Ancient Simple Materialism

1. Heaven and earth unite to create all things, and Yin and Yang connect to change. (Xunzi)

2. There is no single burning fire in the world, but there is an essence that has no body and only knows. (Wang Chong)

3. Qi is the basis of reason. (Wang Fuzhi)

4. If the form exists, the spirit will exist; if the form disappears, the spirit will disappear. Form is the essence of God, and God is the function of form. (Fan Zhen)

5. Water is the origin of all things. (Thales)

6. When people are sick, they are afraid, and when they are afraid, ghosts appear. (Wang Chong)

7. The world is an eternal living fire that burns and extinguishes according to rules. (Heraclitus)

Belongs to metaphysical materialism

8. Atoms are the “bricks of the universe”

9. Acknowledge that matter determines consciousness, but deny consciousness Have an active effect on matter.

Subjective idealism

10. There is nothing outside the mind, no reason outside the mind, and nothing outside the mind. (Wang Shouren)

11. Existence means being perceived; objects are collections of ideas; for the generation of ideas, it is not necessary to assume the existence of external objects. (Berkeley)

12. "Decision-making by patting one's head on the head"

13. Suspicious neighbor stealing axe

14. I think, therefore I am. (Descartes)

Belongs to objective idealism

15. Life and death are determined by fate, and wealth is in heaven. (Zixia)

16. Reason gives birth to all things; before this happened, this principle already existed. (Zhu Xi)

17. "The real world is the shadow of the ideal world."

18. Fear of destiny; if you sin against God, you have nothing to pray for. (Confucius)