shi, so he took his younger brothers Meng Pi and Confucius to Qubuque and lived a poor life. When Confucius grows up, he will also do a lot of rough work for his life. Confucius later said, "I am cheap, so I can be cheap."
Although his family was poor, Confucius was still diligent and eager to learn. As a game, young Confucius used it to decorate sacrificial vessels (cowpeas) and practice ceremonies. When Confucius grew up, he was nine feet six inches tall, so the villagers called him a "long man". The family was a book fan, and Confucius had been there, but Confucius came back without yang hu, the family's retainer.
political career
Since Confucius was in his twenties,
Confucius in film and television works
I just want to do something, so I am very concerned about world affairs, often thinking about many issues of governing the country and politics, and often expressing some opinions. By the time I was 30, I was already famous.
In the twenty years of Lu, he visited Lu and summoned Confucius to discuss the question of being king with him, and Confucius got to know him. In the twenty-fifth year of Lu, civil strife occurred in Lu, and Lu was forced to flee to Qi. Confucius also left Lu for Qi, where he was appreciated and entertained by Qi Jinggong. He even prepared to seal the fields around Nishi to Confucius, but was stopped by the doctor Yan Ying.
In the twenty-seventh year of Lu, at that time, the doctor of Qi wanted to harm Confucius. When Confucius heard this, he turned to Qi Jinggong for help. Qi Jinggong said, "I am old and can still use it." Confucius had to flee to Lu. At that time, the state of Lu was actually in the hands of the doctor's retainer, which was called "ruling the country with the minister." Therefore, although Confucius had two opportunities to enter politics, he gave them up until he was appointed as the capital master in 9 years. At this time, Confucius was 5 1 year old.
Confucius ruled Zhongdu (now Wenshang County) for one year, and achieved outstanding results. He was promoted to a small sikong, and soon he was promoted to a big Sikou, taking photos and taking care of Lu. 12 years, in order to weaken Sanhuan (,uncle, teacher), Confucius called it Sanhuan because it was the offspring of three sons. At that time, the state power of Lu was actually in their hands, and some retainers of the Third Ring Road controlled the Third Ring Road to varying degrees, and adopted measures of "benefiting and" removing the three capitals. Later, the actions of Sandu were abandoned halfway, and the contradiction between Confucius and Sanhuan was exposed.
/kloc-in 0/3, Lu Dinggong of Qi sent 80 beautiful women to Lu to accept female music. The monarch and his subjects were addicted to singing and dancing and ignored state affairs for many days. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon after, Lu held a suburban sacrifice, and when he gave the meat to the doctor after the sacrifice, he didn't give it to Confucius as usual, indicating that Ji didn't want to hire him again. Confucius left Shandong and began to travel around the world when he had to find a way out.
Travel around the world
Confucius first took his disciples to Weiguo, and Wei Linggong began to respect Confucius very much. According to Lu's salary standard, he gave Confucius 60 thousand yuan, but gave him nothing.
Travel around the world
Yao didn't let him participate in politics when he took office. Confucius lived in Weiguo for about 10 months. Because someone slandered Wei Linggong, Wei Linggong became suspicious of Confucius, and sent someone to publicly monitor Confucius' actions. So Confucius left Weiguo with his disciples and planned to go to Chen.
When passing through Kuangcheng, I was besieged for five days because of misunderstanding. I fled Kuangcheng, came to Dipu, met my uncle, a patriotic aristocrat who launched a rebellion, and was besieged again. After escaping, Confucius returned to China to defend his country. Wei Linggong was very happy to hear that Confucius and his disciples had returned from Dipu, and went to meet him in person. Since then, Confucius has gone abroad several times and returned to China several times. On the one hand, Wei Linggong had both good and bad feelings towards Confucius; On the other hand, after Confucius went abroad, he had nowhere to go and had to return.
In the second year (when Confucius was fifty-nine), Confucius left the country, passed through Cao, Song and Zheng, and arrived in the state of Chen. So he sent laborers to surround Confucius and his disciples in the middle of the road, without villages in front and shops in the back. Zigong ate up all the food they brought, and finally found the Chu people. The Chu people sent troops to meet Confucius, and Confucius and his disciples were saved from death. Confucius returned to Weiguo at the age of 64. With the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, he was welcomed back to Lu at the age of 68, but he was still respectful.
Confucius' family is very poor. Because of the troubled times, the benevolent policy advocated by Confucius has no room for display, but during the three months of governing Lu, the powerful state of Qi was also afraid of Confucius' talents, which shows that Confucius is worthy of the title of outstanding politician. Political dissatisfaction made Confucius devote a large part of his energy to education. Confucius used to be a scout in the state of Lu, then traveled around the world with his disciples and asked Lao Tzu for advice in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Finally, I returned to Shandong and concentrated on teaching. Confucius broke the monopoly of education and started a private school, with as many as 3000 disciples, including 72 sages. Many of these 72 people are the pillars of senior officials in various countries, which have continued the glory for Confucianism. Among the "seventy-two wise men", Yan Hui is Confucius' favorite disciple.
(of a respected person) die.
During this period, Confucius paid attention to education and collation of ancient books. In the winter of mourning for the public for twelve years, Kong Li died before Confucius. In fourteen years, Yan Hui died before him. Confucius felt it: "The people who followed me to Cai Chen before were not as good as the door." In the summer of the 14th year of Aigong, Chen Heng of Qi killed his monarch, and Confucius fasted and bathed for three days, pleading Aigong to cut Qi, and Aigong asked him to "sue". Confucius asked Ji Sun to send troops, but the result was met.
Confucius statue
Refuse.
In the first 480 years, another favorite pupil of Confucius, Luz, died in the civil strife in Wei State and was chopped into meat paste. After a series of blows, Confucius knew that his time was running out.
One day in 479 BC, Zi Gong came to see Confucius, who stood in front of the door with a staff. He said to Zigong, "Here, why are you so late?" So he sighed: "Mount Tai (that is, Mount Tai) is not good! The beams and columns are destroyed! The philosopher is dying! " Say that finish, shed tears. Then he said to Zigong, "Xia people were buried in the east sequence, Zhou people were buried in the west sequence, and Yin people were buried between the two columns. Last night, I dreamed that I was drinking between two pillars. I am Yin. "
Seven days later, Confucius died at the age of 73 and was buried on the bank of Surabaya in the north of Qufu. Disciples mourned for him for 3 years, and Zi Gong kept the tomb for Confucius for 6 years.
Confucius statue
Confucius had a far-reaching influence on later generations. Although he "narrated but didn't do it", he was known as "Heaven Sage", "Heaven Muduo" and "Eternal Sage" when he was alive, and he was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time. Later generations revered him as "the most holy" (the sage among saints) and "the teacher of all ages", and thought that he was a combination of poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and happiness, and wrote the Spring and Autumn Annals as a preface to the Book of Changes (also known as Ten Wings of the Book of Changes or Yi Zhuan). The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucian school, which was compiled by Confucius' disciples and their descendants. It mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and embodies Confucius' political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. The Analects of Confucius, University, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius are also called the Four Books. There are twenty popular Analects of Confucius. The language of The Analects is concise and profound, and many of its remarks are still regarded as wisdom by the world. Moreover, in ancient times, Confucius was the first person that children worshipped when they entered school.
He has many disciples, such as Zigong, Luz and Yan Hui. Mencius, revered as a "saint" by later generations, and two disciples of his grandson Kong Ji.
Ten Analects of Confucius has been included in the first volume of the first Chinese book of the People's Education Press. Now the 12 primary school Chinese book published by Jiangsu Education Publishing House has included Confucius' famous words in Exercise 7. Now the Changchun edition of 10 language book has included four Analects of Confucius.
Be angry, forget food, be happy, forget troubles.
When Confucius was 62 years old, he once described himself like this: "He is also a human being. He forgets to eat when he is angry, and forgets his worries when he is happy. He doesn't know that his old age is coming." At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years and had gone through all the hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of the governor, but he almost died. But Confucius didn't give up because of difficulties. He was still optimistic, stuck to his ideals and even knew he couldn't do it.
Be content with poverty
Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me." In Confucius' mind, upholding justice is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between rich and poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality. But we can't regard his peace and happiness as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain Tao, which is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; If you don't take this road, you will accomplish nothing. Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. " "Money is available, although there are many whips, I can do it. If you can't get it, just do as I say. "
Never tire of learning, never tire of teaching.
Confucius was famous for his eagerness to learn and showed great interest in all kinds of knowledge, so he was versatile and knowledgeable. He was very famous at that time, and was almost regarded as an omniscient saint, but Confucius himself didn't think so. Confucius said, "How dare I be a saint and a benevolent person?" Never tire of it, never tire of teaching. "Confucius learned that there was no regular teacher. Whoever has knowledge and who doesn't understand will worship him as a teacher. Therefore, he said, "In a threesome, there must be a teacher. Follow the chosen ones, and change the bad ones. "
Follow the path of integrity-conduct integrity.
Pictures of Confucius' famous sayings: from The Analects of Confucius.
Confucius was upright in nature and advocated going straight. He once said, "I treat others, who will ruin my reputation?" If you are famous, you have to try. Simin also, the reason why the three generations went straight. "Historical Records records that Confucius asked Lao Tzu to be polite when he was in his thirties. When he left, Laozi gave a message: "Smart and thorough, close to death, considerate. Those who argue the broad masses are in danger, and those who are evil are also. A son should not have his own, and a minister should not have his own. "This is Lao Tzu's kind reminder to Confucius, and it also points out some shortcomings of Confucius, that is, he looks at the problem too deeply and speaks too sharply, hurting some people with positions and bringing great danger to himself. Confucius established a moral theory with benevolence as the core with the idea of being kind to others. He is also a very kind person, compassionate, helpful and sincere. " Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. ""The beauty of a gentleman is not the evil of adults, but that of young people. " "Bow from the thick, lightly blame others" and so on are his principles of life.
political thought
Its core is "courtesy" and "benevolence". In the general plan of governing the country, he advocates "governing the country by virtue", which is the noblest way to govern the country. This strategy of governing the country is also called "rule by virtue" or "rule by courtesy". This strategy applies morality and politeness to the people, which actually breaks the traditional belief that politeness cannot be less than that of Shu Ren.
Confucius lecture (7 pictures)
An important boundary between nobility and commoners has been established.
Confucius' theory of benevolence embodies the spirit of human nature, while Confucius' theory of propriety embodies the spirit of etiquette, that is, order and system in the modern sense. Humanism is the eternal theme of mankind, which is applicable to any society, any era and any government, and order and institutional society are the basic requirements for establishing a civilized human society. This humanitarianism and order spirit of Confucius is the essence of China's ancient social and political thought.
Confucius' highest ambition in his later years was called "Great Harmony". In the Datong world, people all over the world love not only their families, but also their parents and children, but also each other and all the people in the world. Children can get warmth and care, lonely people and disabled people can rely on them, men have their own things, and women have a satisfactory home. There are no frauds, no thieves, no stragglers, no doors closed at night. Everyone is honest, virtuous and talented, and the trip to the avenue is open.
Economic thought
The most important economic thoughts of Confucius are "emphasizing righteousness over profit" and "enriching the people". This is also the main content of Confucian economic thought. Have a great influence on future generations. Confucius' so-called "righteousness" is a social moral standard, and "profit" refers to people's pursuit of material interests. In the relationship between "righteousness" and "benefit", Confucius put "righteousness" in the first place. He said, "see what you want". People are required to consider how to conform to "righteousness" in the face of material interests. He believes that "righteousness follows", that is, it can only be obtained if it conforms to "righteousness". Confucius even argued in The Analects of Confucius, Zi Han, that it is necessary to talk less about profits, but don't shy away from them. Zuo Zhuan's Two Years of Success records that doing immoral things to get rich is like floating clouds, disdaining ill-gotten gains. Confucius also believed that the attitude towards "righteousness" and "benefit" can distinguish "gentlemen" from "villains". A "gentleman" with morality is easy to understand the importance of righteousness, while a "villain" who lacks moral cultivation only knows "profit" but not "righteousness". This is what Confucius said in the Analects of Confucius, "A gentleman is righteous and a villain is beneficial." Some people think that since Confucius emphasized "righteousness", he must despise manual labor. This view is wrong. According to the Analects of Confucius, he was very dissatisfied with Fan Chi, a disciple who wanted to study agriculture, and called him a "villain" because Confucius believed that people should have greater ideals and pursuits and shoulder greater responsibilities. He wants his students to be value bearers, not farmers.
Educational thought
Confucius put forward for the first time in the history of China that human beings are similar in natural qualities, and the differences in personality are mainly influenced by acquired education and social environment ("sexual similarity").
Confucius gives lectures
Xi xiang yuan is also "). Therefore, everyone can be educated and everyone should be educated. He advocated "no education for all", founded private schools and enrolled more students, which broke the monopoly of slave owners and nobles on school education and expanded the scope of education to civilians, conforming to the trend of social development at that time. He advocated "learning to be an official" and went to be an official after he completed his studies. The purpose of his education is to cultivate a political gentleman, who must have high moral quality. Therefore, Confucius emphasized that moral education must be placed in the first place in school education ("Disciples are filial when they enter, filial when they leave, sincere and trustworthy, loving the people and being kind. Learn to write if you have spare capacity "). The main contents of Confucius' moral education are "courtesy" and "benevolence". Among them, "courtesy" is the moral standard, and "benevolence" is the highest moral standard. "Rite" is the form of "benevolence" and "benevolence" is the content of "ceremony". With the spirit of "benevolence", "ceremony" can be truly enriched. In terms of moral cultivation, he put forward methods such as determination, self-denial, practice, introspection and courage to reform. "Learning and knowing" is the dominant idea of Confucius' teaching thought. While advocating being shameless and eager to learn, he emphasized the combination of learning and thinking ("learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous"), and at the same time, he should "apply what he has learned" and apply what he has learned to social practice. He first proposed heuristic teaching. He said, "No anger, no anger, no anger. "This means that when students think seriously and reach a certain level, teachers should inspire and inspire them. He was also the earliest educator who adopted the method of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude in teaching practice. Through conversation and individual observation, he understands and is familiar with students' personality characteristics. On this basis, according to the specific situation of each student, different educational methods are adopted to cultivate talents in morality, language, politics and literature. Confucius loved education and engaged in educational activities all his life. He never tires of learning and teaching. We should not only set an example, but also teach by example and influence students with our own example behavior. He loves his students and they respect him very much. The relationship between teachers and students is very harmonious. He is a shining example of ancient teachers in China. Confucius' educational activities not only cultivated many students, but also put forward his educational theory on the basis of practice, which laid a theoretical foundation for China's ancient education. Because of Confucius' conservative political attitude, the reform of economic system also reflects conservative thoughts. For example, in the fifteenth year of Shandong (594 BC), the "initial tax mu" was implemented to legally recognize the legal status of private land, which was a major economic reform in the Spring and Autumn Period; However, according to Zuo Zhuan, Confucius recorded the "first tax mu" when compiling Spring and Autumn Annals, with the purpose of criticizing its "indecency". People are not rich, and you are not rich. It is also recorded in the Analects of Confucius that Confucius advocated "benefiting people", that is, doing things that are beneficial to the people. On the other hand, he advocated that taxes should be lighter, and the apportionment of corvees should not delay the farming season. According to the Analects of Confucius, Confucius also preached to politicians at that time, demanding that politicians should not be too extravagant and pay attention to thrift. He said: "luxury is not inferior, thrift is solid." It is better to be practical than to feel inferior. At the same time, it also advocates "saving and loving others". This includes applying Confucius' thought of "benevolence" to the economic field.
Aesthetic ideology
The core of Confucius' aesthetic thought is the unity of "beauty" and "goodness", and the unity of form and content. Confucius advocated "poetry teaching", that is, combining literature and art with political morality, and taking literature and art as a means to change social politics and an important way to cultivate sentiment. Confucius believes that a perfect person should cultivate his self-cultivation in three aspects: poetry, ceremony and music. Confucius' aesthetic thought has a great influence on later literary theories.
Edit the recent development of this paragraph.
Confucius is the founder of China's Confucianism. Since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism has been regarded as an orthodox precept by rulers of past dynasties, and even as the standard of Ren Xian's energy use, and its influence has lasted for thousands of years.
Zi Lin said: "The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night."
A Confucius said, "Smart words make you look good and fresh!"
Edit this paragraph, personal influence.
The Analects of Confucius
During the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in which Confucius lived, the political system based on blood clan in the Western Zhou Dynasty collapsed, and the Han nationality's identity based on cultural identity was taking shape. This is the era when China people's cultural awareness first occurred. Classicism became fashionable, and some people began to think about the problems of heaven, life and world order. Cultural education, which was originally monopolized by nobles, is gradually flowing into the people. Confucius is the representative and master of the spirit of this era. He initiated a hundred schools of thought during the Warring States Period.
The Analects of Confucius is the main work to understand his thoughts.
Editing this Catalogue of High-Foot Disciples involves professional knowledge, and some contents are controversial, which was verified by Dang Hongmei, a philosophy lecturer.
Reference materials have been provided for the verification content. Click to view details.
summary
There are as many as 3,000 disciples of Kong Qiu, including 72 sages, many of whom were the pillars of senior officials of various countries in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the most important of which are:
Yan Hui was born in Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, ranging from 52 1 to 48 1. Zi Yueyuan, also known as Yan Yuan, is Confucius' favorite disciple. "Eternal Night" said that he "eats and drinks once, and when he is in a mean alley, people can't bear his worries, and he won't change his pleasure when he returns". Modest and studious, "not angry, not jealous." He respects his teacher very much and is always dissatisfied with Confucius. Yan Yuan is famous for his virtue, and Confucius praised him for "returning with virtue" and "returning without violating benevolence in March" (Ode to Leaves). Unfortunately, he died young. Since the Han Dynasty, Yan Hui has been ranked as the first of 72 sages, and sometimes only Yan Hui enjoys it when offering sacrifices to Confucius. Since then, posthumous title has been added to the rulers of all dynasties: Emperor Taizong honored him as a "master", Emperor Xuanzong honored him as "Duke Yan", Song Zhenzong as "Duke Yan" and Yuan Wenzong as "Duke Yan Fu". In the ninth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, it was renamed "Restoration of Saints". There is also a "Fuxing Temple" in Qufu, Shandong.
Zhong You was born in Bianqiao Village, Quanlin Town, surabaya county City, Shandong Province from 542 to 480. He was Shi's butcher and later the doctor's butcher. In 480 AD, his mother made his younger brother Kuaiqin the monarch, threatened Wei to dismiss him, and fled after hearing the news. When Lutz heard the news outside, he went to town to see Quine. The crown tassel shot by Kuai Ming's troops has its eyes torn out. He severely reprimanded, "The death of a gentleman is inevitable." Fasten the hat and tassel resolutely, and die calmly.
Duanmu Ci, born in 520 ~ 456, was named Duanmu Heji and Wei (now Xunxian County, Henan Province). He used to be the spokesman of Lu and Wei, the most successful of the 72 sages of Confucius, and a leader in the field of speech. Zi Gong was a great diplomat and businessman in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was praised as "the originator of Confucian businessmen" by later generations. Confucius once called it "the instrument of Hu Lian". He is eloquent, eloquent, practical and knowledgeable. He is also good at doing business. He once did business between Cao and Lu, which made him rich. Become the richest man among Confucius disciples. Sima Qian's Biography of Zhong Ni's Disciples, written in Historical Records, used the most pen and ink on Zi Gong, and his biography was the longest among Confucius' disciples. This phenomenon shows that in Sima Qian's eyes, Zi Gong is a very unusual figure. We follow this idea of Sima Qian, and then carefully read the Analects of Confucius and other books, we can see that Zi Gong is an unusual figure. His great influence and role are beyond the reach of Confucius' disciples: excellent academic performance, rich cultural accomplishment, outstanding political and diplomatic ability and superb financial management ability.
Yan Yan, a native of Changshu, was the only disciple of Confucius who spread to the south in the Spring and Autumn Period. At the age of 22, he left his hometown and went north to learn from Confucius. He is modest, studious and good at literature. Lu, who used to be the butcher of Wucheng, educated the people with rites and music. There are string songs everywhere in the territory, which won the appreciation of Confucius. I returned to the south after my studies, and countless disciples traveled to France. He is considered to be the first person to spread southeast culture. Since the Tang Dynasty, he has been named marquis of Wu, Wu Gong, Wu Gong and sage Yanzi. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, a doctor of the Five Classics was specially appointed to be inherited by his descendants. Yan Yan has made great contributions to the prosperity of Wu culture.
Also known as Zeng, he was born in Wucheng (now Nanwucheng in Weizhuang Township, Pingyi County, and Nanwu Village in Mandong Town, Jiaxiang County) in the Spring and Autumn Period. The dates of birth and death are unknown. The father of Zeng Shen, one of the 72 sages of Confucius' disciples. He and Meng, the father of Yan Hui and Mencius, were enshrined in the shrine behind the Confucius Temple in Qufu. In The Analects of Confucius, he sat with Luz, You Ran and Gong Xihua to talk about his personal interests. Speaking of personal interests, he stopped playing drums and piano, said that he would put on his spring clothes in late spring, and in 1009 (the second year of Song Dazhong Xiangfu), he sealed the "Laiwu Hou" with five or six like-minded adults. 1530 (the 9th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty) was renamed as "Saint Zeng". Ceng Dian's tomb is in Nanwucheng, his hometown.
Zeng Shen, a native of Nanwucheng (now Pingyi) in the late Spring and Autumn Period, was born in 505 ~ 436 BC. People all address themselves as Ceng Zi.
Yan Hui, Confucius' favorite pupil.
A disciple of Confucius. Ceng Dian's son is a small official who is famous for his filial piety. It is believed that "wisdom, loyalty and forbearance" are Confucius' "consistent" thoughts, and the cultivation method of "I live three times a day" is put forward. He advocated that "I should be cautious in the end (carefully handle the funeral of my parents), pursue the future (sincerely remember my ancestors), cherish the people's morality" and "commit crimes without learning (cultivate my mind)", and persistently practice Confucius' theory. Legend has it that there are "filial piety" and "university". Under the door of Confucius, he was regarded as a descendant of Taoism and was honored as a "saint" by later rulers. There are 18 pieces recorded in the Records of Han Literature and Art, which are incomplete, and there are 10 pieces from Lishi to Tianyuan. In Qing Dynasty, there was a note of Ceng Zi in Ruan Yuan. There is Zeng Temple at the southern foot of Nanwushan, 20 kilometers south of Jiaxiang, also known as Zongsheng Temple.
Four subjects and ten philosophers
Virtue: Yan Yuan, Min Ziqian, Ran Boniu, Zhong Gong.
Words: Kill me, Zi Gong.
Politics: You Ran, Lu Ji (Luz)
Literature: Freedom in Xia Zi
(See Advanced Analects of Confucius)