Tip 1: Grasp the topic and the central idea.
Articles of any genre have rules to follow. When doing extracurricular reading, if the examinee grasps the theme of the article, he can grasp the soul of the article and the whole article.
Narrative can be divided into writing people, keeping notes, writing scenes, writing things and other types, and the themes of narrative are generally divided into these categories. A brief analysis of the topic is helpful to infer the narrative content and theme of the article, such as how bright in the moonlight at home! . It can be inferred from the analysis of the topic that the central idea of this article should be to express the feelings of missing hometown by describing the bright moon.
The titles of expository texts can often reveal the characteristics of objects or objects, such as the article "The Treasure of China Traditional Culture-Opera". It can be inferred from the title that the object of the article should be China Opera, and the center of the explanation is the characteristics of China Opera. How to grasp the central content of the explanation? Candidates can sort out the structure of the article along the content of the topic, and must pay attention to the general paragraphs and transitional paragraphs. Words or sentences that reflect the characteristics of the object of interpretation can usually be found in such paragraphs.
The topic of an argumentative essay can often reveal the theme or central argument of the article. Such as "talking about tolerance" and "talking about genius", these topics are all issues that the author wants to discuss, that is, topics. Tolerance is a virtue, and genius is extraordinary stupidity. These topics are the author's views on tolerance and genius, that is, arguments. It can be seen that the topic contains arguments, and the argument can be quickly found by analyzing the topic as a clue. Grasping the central argument of an argumentative paper captures the soul of the article.
Tip 2: Read it at least three times from slight to accurate.
Read the article three times: the quality of reading often depends on how much information is captured. There are three foreign language courses for modern Chinese reading in the senior high school entrance examination, and candidates should read any extracurricular reading at least three times.
Skim for the first time and grasp the whole. The second intensive reading, with questions and targeted reading. Change the angle for the third time and check the test paper. If the examinee just reads the article hastily and draws a conclusion to write the answer, it is easy to give up halfway or distort his thinking direction, and it is also easy to forget what he wants to express.
(2) Draw keywords and phrases: When reading a paragraph, candidates can explain the central sentence of each paragraph, the first and last sentences of each paragraph, rhetorical questions and turning sentences in the text; The opening and closing sentences, lyric sentences, scenery description sentences, character description sentences and transitional sentences connecting the preceding with the following; The words that mark the central argument in argumentative papers, such as "I think", "so", "in short", "visible" and "to summarize", are underlined with a pencil, which is beneficial to understanding and analyzing the problem, and at the same time saves the time of repetition and improves the efficiency of answering questions as a whole. Reading for the third time can be quickly browsed according to the underlined part to check whether the answer is accurate.
3 Examining questions from different angles: Many candidates have checked their answers many times and found no mistakes. There are two main reasons: first, some candidates only check the answers and don't look at the second question. Second, always thinking in the same way and from the same angle, of course, you can only get the same result. To prevent this kind of mistake, we should reconsider the question from another angle, avoid the one-sidedness of the answer and correct the mistake in time.
Tip 3: Restore words and find arguments nearby.
In narrative reading and argumentative reading, problems such as understanding a word and grasping the meaning of a sentence are often set. When answering such questions, candidates must bear in mind that "words cannot be separated from words, words cannot be separated from sentences, sentences cannot be separated from paragraphs, and paragraphs cannot be separated from texts".
First, find the source of this word or sentence. Restore words or sentences to the text, and then think about the problem. Only by combining the specific context can we accurately infer the meaning of words and accurately understand the position of sentences in the text. Candidates should never answer questions at first sight, which is easy to take out of context and deviate from the center of the article.
Secondly, don't touch reality at will. When answering questions, some candidates always like to connect with reality. When the reality is inconsistent with the content of the article, they always think that the author of the article is wrong, and then take it for granted to answer questions according to their existing cognition, completely ignoring the article. This is a big mistake.
Third, follow the principle of proximity. In argumentative writing, the question is often set: What is the truth directly proved by a certain word? What is the function of parameter method? When answering, candidates should first pay attention to whether there is a rational word before or after a word. If there is, it is probably the answer. If not, look for the central sentence in the paragraph where a paragraph is located. If there is a central sentence, that is the answer. If not, then find the central argument of the article.
Tip 4: rely on keywords to improve the selection point.
When doing reading questions, some candidates find that the questions are simple and can do them themselves, so they are blindly optimistic and relaxed, and candidates often lose some of the most basic points.
For example, there is a passage in Yangzhou Geyuan, "Yangzhou Geyuan is a famous garden with a unique style. It was built in Jiaqing and Daoguang years of Qing Dynasty. At that time, the garden was full of bamboo, and because the shape of bamboo leaves was like a' kudzu', it was named the garden. There are rockeries in the park in spring, summer, autumn and winter, which are famous for their exquisite stacking. " If you set a question according to this paragraph: What is the reason why this garden is called "Geyuan"? Candidates will find it very easy to answer this question, but it is easy to ignore the most basic point that "the shape of bamboo leaves is like a word." Therefore, the more candidates think that the test questions are easy, the more cautious they should be.
Candidates are especially reminded that the accuracy of the information extracted from the explanatory text is easy to grasp, but the incomplete answer to the information point is a big problem. So, how to filter information comprehensively? Like the example introduced above, as long as candidates notice that there is a word "you" in front of "because the shape of bamboo leaves is very similar to a word", this question will not easily lose points. Therefore, when reading, especially when reading explanatory texts, candidates must pay attention to words such as "you, Huan, Ye, except, and".
Tip 5: Be concise and answer point by point.
There is a lot to write in extracurricular reading. Some candidates often feel lucky, and the answers are written in detail, so that the marking teacher can find the correct answers from them, and the results are often counterproductive. Therefore, candidates should be concise when answering questions. For example, when answering questions such as "please summarize the factual arguments used in the article, or please add a factual argument for the article", candidates can consider the question according to the following ideas: if it is a positive fact, it can be summarized as "What effect did XXX do according to the content of the argument"; If it is a denial of facts, it can be summarized as "what are the consequences of so-and-so not doing what is demonstrated". This not only saves pen and ink, but also captures the excavation point.
Some questions are divided into many points. If the candidates put all the contents together and mix them together, it is not conducive to the marking teacher's marking. In order to avoid unnecessary loss of points, candidates should pay attention to clear thinking when answering such questions. Especially for questions with 3 or 4 points, candidates should indicate the serial number before each answer, so that the marking teacher can grasp several points in the answer at a glance.
Tip 6: carefully examine the questions to avoid losing points.
No matter what kind of reading questions, we should be cautious and carefully see through the key points and test sites of the questions. Note: Correct examination of questions is the basis and premise of correct answers. When reading the questions, we should pay attention to two points: first, we should understand the literal meaning of the questions, and carefully scrutinize and appreciate the keywords; Second, we should understand the implied meaning in the question, and make clear the test sites, proposition requirements and answer directions.
Candidates who fail to carefully examine the questions often lose more points than those who fail to master the knowledge points. If the question makes you find the wrong option and you find the right one; The stem of the question requires you to answer the original sentence, but you summarized it in your own words, which is caused by careless examination of the question. Such candidates often take it for granted when answering questions. Their thinking always stays on the problems they have seen. They always feel that this question is familiar, and then answer it according to their own wishes, and rarely understand the questioner's intention. It's too late to regret after the results are announced. Therefore, the more familiar you are with the questions, the more you should carefully examine the questions to avoid losing points.
Answer skills:
(a) the role of a sentence in the text: 1, the beginning of the text: the opening point; Render the atmosphere (prose), pave the way (narrative), and set suspense (novel, but not tested in Shanghai) as the auxiliary paving way for the following; Below the general collar; 2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; 3. At the end of the article: point out the center (prose); Deepen the theme (narrative); The beginning of a quotation (argumentative, narrative, novel)
(2) The function of rhetoric: (1) its own function; (2) Combined with sentence context. 1, figuratively personified: vivid; Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics. 2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ; Answer format: key+object+feature 3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking; Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics; Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc. 4. Contrast: emphasize … highlight … 5. Repeat: emphasize ... emphasize the tone.
(3) Sentence meaning answer: For such a topic, there is often a word or phrase in the sentence with expressions such as metaphor, contrast, metonymy and symbol. When answering a question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence.
(4) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why? Verb:No. Because this word accurately, vividly and concretely writes the adjective:No. Because this word vividly describes adverbs (such as Du, Da Du, Very Only, etc. ): no. Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts.
(5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why? I can't. Because: (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence). (2) This word corresponds to the above one by one. (3) These words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be interchanged.
(6) Duan Yi Summary 1. Narrative: Answer clearly (when and where) who did what. Format: (time+place)+people+things. 2. Description: The answer clearly explains what the object is and what its characteristics are. Format: explanation (introduction)+explanation object+explanation content (characteristics) 3. Discuss the article: clearly answer what the question is and what the author thinks. Format: What demonstration method is used to prove (demonstrate)+demonstrate?
(7) Expression skills play an important role in the appreciation of ancient poetry. Expression techniques such as allusions, comparison, rendering, communication, comparison, lyricism with things, scene blending, lyricism by borrowing scenery, combination of static and dynamic, combination of reality and falsehood, euphemism, contrast, allegory, symbol, pun, etc. The rhetorical methods commonly used in poetry include exaggeration, parallelism, duality, metaphor, metonymy, analogy, rhetorical question, rhetorical question and repetition. The commonly used terms in analyzing poetry language are: accurate, vivid, vivid, concise, incisive, concise, bright, fresh, novel, beautiful, gorgeous, implicit, simple and natural. When reviewing, we should systematically summarize all kinds of expression skills and reserve relevant knowledge. First of all, we should understand the characteristics and functions of these expressive skills, and then carefully appreciate and analyze them in combination with specific poems. As for evaluating the ideological content of poetry and the author's attitude, it includes summarizing the main idea of the work, analyzing the social reality reflected by the work, and pointing out its positive significance or limitations.
In short, the first step to appreciate ancient poetry is to grasp the content of poetry from the following aspects: 1 Read the title and comments carefully; 2. Analyze the image; 3. Taste the artistic conception; 4 contact the author. Step 2, find out the skills: 1 Grasp the image features; 2. Differentiate expression skills; 3 Explain the expression function. The third step is to evaluate the contents and opinions: 1 summarize the main idea; 2 contact background; 3 distinguish between primary and secondary; 4. Comprehensive evaluation. When answering questions, we should pay special attention to the following points: first, we should stick to the requirements and not generalize; Second, the main points should be complete and should be considered from multiple angles; The third is to scrutinize the terms and strive to be accurate, concise and standardized. Distinguish easily confused terms (1) The artistic method of distinguishing "ways and techniques", also known as expression skills, includes: ① expression: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. (2) Expression techniques: arousing, associating, setting off, suppressing, caring, being positive, symbolizing, contrasting, changing from reality to emptiness, combining reality with reality, using allusions, expressing one's mind directly, expressing feelings by borrowing scenery, blending scenes, expressing ideas by borrowing the past, satirizing the present, turning motion into stillness, combining motion with motion, seeing the big from the small, and getting to the point. Rhetoric: metaphor, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, contrast, analogy, parallelism, rhetorical question, quotation, irony and repetition. (2) The difference between "emotion" and "scenery" is that poets express their feelings through scenery. "Expressing emotion by borrowing scenery" is relatively direct, and the feeling after reading the poem is to see "emotion" but not "scenery"; "Emotion in the scene" and "scene blending". When expressing feelings, there are no words on the front. After reading the poem, I feel that I see the "scenery" but can't see the "emotion". But after careful analysis, it is found that the poet's feelings are all in the natural scenery in front of him, and all the scenery and words are sentimental. (3) Common description angles are: shape, sound, color, state and taste. "Shape" and "color" are perspectives; "Sound" is the angle of hearing; "State" is divided into dynamic and static; "Taste" is the angle of touch.
1, expression, commonly used expressions are narrative, description, discussion, lyric, explanation, etc.
2. Writing skills, candidates should be clear that the narrow sense of writing skills is "expression", and the broad sense refers to all writing skills, such as expression, rhetoric, first suppression and then promotion, symbol, straight to the point, expressing ambition and so on.
3. Rhetoric, commonly used are metaphor, personification, repetition, exaggeration, parallelism, antithesis, contrast, rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions.
4. Linguistic features generally refer to easy-to-understand spoken language, rigorous and elegant written language, vivid, vivid and emotional literary language. When analyzing, it is generally analyzed from rhetoric. Feeling refers to feeling, understanding and comprehension from the heart. Explanatory text of types, things and reasons (content perspective); A simple and vivid exposition (language expression angle).
5. Explanations generally include examples, classification, data list, comparison, definition, explanation, analogy, drawing charts, imitation, etc. (generally three words). Descriptive order, chronological order (program order), spatial order, logical order. When answering questions, candidates can be more specific, such as: spatial order (from top to bottom, from inside to outside, etc. ), logical order (results first, reasons later, step by step, etc. ).
6. The object of description refers to the main person or thing described in the article (generally there is no need to answer the characteristics of people or things). Demonstration methods, reasonable argumentation, factual argumentation, comparative argumentation, figurative argumentation and reduction to absurdity required by middle schools.
7. Demonstration methods, arguments and refutation. Theoretical arguments, including famous sayings, proverbs, formula laws, etc. Factual arguments, all facts, historical facts, data, etc. Concise and concise sentences are generally limited by the number of words. Decent, civilized, polite and humanized. What's the role? The function or benefit of answering something in the article can be considered from three aspects. The first is the content, such as deepening the theme and emphasizing feelings; Second, the structure, such as transition and echo; Third, language, such as fascinating and lively. Ideological nature basically refers to the central idea or theme of an article. Thoughts and feelings, the ideological tendency shown by the author or characters in his works, such as good and evil, likes and dislikes, praise and criticism, etc. The language of poetry is concise and jumping, which is difficult to understand. How should I read it? First, imagine boldly. Imagination is an important feature of poetry. Without imagination, there is no poetry. Therefore, when reading poetry, we should spread the wings of imagination and integrate with the scenery and images in the poem, so as to understand poetry. But reciting the taste over and over again. The rhythm of poetic language is obvious, emphasizing rhythm, and the rhythm of poetic rhythm reflects the fluctuation of the author's emotion. Moreover, the images and emotions of poetry can not be read thoroughly at once. Only by reciting and tasting repeatedly can we understand the artistic conception of poetry. To understand the central meaning of poetry, we should start from two aspects: 1. Know the author's life and background. Who wrote this poem? What was the background at that time? Why did you write this poem? Only by understanding these backgrounds can we deepen our understanding of the content and center of poetry. We should fully feel and understand the meaning of images. Poetry always relies on one thing to express ambition and express emotion. Only by reading aloud repeatedly can we read the meaning, center and emotion of poetry.
Function analysis of sentences in article structure;
1. For the above (or full text): refer to the above, echo from beginning to end, and summarize the above (or full text);
2. For the following: cause the following, pave the way, pave the way;
3. Context: connecting the preceding with the following (transition).
Talk about your own views or experiences according to your own reading experience;
1, in the first person;
2. In the form of 1+2 or 1+3, first summarize your opinions or experiences in one sentence, and then explain the reasons in two or three sentences. You can put the facts, or you can be reasonable. If the topic has relevant requirements, we should also pay attention to combining our own personal experience.
According to the context, fill in the psychological activities:
1, must use the first person;
We must study the specific situation carefully.
Refining center, theme:
Pay attention to the main content of this article, the purpose of the author's writing this article and the thoughts and feelings contained in it. Pay attention to some commonly used words, such as summarizing the main contents, which are generally used as follows: this article describes …, describes …, introduces …, passes through …, and so on. For example, summarizing the writing purpose and thoughts and feelings is generally used as: confession …, expression …, praise …, praise …, expose …, whip …, expose …
Understanding and analysis of the function of words in expository writing;
There are two main types of problems:
A, where is the word "××"?
★ Answer method: Using the word "××" to vividly (accurately) explain the characteristics of things can stimulate readers' interest (in line with the actual situation and scientific).
B. Can the word "××" be deleted?
★ Answer: ① No, the use of the word "××" vividly shows that it can stimulate readers' interest, but it will not have this effect if it is removed.
(2) No, deleting the word "××" makes the meaning of the sentence too absolute; The use of the word "××" accurately shows that it conforms to the actual situation, leaves room and is scientific.
The judgment of the object pointed by demonstrative pronouns in paragraphs (various styles);
1, common pronouns are: this, that, these, those, other, above, so, this ...;
2. Generally look forward;
3. After finding it, read it in the sentence where the pronoun is located to see if it is appropriate.
The main functions of paragraph sentences in the article are as follows: (It must be answered from two aspects: content and structure)
1. Structurally, it follows the top, opens the bottom, guides the bottom (guides the bottom), connects the front and the bottom (transitions), and takes care of the front (starts).
2. Content: Start with the topic, express feelings, highlight the center, deepen the theme, and make the finishing point.
3. Writing methods: atmosphere rendering, supporting objects to express feelings, seeing the big from the small, setting suspense, paving the way for the later article, borrowing scenery to express feelings, supporting objects to express feelings and so on.
Symbolize, support things and express will: make expression euphemistic, implicit, profound and touching.
The function of environmental description: explain the time and place and reveal the background of the times; Render the atmosphere, contrast the characters' emotions, express the characters' personality, and promote the development of the plot.
Word comparison (choose words to fill in the blanks):
1. When comparing the meanings of words, especially words with similar meanings, we must carefully distinguish the differences between the two words in terms of degree, scope of application and emotional color.
2. After choosing a good sentence, you should read the relevant sentences several times and experience them repeatedly.
Analysis of the function and meaning of sentences;
1, this sentence uses the related words "although ... but not only" ... and ... "both of which are used to express the progressive relationship, and both of them are used to emphasize the latter.
3. Evaluation and appreciation of a sentence: We should start from two aspects, first evaluate its writing characteristics and language characteristics, such as rhetoric, expression, language or vivid or beautiful or symmetrical or accurate and rigorous ... and then evaluate the ideological connotation, that is, clarify what views this sentence expresses and what feelings, enlightenment and education it gives you. ...
4. The analysis of the meaning of a sentence can also start with the analysis of keywords, focusing on the meaning of keywords in a specific context.
5. When analyzing a sentence in an explanatory paragraph, it is important to buckle the explanatory content, the characteristics of the explanatory object and the characteristics of the explanatory language (accurate and vivid).
6. When analyzing a sentence in a narrative paragraph, it is important to recognize the specific atmosphere, the feelings expressed and the characteristics of the characters.
Questioner's question 20 10-07-04 12:53
Can you tell me more about the last four, five and six points?
Respondent added 2010-07-0415:18.
4. Understanding the meaning of keywords in a specific context is to explain the meaning of keywords in the context of this sentence, what influence it has on the expression of this sentence, and what feelings the author shows.
5. Explain the analysis of a sentence, and write out what characteristics this sentence shows to the object and content of the explanation, reflecting the language characteristics of accurate and vivid explanation (the last sentence should be written in general, and don't miss it).
6. Narrative analysis of a sentence, first look at what rhetorical devices are used, what effect is there in the content, and then what kind of atmosphere is reflected in writing this sentence, what kind of thoughts and feelings the author shows, and what kind of character characteristics are highlighted.
I hope it helps you.