From: The Love Monk Shitou Lu - "A Dream of Red Mansions"

Basic information

The allusion originally refers to the old system and old rules, and is also a historical fact that the Han Dynasty was in charge of the ritual and music system. official name. A later common meaning refers to stories or legends about historical figures, regulations, etc. The name Allusion has a long history. It can be traced back to the Han Dynasty as early as the Han Dynasty. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty. The Biography of King Dongping Xian Cang": "I personally bow down to the Supreme Lord, pay tribute to my subordinates, give banquets every time, change the appearance of the banquet, and worship in the middle palace. There are many allusions."< /p>

Chinese name: allusion

Foreign name: literary quotation

Old meaning: rules and regulations, old things and practices

Modern meaning: in poetry Quote stories or phrases from ancient books

Pinyin: diǎn gù

Phonetic: ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄍㄨˋ

English translation: [Literary quotation;Classical allusion ]

Basic explanation

1. Classics and anecdotes;

2. Ancient stories and words with origins quoted in poems.

3. Generally refers to recognized figures and events that have educational significance and are familiar to the public.

Sources and detailed explanations

1. Classics and examples. Therefore, stories become examples.

① "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Prince Dongping Xian Cang": "He bowed to the Supreme Lord personally, paid homage to his ministers, gave banquets to meet him, often changed the appearance of the banquet, and paid homage to him in the middle palace. There are many allusions."

② "The Biography of Gao Long in Northern History": "Gao Long's nature was very delicate. As for the official feathers and costumes, they were changed from time to time. If he did not follow the allusions, he would be wrong."

③ "Tang Yulin · Supplement 4" written by Wang Chen of the Song Dynasty: "It is not necessary to study the beginning of the coming of the corner. There is no text about the Kaiyuan Rites and the allusions to the dynasty."

④ Song Gaocheng's "Shi Yuan·" "Concubine Yu Ming Gui Xiu Rong": "Emperor Wen of Wei first set up Xiu Rong, and Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty took part in Xiang's allusions and reinstated it."

⑤Qing Dynasty·Tian Lanfang's "Penglai (Yuan Ke Li Biye) Ji Sheng" "Miscellaneous Xiaoyin": "It is a compilation, and you can also prepare allusions to Pengying to gain trust."

2. Ancient stories and words with provenance quoted in poems and other works.

① Qing Zhaohao's "Xiaoting Xueru·Da Xi Jie Xi": "The allusions at that time were like Qu Zi's race to cross the river, and Zi'an's inscriptions on the pavilion were all recorded, which is called Yue Ling Ying."

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② Zhao Yi of the Qing Dynasty's "Oubei Poetry Talk·Zha Chubai Poetry One": "The miscellaneous words and humor are all allusions, but the old biography does not reflect the original intention."

③The third act of Lao She's "Teahouse" : "'Green is the mountains, green is the water, the world of flowers', there is another allusion, it comes from "Wujia Slope"!"

Literary Appreciation Terms

Concepts

Allusions refer to classics and anecdotes. "Cihai" and "Ciyuan" established two meanings for the word "allusion": first, the ancient meaning of the word allusion, which is somewhat equivalent to the "allusion" in modern Chinese, referring to ancient regulations and systems, old events and practices. Of course, the allusions we are talking about today use the modern meaning of allusions. The modern meaning of allusion is explained in "Modern Chinese Dictionary" as "stories or phrases in ancient books quoted in poems". The interpretations of "Cihai" and "Ciyuan" are similar to this, saying that they are "ancient stories and words with provenance quoted in poems."

Wang Guanghan, an allusion researcher and famous linguist, pointed out in his "Research on Dictionary Issues - Correcting the Names of Allusions" that the above statements are too general. First of all, the word "quote" is not used properly. Quotes are quotations. Quotes in textual research, quotations in novel notes, etc. are all quotes. Are these citations and quotations all references? Aren't textual research and novel notes considered "literary"? As for other things, they can be called "literary". Quotes and textual research with the source indicated, and large paragraphs of original text transcripts of novel notes should be said to belong to the same type in essence, and these types should obviously be distinguished from allusions. Secondly, the statement "has a provenance" is even more unscientific. "Having a provenance" can only be used as one of the prerequisites for an allusion, but words that are not "with a provenance", including implicit quotations, can be regarded as allusions.

The ancients who wrote poems emphasized that "no word has no origin." How many words included in "Cymology" do not have usage examples in different eras? If it is said that the predecessors have used it, and the later generations use it again, it means that "it has an origin" "Source", then "Ciyuan" has become a dictionary of allusions? The reason why the emerging allusion books cannot clearly draw the boundaries between idioms, quotations, ordinary words and allusions is largely due to the above-mentioned dictionaries' interpretation of allusions. Interpretation.

The main problem with the above-mentioned allusion books is the lack of understanding of dictionaries. It is crucial to draw a clear line between dictionaries and idioms, quotations, and ordinary words. The dictionary's interpretation of the dictionary, that is, "quotation" and "words with origins" must be added with a further qualification. This limitation is "cannot be understood without the language environment of the source." With this limitation, the scope of the dictionary can be made clear. The so-called "cannot be understood without the language environment in which it originated" has two meanings: First, from the perspective of word meaning, the word used in the dictionary must have the meaning of the language environment in which it originated. Therefore, it is impossible to understand the meaning of the word without understanding the language environment in which it originated. To have a meaning that is not the literal meaning of the word. Such words are mostly highly generalized and abbreviated from the language environment in which they originated. For example, "Hezhou" is used to describe the love between men and women or to praise the virtues of beautiful concubines, which originated from the meaning of "The Book of Songs·Guan Ju"; in the idiom "三人" "Cheng Hu" uses rumors to confuse the public, and it is easy to mistake falsehoods for truth. It comes from "Warring States Policy·Wei Ce II": "It is clear that there is no tiger in the city, but three people speak and become a tiger." He is like the famous saying "Seven Years in Life." The abbreviation of "十古来奇" and "古七" all fall into this category; secondly, from the perspective of word formation, the formation of words is inseparable from the language environment of their origin. If you do not understand the language environment of its origin, you will not be able to understand it. Why is it a word? The idiom "escape" falls into this category when "yaoyao" is used to mean "escape". With the above definition in the dictionary, it can obviously be distinguished from general idioms, quotations, ordinary words, etc.