"Thrift" is a fine tradition of the Chinese nation, and its main merit lies in accumulating limited social resources, so as to prosper the family business and enrich Qiang Bing. Therefore, in the history of our country, many people of insight attach great importance to their own frugality in their lives, and also attach great importance to the "frugality" education for future generations. This spirit of setting an example has become a model for future generations to set an example for educating children. Sima Guang, an outstanding historian in the Northern Song Dynasty, was born as a scholar. He served as an official and gave lectures in Tianzhangge for many times. After being appointed as a servant of Zhong Cheng and Shangshu, he was appointed as the Duke of Wen. He has written a lot, and his masterpiece Zi Tongzhi Jian is a precious historical work of China. His life is very frugal, and his work style is steady and practical. Frugality is the main content of his adopted son's success. There are many touching stories in Sima Guang's life. According to relevant historical records, Sima Guang paid great attention to educating his children to abstain from extravagance and to be careful in their work and life. In Answer to Liu Mengshu, he said that he "looked at the ground and then dared to do it, and then dared to stand. In order to complete this historical masterpiece Zi Tongzhi Jian, he not only hired Fan Zuyu, Liu Shu and Mclynn Killman Liu as assistants, but also let his son Sima Kang take part in the work. Seeing his son scraping the pages with his nails, he was very angry and taught him the experience and methods of caring for books seriously: before reading, clean the desk and spread the tablecloth; Sit up straight when reading; When turning a page, you should first lift the edge of the page with the thumb side of your right hand, and then gently cover it with your index finger to turn a page. He warned his son that businessmen should save more money and scholars should take good care of books. In order to realize the ideal of writing books and learning from the classics to govern the country, he worked tirelessly at 15, often working with illness. His relatives and friends advised him to "save trouble", and he replied: "The king said that life is better than death. "This life-and-death work lifestyle has deeply inspired my son and colleagues. In terms of life, Sima Guang is frugal, "clothing keeps out the cold and food fills his stomach all his life", but he "dare not overcorrect by despicable means". He often teaches his son that adequate food leads to luxury, while abundance leads to luxury. In order to let his son know the importance of nobility and thrift, he wrote an article about thrift in the form of a letter from home. In the article, he strongly opposes luxury in life and strongly advocates frugality and simplicity. In the article, he clearly pointed out: First, he was dissatisfied with luxury and bad habits. He said that the ancients regarded frugality as a virtue, but today people are ridiculed for frugality, which is really unacceptable. He also said that in recent years, customs have declined, and attention has been paid to ostentation and extravagance. Servants wear clothes similar to those of literati, and farmers in the fields also wear silk shoes on their feet. In order to reward the club members "Hengyue Camp", we have done many things. He hated this bad habit, so he sighed: "People who live in places can't ban it, but they can help! "Second, advocate the virtue of thrift. In Renzong, Sima Guang praised Song Zhenzong, Li Gang, Lu Zongdao, Zhang Wenjie and other officials for their frugality, and quoted Zhang Wenjie's words for his son: "From frugality to luxury, it is difficult to be frugal again", warning his son that this wise saying is "the foresight of great sages is beyond the reach of mediocrity. Then, he quoted Yu Sun, a doctor of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, as saying, "Thrift is a virtue. "This is a waste and a great disaster." Then, he expounded the relationship between morality and thrift dialectically and in detail. He said: "People who speak virtue come from thrift. A thrifty husband has few desires. If a gentleman has no desire, he will not do anything. If he can be straight, he will be straight. If the villain has nothing to ask for, he can use it with caution, which is far from being a heinous crime. " On the contrary, "luxury leads to more desires." If a gentleman wants more, he will be greedy for money, and he will waste his way and suffer quickly; If the villain wants more, he asks for more, and he loses his family. Third, teaching children is not extravagant to maintain family order. In order to educate his son about the dangers of luxury, Sima Guang often lists historical events in detail as a warning. He once said to his son: In the Western Jin Dynasty, he never "spent a lot of money every day until Sun Yi became arrogant and spilled the whole family". Shi Chong "praised people with luxury and died in the East City. "In modern times, Kou Zhun lives a luxurious life." His children and grandchildren are poor now. Sima Guang has always told his children: study hard, work hard and be thrifty. On the surface, it is not a major event in governing the country. However, it is essentially the foundation of rejuvenating the country. It is these moral qualities that can cultivate self-cultivation, maintain family order, and even rule the country and level the world. Sima Guang's epigram about "from frugality to extravagance, from extravagance to frugality" has become a world-famous saying. Under his education, his son Sima Kang knew the importance of thrift and self-discipline from an early age. He used to be a school bookkeeper, a teacher and a lecturer. He is also known for his erudition, honesty and frugality. Today, our life is richer than ever before. But we have just got rid of poverty and just set foot on the steps of prosperity, and we are not really rich. However, in real life, some young parents are ostentatious, ostentatious and extravagant. This kind of uncontrolled waste spreads like an infectious disease in society and deeply affects the next generation. "Thrift" is our magic weapon to rejuvenate the country, and profligacy will definitely harm our family business and our country. Therefore, for the prosperity of our family business and the prosperity of our country, we must strive to cultivate and educate our next generation to establish a noble sentiment of thrift. Only in this way can we have a tomorrow and our nation can flourish.

Sima Guang (10 19— 1086), born in Shanzhou (now Xiaxian, Shanxi) in the Northern Song Dynasty, was a famous historian in ancient China. After 19 years' unremitting efforts, this masterpiece Zi Zhi Tong Jian was finally completed in Yuanfeng 7 years (1084), which mainly summarized the positive and negative experiences and lessons of historical rulers. Politically, Sima Guang was conservative, strongly opposed Wang Anshi's political reform supported by Zong Shen, and retired for a long time. After Song Shenzong's death, he was called to Beijing to preside over state affairs and abolish Wang Anshi's new political reform policy. After Sima Guang's death, he was canonized as Duke Wen and buried in his hometown Xia County. Enter the DPRK as an official

Sima Guang was born in November of the third year of Tianxi in Song Zhenzong (10 19). At that time, his father Sima Chi was the magistrate of Guangshan County in Gwangju, so he was named "Guang". According to historical records, Sima Guang was smart and eager to learn when he was young, and especially loved Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals. He often "never put down his book until he was hungry." He can not only recite Zuo Zhuan skillfully, but also clearly outline the history of more than 200 years. He likes reading, is eager to learn and has a choice. He doesn't like Buddhism and his later years, and he is very interested in history.

In the early years of Song Renzong Baoyuan (1038), Sima Guang was admitted to imperial academy at the age of 20. He was first appointed as a junior official of Feng Lilang and Dali. Recommended by Pang Ji, the envoy of the Tang Dynasty, he entered the collation pavilion in Beijing and learned that he was in the imperial court of the Ministry of Rites and changed his sentence to Bingzhou. In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), it was upgraded to a shared house. After Zongshen acceded to the throne, he worshipped the Hanlin bachelor.

Politically, Sima Guang is a conservative leader. He stubbornly adhered to the dogma of "the law of ancestors cannot be changed" and tried his best to oppose and obstruct Wang Anshi's political reform. When Zongshen was ready to appoint him as the deputy special envoy of the Council, he insisted on not accepting it and threatened to abolish the new law. As an old friend, he also wrote to Wang Anshi for three transgressions and five times, criticizing his political reform as "invading officials and causing troubles, and refusing to remonstrate", which caused "the whole world to complain and slander" and was severely refuted by Wang Anshi. In the third year of Xining (1070), Sima Guang saw that the new law was imperative and asked himself to leave Beijing to join the Yongxing Army. In the second year, he went to Luoyang and served as the secretariat of the two capitals. Concise and clear

Sima Guang's political conservatism is undeniable. But he is honest, upright, humble and upright, and does not like extravagance, but his character is also recognized. Many short stories about him are recorded in the history books and handed down as beautiful stories. Even his political opponent, Wang Anshi, admires his moral character and is willing to be his neighbor.

Sima guang dares to speak frankly and does not flatter; He is loyal to the traitor, not for himself. In an article "The Inscription of the Court of Advice", he asked to be an admonition officer "to be ambitious and meticulous, and to be anxious first and then slow down; Patent country, not for personal gain. People who pursue fame are still eager for profit. What a difference! " He once said that nothing he has done in his life can't be told to others. His integrity and frugality have always been praised by the public. Emperor Renzong left a will before his death and presented Sima Guang and other ministers with a batch of gold and silver treasures. Sima guang received the book and stated that the country was poor and did not ask for a reward. However, it failed several times. In the end, he gave his share to the censor as a public expense. When he was working in Luoyang, he bought land and built a "unique paradise" for living, reading and sightseeing. He is very satisfied with this. But when the emperor's envoy came to the house to ask him about politics, he secretly laughed at the low tile house and the separate furnishings. He couldn't believe that the world-famous "Sima Xianggong" would be so poor! After Sima Guang's wife died, there was no money for the funeral. His son Sima Kang and his relatives advocated borrowing some money to make the funeral more ostentatious. Sima Guang disagreed that educating his son to be frugal should be the most valuable thing in life, and he should not always borrow money. Finally, I pawned my own land and arranged the funeral in a hurry. This is the story of Sima Guang's classic wife burial, which is circulated among the people. I worked hard on Tong Jian.

Sima Guang's most outstanding contribution in the history of China was to preside over the compilation of the immortal historical masterpiece Zi Tongzhi Jian, and his name will remain in the cultural history of the Chinese nation forever with this work.

Sima Guang was diligent and studious since he was a child, and he was proficient in classics and history. After he became an official, he also insisted on reading, paying special attention to the study of historical books of past dynasties. He was proofreading books in the library. When he was an assistant lecturer in Tianzhangge, he saw that the bookshelves were full of history books, and several rooms could not fit them. Such a huge collection of history books in the hands of one person and another is invisible to a person who has spent his whole life. So he gradually developed a systematic and concise general history so that people can understand the ups and downs of thousands of years of history after reading it. His idea was approved and supported by Liu Shu, a good friend and historian, so during Jiayou years, Sima Guang began to compile and work Tongzhi in his spare time.

In the third year of Zhiping (1066), Sima Guang presented his own Tongzhi to Yingzong. Tongzhi, a total of eight volumes, describes the rise and fall of Qin, Chu, Qi, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei from the 23rd year of King Lie of Zhou (403 BC) to the 3rd year of Qin Ershi (207 BC) for the emperor's reference. Yingzong was very satisfied after reading it, and asked him to continue writing, and wrote to set up a bookstore to offer sacrifices and increase staff to specialize in writing. Sima Guang was deeply moved and soon set up a bookstore in Youmen Secret Pavilion, and invited famous historians such as Liu Ban, Liu Shu and Fan Zuyu to discuss the purpose and outline of the book. Liu Ban wrote Han Dynasty, Liu Shu wrote Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Fan Zuyu wrote Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, and finally Sima Guang composed music, written by Sima Kang, the son of Sima Guang.

In the second year, Yingzong died of illness, and Zongshen acceded to the throne and held a banquet. He read Tongzhi in your Ying Ge. He thought Tongzhi was easier to read and learn from than other historical books, so he summoned Sima Guang, praised him greatly, and gave him the name Zitongzhijian, saying that it "has the resources to govern Tao in view of the past" and personally wrote it for Zitongzhizhi. This further promoted the compilation and revision of this history book. In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Zi Tong Zhi Jian was finally completed, which lasted 19 years.

As a Mirror from the History of China, it is the first chronological general history, which records the rich historical facts from the 23rd year of the King of Zhou Dynasty (403 BC) to the 6th year of Zhou Xiande (959) after the Five Dynasties. There are 294 volumes in the book, 30 volumes in the catalogue and 30 volumes in textual research. This book is rich in materials and full of pitfalls. In addition to the official history, more than 320 kinds of unofficial history magazines are used, and the selection of historical materials is very strict, trying to identify similarities and differences and seeking truth. Therefore, the content of the account is more accurate and credible, and it has been highly praised by historians of past dynasties. The text of Tong Jian is based on Xun Yue's Han Ji, which strives to be concise, vivid and fluent, simple and refined, and full of literary meaning. Not only can it be read as a historical work, but some chapters can also be appreciated as a literary work.

Sima Guang devoted a lot of effort in compiling Zi Tong Zhi Jian for nineteen years, especially in Luoyang for fifteen years, and devoted almost all his energy and effort. He said in Zi Zhi Tong Jian: "I am so tired now, my eyes are dim, my teeth are missing, and my knowledge is failing. At present, I am what I call turning around and forgetting. My energy is on this book. " Sima Guang often forgets to eat and sleep for compiling books. Sometimes the family can't wait for him to come back for dinner, so they send the meal to the bookstore and urge him to eat it several times. The manuscript he revises every day is more than ten feet long, and there is not a cursive word on it. His house is low and narrow, it is sultry and embarrassing in summer, and the manuscript is soaked with sweat. Later, he asked craftsmen to dig a big pit in the study and build a "basement". He devoted himself to compiling books in this warm winter and cool summer place. His evaluation of historical materials is extremely serious, traced back to the source, repeatedly scrutinized and constantly revised. After the compilation of Tong Jian, the unused manuscripts stored in Luoyang are piled up in two rooms, which shows how much effort he has devoted to this book! Re-adjudicate and repeal the new law

In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen died, and Zhezong, who was under ten years old, acceded to the throne. Empress Xuanrentai listened to the state affairs, and Sima Guang was appointed as the magistrate of Zhou Chen. When passing through the capital, he was left as an assistant minister, and the following year he was promoted to a left assistant minister, who managed state affairs together with Lv Gongzhu (right assistant minister). After Sima Guang came to power, he began to reject and crack down on reformists, and came to the table one after another to completely abolish the new law.

In September of the first year of Yuan You (1086), Sima Guang died at the age of 68. The court gave him titles such as "Taishi" and "Duke Wen", and sent commissioners to help the coffin be transported back to Xiaxian for burial.