(Time: 60 minutes, full mark: 100)
First, multiple-choice questions (2 points for each small question, ***58 points)
1. ornithologists are studying the rank of birds in the life system. What they are studying is ().
A. Individual B. Population C. Community D. Ecosystem
2. Many marine dinoflagellates can emit light, and noctiluca scintillans can also emit light when stimulated by machinery or other stimuli. To complete this life activity, you must rely on ().
A. Nuclear B cytoplasm C protein D cells
3. Most AIDS patients died of microbial infection by other pathogens because ().
A. HIV has a strong reproductive ability, thus producing a large number of golden HIV.
B.HIV virus has strong mutation ability and can form many new types.
C.HIV virus infects and destroys human lymphocytes, leading to the decline of human immunity.
D. the toxicity of other pathogenic microorganisms is much higher than that of HIV virus.
4.4 Death caused. SARS virus mainly infects human body ()
A. Liver cells B. Lung cells C. Lymphocytes D. Blood cells
5. The creatures in the following environment belong to the population ()
A. All the poplars on campus B. All the fish in the river.
C.d. all the locusts on the grass
6. There are about 10 14 cells in adults. There are about 200 different types of these cells, which can be divided into more than 600 types according to the degree of differentiation. But they all have basically the same structure, which means ()
A. Human cells have both diversity and unity. B. Cells are basically the same in structure and function.
C. More than 200 different types are more than 200 different tissues. D. The basic structure of human cells is the same as that of paramecium.
7. The following description of the concept of community is correct ()
A. the overall interaction between organisms and between organisms and the environment B. the sum of individuals of the same species in a certain area
C. The general name of all living things and their living environment in a certain area D. The sum of all kinds of living things with certain relations in a certain area.
8. In addition to viruses, the most basic unit of organism structure and function is ().
A. cell b, tissue c, organ d system
9. A carp, all the carp in the pond, and the structure level of the life system corresponding to the fish pond is ()
A.b. individuals, groups and ecosystems
C. Cells, tissues and organs D. Population, communities and ecosystems
10. The following microorganisms belong to a group of prokaryotes ().
A. Yeast, Staphylococcus aureus, Penicillium and Aspergillus flavus
C. Phage, Escherichia coli D. Lactic acid bacteria, Corynebacterium glutamicum
1 1. Among the following four groups of organisms, the group belonging to eukaryotes is ().
A. Escherichia coli and yeast of Chlamydomonas and Paramecium
C. Tetanus and Plasmodium D. SARS virus and Spirogyra
12. What can't explain the unity of eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is ().
A. Prokaryotes have cell membranes similar to eukaryotic cells. B. the cytoplasm of prokaryotes is similar to that of eukaryotic cells.
C. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have DNA molecules, which control the inheritance of cells.
D. Prokaryotic cells have chromosomes as well as eukaryotic cells.
13. Put the glyph "quotient" under the microscope, and the observed glyph should be ().
14. Under the optical microscope, observe a small point with a diameter of 1mm with a 6-fold eyepiece and a 5-fold objective lens, and see the small point in the field of vision ().
A. the area is 30mm2 B. the diameter is about 30mm C. the area is expanded to 30 times D. the diameter is about 1 1Omm.
15. After changing the low-power lens to the high-power lens, the changes of cell number, cell size and visual field brightness observed in the visual field are ().
A. increase, decrease and brighten B. increase, decrease and darken C. decrease, increase and brighten D.
16. When the eyepiece of the microscope is 10× the objective lens is 10×, the visual field is full of 64 connected meristem cells. If the objective lens is converted to 40 times, the number of meristem cells that can be detected in the field of vision is ()
A.2 B.4 C.8 D. 16
17. In the experiment, if you want to move the object in the upper left corner of the field of view to the center of the field of view, the moving direction of the slide is ().
A. upper left corner B. upper right corner C. lower left corner D. lower right corner
18. The step of observing the load with a high-power microscope is ()
① Turn the converter, remove the low-power objective lens and replace it with the high-power objective lens ② Find the target under the low-power objective lens ③ Move the target to the center of the visual field ④ Adjust the fine-tuning focus screw and reflector until the visual field is appropriate and the object image is clear.
A.②→③→④→①b .②→③→①→④c .②→④→①→③d .③→④→②→①
19. A student observed peanut cotyledon slices under a microscope. When rotating the fine quasi-focal spiral, some cells can be seen clearly, while others are blurred, which is due to ()
A. the mirror is not properly adjusted. The specimen was cut unevenly. Improper adjustment of fine-tuning focus screw. D. Damage of microscope objective lens
20. The following statement about cell theory is wrong ().
A. 1665, British scientist Robert? Hook discovered cells.
B. A cell is an organism. All animals and plants are developed from cells and are composed of cells and cell products.
C cell is a relatively independent unit, which has its own life and plays a role in the whole life composed of other cells.
D. new cells can be produced from old cells.
2 1. All prokaryotic cells have ()
A. ribosomes and mitochondria B. cell membranes and chloroplasts C. endoplasmic reticulum and centrosome D. cell membranes and ribosomes
22. In the following four groups of organisms, the most similar cell structure is ().
A. paramecium, spirogyra, corn, tobacco, poplar and Escherichia coli
C. Pepper, rice and peanuts D. Yeast, phage and soybean
23. The following combination, can reflect the correct degree of life system from simple to complex is ().
① Skin ② Gastric Mucosa ③ Neurons ④ Earthworms ⑤ Intracellular protein ⑤ Virus ⑤ Compounds ⑨ All goats in the same meadow ⑨ All fish in a pond ⑩ All creatures in a forest ⑩ A pond.
A.⑤⑥③②①④⑧⑧②b .③②①④⑧
C.③②①④⑧③①d .③②①④⑧③
24. Robin from Australia? Warren and Barry? Marshall, two scientists, won the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. They found that gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer were all caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. The following statement about Helicobacter pylori is correct ()
A. There are no complicated organelles such as mitochondria and ribosomes in the cell. B. There are pseudonuclei in the cells and chromatin in the nuclei.
C. The substances that make up the cell wall do not contain cellulose, but contain compounds formed by the combination of sugar and protein.
D DNA molecules in cells contain a small amount of protein.
25. Among the following statements about viruses, the correct one is ().
Like other organisms, viruses have a cellular structure. Viruses can usually infect both animal cells and plant cells.
C. the virus only reproduces in the living cells of the host. D. the virus can be cultured on artificially configured culture medium.
26. If you observe the same specimen with the same microscope for 4 times, only adjust the eyepiece, objective lens or fine-tune the focus screw each time, and get the following figure (as shown in the figure). What is the darkest field of vision ()
27. When we do strenuous exercise, our breathing will deepen and our heart will beat faster. This fact shows that ()
A. the various systems of the human body are closely coordinated with each other. B. coordination of human body systems.
C. The human body is a unified whole. All the above three are true.
28. Of the following statements about plant organs, the correct one is ().
A. Every organ that constitutes a plant is independent in structure and function, and has nothing to do with each other.
Any mature plant consists of six organs.
C. Every organ is composed of a tissue, which performs a physiological activity.
D. The plant body of mature green flowering plants consists of six organs.
29. The following microscope operation, the correct is ().
① When aiming, the sun shines on the reflector, and the brighter the field of vision, the better. ② When switching between low power objective and high power objective, it is more labor-saving to pull the objective to rotate. (3) after use, wipe off the water and dirt on the stage with a dry cloth. ④ Before packaging, lower the lens barrel so that the objective lens can be inserted into the light hole. ⑤ When taking and placing the microscope, hold the lens holder with your left hand and the lens arm with your right hand, and handle it gently.
A.①②③ B.①②④ C.③⑤ D.②③④
2. Short answer questions (9 points for 30 questions, 3 1 question 10, 32 questions 14, 9 points for 33 questions, ***42 points)
30. The picture shows the bacterial cell pattern. After careful observation, answer the following questions.
(1) Fill in the name of each part:
①__________________; ②___________________;
③__________________; ④___________________;
⑤__________________; ⑥___________________
(Question 30)
(2) The common part of yeast * * * is _ _ _ _ _, and _ _ _ _ _ is closely related to the inheritance and metabolism of cells. (Fill in serial number)
(3) The unique structure of bacterial cells is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 1. A scientific research group isolated intact mesophyll cells, some of which can produce starch through photosynthesis under suitable conditions; The other part was crushed and cultured under the same conditions, and no starch was found.
(1) The research content of this research group is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ levels in life systems.
(2) The conclusion of this experiment is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) The largest level in the life system is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the smallest level is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
32. Cyanobacteria cells contain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _, which are autotrophs that can carry out _ _ _ _ _ _ _. The vast majority of bacteria are _ _ _ _ or _ _ _ _ heterotrophs. In the cells of cyanobacteria and bacteria, there is no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
33. In the experiment, a student first wiped the lens with clean gauze, then dropped enough water in the center of the clean glass slide, put a small slice of plant tissue, carefully flattened it, placed it in the center of the microscope stage, and pressed it with a spring clip. Then, under the side view of both eyes, lower the objective lens to a distance of 1 ~ 2cm from the slide and stop. Look at the eyepiece with your left eye, and turn the coarse focusing screw at the same time to slowly raise the lens barrel. Please point out the incorrect points in this student's operation:
( 1)_____________________________________________________________;
(2)_____________________________________________________________;
(3)_____________________________________________________________。
Reference answer
First, multiple-choice questions:
1-5 BDCBC 6- 10 ADABD 1 1- 15 ADDBD 16-20 BABBA 2 1-25 DCDCC
26-30
Second, short answer questions:
30.( 1) ① ribosome ② pseudonucleus ③ cytoplasm ④ cell wall ⑤ cell membrane ⑤ flagella.
(2) ①③④⑤ ②
(3) Quasi-nucleus
3 1, (1) cells (2) need cells with complete structure (3) biosphere cells.
32. Chlorophyll-phycocyanin-opalescence vegetative parasitic nuclear ribosomes.
33.( 1) The lens cannot be wiped with clean gauze. (2) The slide is not covered properly. (3) The objective lens has not dropped to a distance of +0 ~ 2 cm from the slide.
(2) The first chapter into the cell
YCY I. Multiple choice questions (2 points for each small question, ***50 points. There is only one correct answer among the four options given in each question)
1. In addition to viruses, the most basic unit of organism structure and function is ().
A. cell b, tissue c, organ d system
2. From the biosphere to the cell, the most basic life system on the earth is ().
A. Cell B. Population C. Ecosystem D. Biosphere
3. The largest ecosystem on earth is ()
A.b. Marine ecosystem
C. Grassland ecosystem D. Biosphere
4. The creature belonging to the same population in the reservoir is ()
A. the sum of all biological individuals B. the sum of all animal individuals
C. the sum of all fish individuals D. the sum of all crucian carp individuals
5. In the following examples, what can't constitute a community example is ()
A. tropical rain forest in Amazon basin B. Korean pine forest in Daxinganling
C, * * * colony D which grows after the sterile medium is polluted, and E.coli colony which grows after inoculation on the sterile medium.
6. Biologists believe that the virus is biological, the main reason is ()
A. It consists of protein and nucleic acid. It can infect other organisms.
C. it can be replicated in parasites to produce offspring. It has a cellular structure.
7. The main medium of AIDS transmission is ()
A. blood and semen B. shaking hands and hugging C. clothes and bedding D. air and things
8. Deciduous broad-leaved forest, lobular forest, shrub and herb community grow in Xishan area of Beijing, and the ecosystem composed of * * * in this area belongs to ().
A. Deciduous broad-leaved forest ecosystem
C. arbor and shrub ecosystem D. grassland ecosystem
9. Population refers to an ecosystem ().
A. the sum of all mature individuals of the same species B. the sum of mature individuals of all species.
C. the sum of all individuals of the same species
10. The unicellular plant Chlamydomonas has a red-eye spot on the front side, which is very sensitive to the intensity of light and can make it swim to a place with suitable light. This phenomenon is biologically called ()
A. reflex B. growth and development C. stress D. cell metabolism
1 1. The ancient lotus seeds dug from the stratum can still germinate and bloom in the mud pond, but the color is slightly different from that of modern lotus seeds. This phenomenon shows that this creature Gulian has ()
A. Hereditary B. Growth, development and reproductive phenomena
C. Adaptability D. Characteristics of heredity and variation
12. Among the following organisms, the one without cell structure is ().
A. yeast B. SARS virus C. cyanobacteria D. Escherichia coli
13. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes. They used to be regarded as plants because they have ().
A. protein B. Nucleic acid C. Carbohydrate D. Photosynthetic pigment
14. The main basis for bacteria and actinomycetes to belong to prokaryotes is ()
A. single cell B. seedless membrane C. binary division and reproduction D. sensitive to antibiotics
15. It is forbidden to produce and sell phosphorus-containing detergents in some cities and regions in China. Phosphate detergent mainly adds sodium tripolyphosphate, and the reason why it is forbidden to use is ()
A. sodium tripolyphosphate will cause white pollution.
B. Sodium tripolyphosphate will precipitate with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in hard water, blocking sewer pipes.
C. Sodium tripolyphosphate will cause eutrophication of natural water, make aquatic plants multiply in large numbers, and make the water quality worse.
D. Sodium tripolyphosphate is expensive and the use cost is high.
16. Statistics show that at least one bird or mammal has disappeared from the earth almost every year since the seventh century, and the main reason why wild animals are on the verge of extinction is ().
A. Natural disasters B. Animal enemies
C. Too many natural enemies D. The destruction of ecosystems by human activities
17. In the process of transforming the low-power mirror of the microscope into a high-power mirror and looking for an object image, the operation process that should not happen is ().
A. turn the trimmer B. Rotating coarse adjuster
C. turn the converter D. Adjust the mirror and aperture.
18. The earliest scholar who observed and recorded the plant cell structure was ().
A. British botanist Brown B. British natural scientist Hooke
C. Dutch biologist Levin Hooke and German botanist Schleiden
19. Cell theory mainly expounds ()
A.b. Types of cells
C.d. Cell diversity
20. A scientist made many continuous slices with living cells, and he drew a comprehensive picture (as shown in the picture). There is reason to think that this cell is most likely ().
A. Virus B. Prokaryotic cells C. Animal cells D. Plant cells
2 1. Who famously said that "all cells come from pre-existing cells" ()
A. Schleiden Wang Shi Darwin Welshaw
22. Among the following photosynthetic organisms, the one whose structure is different from the other three is ().
A. cyanobacteria B. Chlamydomonas C. Moss D. Corn
23./kloc-in the 0/9th century, cell theory and biological evolution theory centered on natural selection were put forward respectively ().
A. Mendel and Darwin B. Schleiden, Wang Shi and Darwin
C Watson and Crick D Schleiden, Wang Shi and Mendel.
24. In the following description, viruses can be distinguished from other microorganisms by ().
A. it can make people, animals and plants sick. B.there is no nucleus, only nucleic acid.
C. parasitism D. multiplication by nucleic acid and protein assembly.
25. When using a microscope to observe specimens, the correct method is ().
A. Open your eyes and observe with your left eye. B. Close your right eye and observe with your left eye.
C. Open your eyes and observe with your right eye D. Close your left eye and observe with your right eye.
Second, non-multiple choice questions
26.( 15) Write down the level of Escherichia coli in the living system:
27.(9 points) The main contents of cell theory are:
( 1) ;
(2) ;
(3) 。
28.(9 points) When observing the slide specimen with a microscope, if the observed object is located in the upper left of the field of vision, it should be
Only by moving the slide can the observed object be located in the center of the field of vision; If the image is on the left, it should be moved to the right and the slide should be moved to the right. Write a letter "b" on the glass slide, and what is observed in the field of view of the microscope is.
29.( 17) Every year, 65438+February 1 is World AIDS Day. By the end of September, 20001year, 28 133 cases of HIV infection were reported in China, including 208 cases of AIDS1case and 64 cases of death. The epidemic situation involves 3/kloc-0 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. According to the estimation of relevant experts, by the end of 200 1, the actual number of infected people in China will exceed 600,000. In recent years, AIDS has shown a rapid growth trend in China. Li Lanqing, Vice Premier of the State Council, stressed that governments at all levels and leaders of various departments should attach great importance to the prevention and treatment of AIDS as a strategic issue related to the rise and fall of the nation and the development of the country, and ensure that the objectives and tasks of the Long-term Plan for the Prevention and Treatment of AIDS in China (1998~20 10) are completed as scheduled. Excuse me:
(1) AIDS is a Chinese translation. The abbreviation of English name is (writing English).
(2) The following statement about AIDS is ()
A. infectious diseases caused by AIDS.
C. Malignant infectious diseases caused by HIV D. Pneumonia, Kaposi's sarcoma and other syndromes
(3) AIDS is generally spread through the following channels ()
A. Diet and breathing B. Blood C. Sweat D. Sexual behavior E. Tears
(4) According to what you know and China's current national conditions, the main measure to prevent AIDS from flowing into China is ().
A. Cut off the route of transmission B. Control the source of infection
C. Protect susceptible people D. Take a bath frequently and pay attention to hygiene.
(5) Please briefly describe the reasons why drug addicts are vulnerable to AIDS.