Socrates’ philosophical thoughts are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Mind

Starting from the wise man, ancient Greek philosophy focused on nature itself. The research has shifted to focus on the study of social ethics and people. But they only stay at the perceptual stage and can only draw relativistic conclusions. It was not until Socrates that this situation fundamentally changed.

Socrates asked for a "spiritual turn", turning philosophy from the study of nature to the study of self, which is what people often said later, pulling philosophy back from heaven to earth.

2. Soul

Socrates’ theory on the soul further makes the differentiation between spirit and matter clearer. Philosophers before Socrates had already said that the soul is immortal, and there were already the seeds of the opposition between idealism and materialism.

3. Truth

According to Aristotle, Socrates gave up studying the natural world, wanted to seek universal truth on ethical issues, and began to seek truth for things. definition.

4. Dialectics

Socrates believed that all knowledge arises from problems. The more progress we seek, the more problems we encounter. The more problems we have, the greater our progress will be. Socrates admitted that he himself had no knowledge, and he wanted to teach others knowledge.

5. Education

Socrates has been engaged in education throughout his life, has rich practical experience in education and has his own educational theory. But he didn't start his own school.

6. Ethics

Socrates established an ethical thought system in which virtue is knowledge, the center of which is to explore the purpose of life and virtue. He emphasized that people should understand the universal laws of social life and "know themselves."

It is believed that the various beneficial or harmful purposes and moral norms that people obtain in real life are all relative. Only by exploring the concept of universal and absolute good and grasping the true knowledge of the concept can we People's highest purpose in life and the highest virtue.

7. Debate

Socrates often debated with others. During the debate, he used question-and-answer formats to help the other party correct and abandon their original misconceptions and help them generate new ideas.

8. Governance

Socrates advocated the theory of expert governance. He believed that all walks of life and even national political power should be managed by trained, knowledgeable and talented people, and opposed Democracy implemented by lottery.

Extended information:

Socrates’ famous saying:

1. Many runners fail because they fail in the last few steps.

2. Tribulation and hardship are the highest institutions of learning for tempering one’s character.

3. For philosophers, death is the final self-realization. It is a desirable thing because it opens the door to true knowledge. The soul is freed from the fetters of the body and finally realizes the visual realm of the bright kingdom of heaven.

4. The happiest thing in the world is to fight for your ideals. Philosophers tell us that the joy of "doing good" comes from morality. Those who strive for their ideals will surely achieve this kind of happiness, because the essence of ideals contains moral value.

5. Reasonable education and training can bring benefits, while losing reason will bring harm.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Socrates