Outline of the history department in the second volume of the seventh grade
Prosperous sui dynasty
I. North-South reunification
1, the founding time of the Sui Dynasty: 58 1 Founder: Sui Wendi Sui Wendi's capital: Chang 'an.
2. The Sui Dynasty was unified in 589.
Thinking: Think about why the Sui Dynasty was reunified after the great division of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
(1) Sui Dynasty: Great ethnic integration in the north and great economic development in the south;
Long-term separatist regime, the people are eager for reunification;
Sui made full preparations for destroying Chen, and used strategy and tactics properly.
(2) Chen Dynasty: the corruption of Nan Chen regime;
Chen Houzhu is very arrogant.
The significance (influence, function) of the unification of the Sui Dynasty (the role of the Sui Dynasty in the history of China)
(1) ended the nearly 300-year separatist regime since the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty (the same as that of the Qin Dynasty)
(2) Created a series of new systems.
(3) The Grand Canal, a world-famous large-scale water conservancy project, was dug.
(4) It laid a solid foundation for the unprecedented prosperity of Sui and Tang Dynasties (connecting the preceding with the following)
Second, "the rule of opening the emperor"
Ruling measures of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty:
① Reform the system, ② Develop production, ③ Attach importance to government.
During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the country was unified and stable, the people's burden was light, and the economy was prosperous and developed, which was called "the rule of opening the emperor" in history.
Third, the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty.
1, the purpose of digging: to strengthen the north-south traffic; Consolidate the rule of the Sui Dynasty over the whole country.
2. Overview: With Luoyang as the center, it reaches Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south, with a total length of four or five kilometers.
Blank (figure)
3. Importance:
(1), with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers, is the longest canal in the ancient world, reflecting the hard work and creativity of working people in China.
(2) Political, economic and cultural exchanges between North and South have been greatly strengthened. Become a hub to communicate the "Silk Road" in the inland of Asia and the "Silk Road" at sea.
(3) It has promoted the development of towns and industries in coastal areas.
4. Assessment:
Positive aspects: significance
Negative aspects: it consumes a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and brings a heavy burden to the working people.
5. The nearly 400 years from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the unification of Sui Dynasty is the longest division since the formation of a unified country.
6. Suez Canal: The voyage between Europe and America, the Indian Ocean coast and the west Atlantic coast has been greatly shortened.
Panama Canal: The voyage between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean has been greatly shortened.
7. Compare the similarities between Qin Dynasty and Sui Dynasty:
(1) put an end to the separatist situation in China and achieved national reunification.
(2) Many important systems have been formulated, which have had a great influence in history.
(3) Important projects have been completed. (4) There are only two emperors, and their existence time is short.
(5) Because of X, the people rebelled.
8. The demise of the Sui Dynasty: It was because the X Grand Canal in Yang Di accelerated the demise of the Sui Dynasty.
Lesson 2 "The Rule of Zhenguan"
First, the establishment of the Tang Dynasty.
1. Reasons for the demise of the Sui Dynasty:
Large-scale construction (building Luoyang) and several foreign wars (three Koreas) are cruel and cruel.
2. Overview: 6 18 Founding Emperor: Tang Gaozu Li Yuan Capital: Chang 'an.
Second, the rule of Zhenguan.
1. Definition: During the period of Emperor Taizong, the politics was relatively clear, the economy developed rapidly, there was a scene of prosperity, and the national strength gradually became stronger.
2. Reason: Form
3. Contents:
politically
Open-minded coachable, reuse talents, and improve the system of three provinces and six departments
economically
Reform the tax system and ignore taxes (reduce the number of days of people's labor service, or replace it with physical objects)
From a cultural point of view
Improve the imperial examination system
licity
Amend the law and relax the criminal law.
Ethnic relations
Close relationship with ethnic minorities
1, talents used by Emperor Taizong: Fang and Du Ruhui.
2, in the book province for the emperor to draft government decrees, door province is responsible for the audit, ministers province execution.
3. A Brief Introduction to the Laws of the Tang Dynasty is the earliest existing complete code in China, which has exerted great influence on Asian countries.
4. Zhenguan Politicians is a book that records the achievements of Emperor Taizong and discusses the gains and losses of ancient and modern times with Wei Zhi.
5. Evaluate Emperor Taizong
Emperor Taizong was an outstanding politician in ancient China. form
However, it must also be pointed out that as a feudal emperor, Emperor Taizong also exploited and oppressed the people. In his later years, his arrogance and hedonism gradually grew.
Lesson 3 Brilliant Prosperity
First, Wu Zetian consolidated her rule.
1, strengthen centralization: ① reuse cruel officials and use terrorist policies;
(2) The genealogy of Zhenguan in the early Tang Dynasty was changed to the surname;
(3) Further develop the imperial examination system and create imperial examinations and martial arts.
2. agriculture; Attach importance to agricultural production and reduce the burden on farmers.
Reducing the burden on farmers and vigorously developing agricultural production are known as "the legacy of Zhenguan" and "opening the century to govern macro Zhenguan"
Second, the prosperity of Kaiyuan
Tang Xuanzong's performance;
(1) appointing talents (Yao Chong) (2) attaching importance to official management (3) advocating frugality (4) reforming military, financial and grain transportation systems.
Kaiyuan Shengshi: In the early years of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the political situation was stable and the economy was prosperous, which was called "Kaiyuan Shengshi" in history. (In the heyday of the whole feudal society)
Third, the prosperity of the prosperous economy.
1 agriculture
(1) Improvement of farm tools: Qu Yuan's plough and trolley.
(2) the development of tea production
The world's first monograph on tea, Tea Classic, appeared in the Tang Dynasty. The author Lu Yu was called "Tea God" by later generations.
2, handicraft industry
(1) Silk industry: Shu brocade is the most famous.
(2) Ceramic industry: Yue kiln celadon, Xing kiln white porcelain and Tang tricolor.
(3) Metallurgical industry
3. Population: more than 3 million in the early Tang Dynasty to 6,543,800+million in Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.
Fourth, the territory of the Tang Dynasty.
Five, the order of several emperors in the Tang Dynasty:
Tang Gaozu-Emperor Taizong-Tang Gaozong-Wu Zetian-Tang Xuanzong
What are the skills to improve your historical achievements?
Familiar with textbooks. The history of the first day of junior high school attaches great importance to the investigation of the mastery of the existing knowledge in textbooks. Therefore, to be tit for tat, textbooks are a magic weapon. The way is to look at it again and again. Grasp the frame of the book and remember the table of contents and subheadings. Because every history book is arranged in a certain order and law. We accept not scattered knowledge points, but overall knowledge. Only by memorizing the catalogue can we accurately grasp the clues of historical development, establish in-depth links between knowledge points, and lay the foundation for the transfer and application of knowledge. When answering questions in the examination room, do a long-span and macro summary, and try to avoid losing points because of missing opinions.
Pay attention to sorting out notes and copying them into books. Many students don't have a separate history notebook, but copy their notes into books to facilitate close contact with textbook knowledge. Some students will also copy down the extended knowledge or incisive opinions of several reference materials in the book and review them together when reading the teaching materials. In this way, your historical language expression will be more perfect and professional in the exam, and your coverage and span will be wider, and then your score will be higher.
Summarize by topic. This will also be summarized by the teacher in the second round of review, but it is best if you can summarize it yourself. For example, the world's most * * * conference and so on. This will not only make reading more interesting, but also improve the ability to summarize the history of senior one.
What are the methods and skills to learn history well?
1. Preview before class
Listen with preparation, that is to say, preview before class, find out what you don't understand, find problems, and go to class with knowledge points and problems, which will make you feel happy, easier to accept and easier to master.
2. Rich historical experience
History textbooks are just an intermediary for us to study history. It is also necessary to dabble in, select and use effective historical information through extracurricular reading materials, film and television media, and memorial halls of local history museums. Under the guidance of teachers, through self-study and mutual cooperation with classmates, we can explore the process of learning experience, enrich our historical experience and broaden our historical thinking and horizons.
Learn to remember
Learn to integrate knowledge points. Classifying the information you need to learn and the knowledge you have mastered into a mind map or knowledge card will make your brain and thinking clear and help you remember, review and master. At the same time, learn to link new knowledge with what you have learned, and constantly mix and improve your own knowledge system. This can promote understanding and deepen memory.
4. Master the answering skills
Master certain test-taking skills such as examining questions and solving problems. How to review the questions? To sum up, it is to read carefully, understand deeply, open up ideas and scrutinize repeatedly. The focus is on the type, scope, focus and punctuation of words and phrases. How to solve the problem? We can use analysis, screening, head-to-tail judgment and so on. For example, the problem-solving requirements of material analysis questions:
The first step is to read carefully and understand correctly. By reading historical materials, we can find the contents of the refraction textbook, choose words carefully and understand them correctly.
The second step is to pay attention to the key words and determine the time and place. According to the whole and key words of historical materials, find out the time and place reflected by historical materials. Determining the time and place is a prerequisite for solving the problem.
The third step, summary, concise and accurate. To answer historical questions, we should summarize a basic viewpoint in concise subject language.
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