Allusions: Three visits to the thatched cottage, an arrow borrowed from a straw boat, seven captures of Meng Huo, Longzhong against, and Wuzhangyuan? Idiom: bow to the essence, die before you die, and everything is only due to the east wind? Battle of Red Cliffs? Three-legged? As a traitor? Playing hard to get? Two heads are better than one. A Zhuge Liang, steady as a central account, lined up eight diagrams, specializing in catching flying generals? Do your best? Zhuge Liang frowned-did the plan come to mind? Lu Su got on Kong Ming's boat-confused? Zhuge Liang's empty plan-saving the day? One poem will last forever, but two expressions will shake future generations. Longzhong's three-point strategy surprised the world with four fires. Fighting against five generals, six out of Qishan busy. Seven capture Meng Huogong, the Eight-Sided Fortress is founded on his fame. unparalleled? Like a duck to water? Thirst for wisdom? Seven captures and seven verticals? Long pan Hu ju? Empty city plan? Since Yu was born, why did He Shengliang? Brainstorm? Indifferent to Mingzhi? Take your life? Fulong phoenix chick? Don't be enemies? To cultivate morality by frugality? Self-deprecating? Heavy responsibilities and light talents? Looking after Mao Lu? Freshman? Grass boat plows Nanyang with arrows? In the second year of Jian 'an (AD 197), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother were farming in Longzhong, Nanyang. On weekdays, they often read Liang Fu's songs and compared themselves with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. At that time, people didn't think much of him. Only friends Xu Shu, Cui Zhouping, Meng Jian and Shi Tao believed in his talents. They were called "Wolong". He made friends with Jingzhou celebrities such as Si Mahui, Pang Degong and Huang Chengyan at that time. Huang Cheng. There is an ugly woman with a yellow head and a black head, but she can only match. (I heard that you want to choose a wife, there is an ugly woman in my family with yellow hair and black skin, but her talent can match you.) "Zhuge Liang promised this marriage and married her immediately. People at that time made fun of it as a joke, and the village even made a proverb:" Don't choose a wife for Kong Ming, you will get an ugly woman. "? Longzhong right? At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed troops in a new field. Later, when he visited Si Mahui, he heard him say, "Do Confucian scholars and laymen know the current affairs? People who know the times care about Junjie. There are Fu Long and Feng Chu here. (Those Confucian scholars are people with shallow knowledge. How can they understand the current affairs situation? Only Fu Long (Zhuge Liang) and Feng Chu (Pang Tong) can understand the current affairs situation.) "Later, he was recommended by Xu Shu and wanted to be introduced by Xu Shu, but Xu Shu said," This person can be seen, but he can't be compromised. The general should take care of it in vain. (This person can go to see it, but he can't condescend to come here.) "? Liu Bei went to visit Zhuge Liang himself, only to see Zhuge Liang three times. Liu Bei told others to avoid him and asked Zhuge Liang, "The Han Dynasty has fallen, the traitor has stolen his life, and the Lord is covered with dust. He wants to believe in the righteousness of the world, but his wisdom is short, so he is rampant. As for today, he has not yet achieved his ambition. Do you mean that he will be safe?" Nowadays, the Han Dynasty is declining, and the treacherous court official does things under the guise of imperial orders, and the emperor loses power. I have not measured my virtue and ability, and I want to revive the world with righteousness, but my wisdom and strategy are short and insufficient, so I often fail until today. However, my ambition has not been stabilized. Do you have any strategies to help me? ）”? Zhuge Liang then told him that Cao Cao was not desirable and Sun Quan could help him. It also expounds that the monarchs in Jing and Yi states are weak, and only by owning these two states can they win. He also told Liu Bei about the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This theory was later called Longzhong Right, and Liu Bei praised it even more, so Zhuge Liang began to serve Liu Bei. Liu Bei often talked with him, and the relationship became increasingly close. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were greatly unhappy, and Liu Bei explained to them: "There is a Kong Ming in solitude, but there is water in fish. I hope you don't repeat it. (I have Kong Ming, just like a fish gets water. Cross the river to say? At that time, due to the influence of his stepmother, Liu Qi, the son of Liu Biao, became increasingly unhappy with Liu Qi. Liu Qi valued Zhuge Liang very much, so he asked Zhuge Liang several times for the technique of self-defense. However, Zhuge Liang often refused, and Liu Qi used the method of taking the ladder from the house to make Zhuge Liang tell the solution at a banquet. Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi: "Don't you see that Shen Sheng is in danger, and Zhong Er is safe outside?" You are in danger without seeing Shen Sheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, but can Zhong Er be safe outside? ) "Liu Qi knew what he meant, just as Huang Zu was killed by Sun Jun, Liu Qi was recommended as Jiangxia Prefecture.? In August, 28, Liu Biao died of illness, and his second son, Liu Cong, succeeded to the throne. After hearing the news of Cao Cao's going south, Liu Bei led the army and the people to flee south. Cao Jun caught up with Liu Jun in Changban, Dangyang, and Xu Shu's mother was tricked into Cao Cao's jurisdiction. Xu Shu had to surrender to Cao Cao. Liu Bei arrived in Xiakou, and before Sun Quan, he sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang became friends with Lu Su. After arriving in Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met Sun Quan, and first gave Sun Quan two choices by dichotomy: "If you can compete with China with the people of Wu and Yue, it is better to break off with them as early as possible (if you can compete with the people of Wu and Yue with the country of the Central Plains, it is better to break off diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as early as possible)", and another choice is to provoke him. "If you can't, why don't you put the case in the north and let it go! If you think you can't resist it, why don't you stop military action and surrender to the north! "North" has a double meaning here: one is that Cao Cao was in the north at that time, and the other is that when the monarch and the minister meet, the officials usually face the north. "? Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Zhuge Liang raised Liu Bei's worth, saying that Liu Bei had integrity and would never surrender, in order to show Sun Quan Liu Bei's determination. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei still had to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. First, he said that there were 1, soldiers returning from the army and Guan Yu's water army, plus Liu Qifan's Jiangxia soldiers were no less than 1,. Let's talk about Cao Jun's exhaustion from afar, chasing Liu Beishi, and traveling more than 3 miles a day and a night with a light bicycle. It is precisely "a spent force, and it is impossible to wear Lu Tao"; Moreover, northerners don't learn water warfare, and Jingzhou people are forced to obey Cao Cao, not to be convinced; Finally, it was affirmed that Cao Cao could be defeated. Sun Quan was very happy, and then he was lobbied by Lu Su and Zhou Yu, and decided to unite Liu against Cao Cao. Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and Lu Su were sent to lead 3, water troops to fight Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang went back to Liu Bei with the army. In November, Cao Cao was defeated in Chibi and returned to the north. Foot food and foot soldiers? After Battle of Red Cliffs, in December, Liu Bei pacified the four counties in Jingnan, appointed and removed Zhuge Liang as a military commander, lived in Linxuan, and supervised Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha counties, responsible for adjusting taxes and enriching military assets. In 211, Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang sent Fa Zheng to ask Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei guarded Jingzhou. By next December, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang received 5 Jin of gold, 1, Jin of silver, 5 million yuan of money and 1, pieces of brocade, and was appointed as a general strategist and served in the left general's office. Every time Liu Bei sent troops to attack, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing financial support for Liu Bei, such as the battle of Hanzhong. In 22, Cao Pi usurped Han to stand on his own feet. In 221, his ministers heard the news of the murder of Emperor Xian of Han and persuaded him. Solitary care? In August, 222, Liu Bei was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou in the Eastern Expedition, and retreated to Yong 'an. Zhuge Liang lamented that Fa Zheng was passing away, otherwise Liu Bei's Eastern Expedition would be stopped. By February, 223, Liu Bei was seriously ill, and called Zhuge Liang to Yong 'an to entrust the affairs with Li Yan. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to live a safe country, and you will eventually achieve great things. If the heir can be auxiliary, it will be auxiliary; If you are incompetent, you can get it yourself. (Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will be able to settle down the country and achieve great things in the end. If your adopted son (Liu Chan) can help, help him; If he has no talent, you can take it yourself.) "Zhuge Liang said with tears:" I dare to exhaust my strength and serve the festival of loyalty, and then die! I will do my best to serve the faithful solar terms until I die! ) "Liu Bei wants Liu Chan and other sons to be Zhuge Liang's father, just to be Zhuge Liang's official. In April, Liu Bei died, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, making Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang, and opening a government office. Soon, he led Yizhou animal husbandry, and the size of political affairs, Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang, who decided. Originally, the South China region took the opportunity to rebel because of Liu Bei's crushing defeat, but Zhuge Liang did not send troops first because the country had just lost its monarch, and sent Deng Zhi and Marco to Dongwu to repair it. Southern expedition? Until the spring of 225, Zhuge Liang led an army to the south. Before he left, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Liang a gold cymbal and a song cover, and Yu Bao preached one before and after, with 6 samurai. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: barren is today's northern territory of Myanmar, bhamo) to crusade against Yong Lu and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang took the suggestion of joining the army in Ma Su and focused on attacking the heart. Northern expedition? In March of the fifth year of Literatures (AD 227), Zhuge Liang went to the late ruler to lead an army to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition. He first trained in Hanzhong for about a year, and then attacked the north. Wei Nan 'an (governing Gansu Longxi), Tianshui and Anding (governing Gansu Jichuan) immediately fell to Shu. Wei Mingdi went to Chang 'an to supervise the war, and Cao Zhen supervised the right armies, which was adopted for defense. And Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi led an army according to Jigu (now northwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) as a suspected army, and Zhuge Liang led the main force to attack Qishan in the west. Joining the army, Ma Su led an army as a pioneer, stationed in the street pavilion. Ma Su was badly commanded, and lost the street pavilion. The Shu army lost its stronghold and had to return to Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su, wrote a letter to demote himself to the third level, and took the post of prime minister as a right general. In the winter of the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), Wei Jun attacked Wu in the third way, and Guanzhong was empty. Zhuge Liang led the army to the northern expedition again. The Shu army left the Great Sanguan this time, besieged Chencang for more than 2 days, and ran out of food. In the seventh year of Jianxing (A.D. 229), Zhuge Liang led the army to the North for the third time. The Shu army headed west and returned from Weiwudu and Yinping counties. Zhuge Liang was reinstated as prime minister. In the ninth year of lite (AD 231), Zhuge Liang attacked Wei for the fourth time, and surrounded Qishan with wooden cattle and grain. Sima Yi was the commander in chief of the army to resist. Knowing that the Shu army came from afar and the food logistics was limited, Sima Yi insisted on refusing to go to war. Zhuge Liang ordered Li Yan to be in charge of logistics supply in Hanzhong, but Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang that the emperor ordered him to withdraw. After Zhuge Liang retired, he lied to the court to say that he had withdrawn. In the 12th year of lite (AD 234), in February, Zhuge Liang made the fifth Northern Expedition, and went out of the Oblique Valley with a large army. According to Wuzhangyuan (now 4 miles south of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province), he sent troops this time, and made an appointment with Soochow to attack Wei at the same time. However, Soochow did not send his troops at the same time. Until May, Sun Quancai sent Lu Xun and Zhu Gejin to camp in Jiangxia and Maokou (now Hankou, Hubei Province) Sima Yi, who stayed in the west, insisted on not fighting, and let the Shu army's food retreat. However, when Sun Quan learned of Wei's intention, he thought that his own side had become the main battlefield and suffered losses, that is, he ordered the withdrawal of troops from all fronts. On the western front, Zhuge Liang, in view of past lessons, divided his troops and settled in the field for a long time. In August of this year, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell ill and died in the front, at the age of 54. The Shu army withdrew from all fronts. Liu Chan was useless. The Shu army. Zhuge Liang chronology? [Edit this paragraph]? Age, life and deeds? Guanghe 4 years, 181 years, 1 year old, Zhuge Liang was born in Yangdu, Langxie (now yinan county, Shandong) on April 14th of the lunar calendar in 181. At the age of 9 in 189, Zhongping's mother Zhang died. Chu Ping died at the age of 12 in 192, and Zhuge Jue, Zhuge Liang's father. At the age of 14 in the first year of Xingping, Zhuge Liang, his brother Zhuge Jun and his sister were adopted by his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and his brother Zhu Gejin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother. Xingping 2 years, 195, 15-year-old Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the prefect of Yuzhang, and he and his sister-in-law went to Yuzhang (now Nanchang) with his uncle. Zhuge Xuan died at the age of 17 in 1972, Jian 'an. Zhuge Liang and his sister-in-law moved to Nanyang. At the age of 19 in 1999, Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied with Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror. In the 12th year of Jian 'an, 27, at the age of 27, Liu Bei visited the cottage, and Zhuge Liang said "Long Zhong Dui" to Liu Beichen. Then he went out to help Liu Bei. In the 13th year of Jian 'an, at the age of 28, Zhuge Liang sent an envoy to Dongwu to persuade Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu, to resist Cao. In the 14th year of Jian 'an, at the age of 29 in 29, Zhuge Liang was appointed as a corps commander. 31-year-old Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun guarded Jingzhou in the 16th year of Jian 'an. In the 19th year of Jian 'an, at the age of 34, Zhuge Liang left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, and split up with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to join forces with Liu Bei. Liu Bei captured Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang served as a strategist and general in charge of the left general's office. At the age of 35, Zhuge Liang rectified the internal affairs of Bashu in 2 years of Jian 'an. At the age of 38, Zhuge Liang stayed in Bashu in the 23rd year of Jian 'an and supplied Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong. At the age of 41 in the first year of Zhangwu in Shu, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of "Han", which was called Shu Han or Shu in history. Zhuge Liang served as prime minister. At the age of 43, Liu Bei defeated Baidicheng in 223 of the first year of Jianxing in Shu, leaving Zhuge Liang alone. After Liu Bei died, Liu Chan ascended the throne, making Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang and leading Yizhou as a shepherd. Shu Jianxing 2 years, 224 years, 44 years old Zhuge Liang adjusted the internal affairs of Bashu. At the age of 45, Zhuge Liang led the army to the south in the third year of Jianxing, Shu, and put down the barbarians. Shu Jianxing 5 years 227 years old 47-year-old Zhuge Liang on the "model", stationed troops in Hanzhong, the northern expedition. At the age of 48, in the 6th year of Shu Jianxing's Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su, demoted himself to the right general, and served as prime minister. At the age of 49, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition in the 7th year of Jianxing in Shu, captured Wudu and Yinping, and resumed his position as prime minister. At the age of 5, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition in 8 years of Shu Jianxing. Shu Jianxing 9 years, 231 years, 51 years old Zhuge Liang attacked Qishan in the Northern Expedition, defeated Wei Jun, and killed the famous Wei Zhang He at the wooden door. At the age of 53, in the 11th year of Jianxing in Shu, Zhuge Liang built a mansion in Xiegu to collect food. At the age of 54, in the 12th year of Jianxing in Shu, Zhuge Liang went to the Northern Expedition again and died in Wuzhangyuan. Zhuge Liang-historical evaluation? * Chen Shou: Zhuge Liang is also a prime minister, comforting the people, showing etiquette, making appointments with officials, taking power from the system, being sincere and fair; Although those who are loyal to the times will be rewarded, those who violate the law and neglect will be punished, those who plead guilty and lose their feelings will be released, and those who are eloquent will be slaughtered. Good without reward, evil without fiber without degradation; Ordinary things are concise, physics is the foundation, fame and responsibility are real, hypocrisy is contemptuous; Finally, those who are afraid and love it in the territory of the state, although the criminal law is harsh and have no complaints, admonish Ming with their flat intentions. It can be said that they are good at knowing and managing, and they are inferior to others. However, after years of mobilization, they failed to succeed, so it is not their strong points! ? And prepare for failure, the heirs are young and weak, and they are expert in everything. So they connect with Soochow in the outside, flat South Vietnam in the inside, adopt legislation, organize military travel, and have the skills of machinery. They are extremely thorough in their research, strict in science and education, and will believe in rewards and punishments. As for officials, they can't tolerate rape, and they are self-satisfied, and they don't pick up anything, and they don't invade the weak. Li Shu's recollection is convincing.