I. Significance of the Nuclear Safety Law:
1. Strict standards. This law clearly establishes a system of nuclear safety standards from high to strict. There is no highest standard on nuclear safety, only higher. In accordance with scientific and technological progress and economic and social development, we will constantly improve nuclear safety standards to ensure that nuclear accidents do not occur.
2. Strict system. The site selection, design, construction and operation of nuclear facilities, nuclear materials and related radioactive wastes shall be subject to the whole process, whole chain supervision and risk prevention and control, leaving no dead ends or gaps.
3. Strict supervision. The Nuclear Safety Law stipulates that "the State Council nuclear industry authorities, energy authorities and other relevant departments shall be responsible for nuclear safety management within their respective functions and duties", the State Council nuclear safety supervision and management department shall be responsible for nuclear safety supervision and management, and the State Council shall report nuclear safety work to the National People's Congress and accept people's supervision. The development department and the supervision department have a scientific division of labor, joint defense and control, and comprehensive support to form a joint regulatory force to jointly ensure nuclear safety.
4. Severe punishment. There are 94 articles in this law, of which legal liability accounts for a large part, and the maximum fine is 5 million yuan. In addition to fines, some punishment measures such as stopping construction and stopping production for rectification have been set up. In addition to punishing enterprises, punishment measures are also set for the executives and directly responsible personnel of enterprises. The Nuclear Safety Law clearly requires that offenders be severely punished to ensure that nuclear safety is inviolable. Increase the legal responsibility of enterprises by increasing the amount of fines and illegal costs.
2. What is the complexity of nuclear safety?
1. Nuclear power plant is the most complex energy system ever designed by human beings. No matter how it is designed and tested, no complex system can guarantee that it will never go wrong. Stephanie Cook reported that:
2. The nuclear reactor itself is a very complicated machine, and there are countless parts that may go wrong. 1979 when the Three Mile Island nuclear accident happened, the wrong chain of the nuclear world was also exposed. One mistake will lead to another, and then a series of mistakes will be triggered one after another until the reactor core begins to melt, when the most trained nuclear engineers in the world are at a loss. The accident exposed the defect of the system, that is, the protection of public health and safety was not considered.
3. Another fundamental problem about the complexity of nuclear power generation system is the long life cycle of nuclear power plants. It may take 100 to 150 years from the construction of a commercial nuclear power plant to the safe recovery of its last batch of radioactive waste.
Legal basis: People's Republic of China (PRC) (China) Nuclear Safety Law.
Article 2 This Law is applicable to activities that take safety measures such as prevention, protection, mitigation and supervision of nuclear facilities, nuclear materials and related radioactive wastes in People's Republic of China (PRC) and other sea areas under its jurisdiction in order to prevent nuclear accidents caused by technical reasons, man-made reasons or natural disasters and reduce the radiation consequences of nuclear accidents.
Nuclear facilities refer to: (1) nuclear power plants and devices such as nuclear power plants, nuclear thermal power plants and nuclear steam heating plants; (2) Research reactors, experimental reactors, critical devices and other reactors except nuclear power plants; (3) Nuclear fuel cycle facilities such as nuclear fuel production, processing, storage and reprocessing facilities; (4) Facilities for the treatment, storage and disposal of radioactive waste. Nuclear materials refer to: (1) uranium -235 materials and their products; (2) Uranium -233 materials and their products; (3) Plutonium -239 material and its products; (4) Other nuclear materials that need to be controlled according to laws and administrative regulations. Radioactive waste refers to the waste produced by the operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities that contains or is contaminated by radionuclides, and its concentration or specific activity is greater than the clean and uncontrolled level determined by the state, and it is expected that it will no longer be used.
Article 3 The State adheres to a rational, coordinated and progressive concept of nuclear safety, strengthens nuclear safety capacity building and ensures the healthy development of the nuclear cause.
Article 4 The nuclear industry must follow the principle of ensuring safety. Nuclear safety work must adhere to the principles of safety first, prevention first, clear responsibility, strict management, defense in depth, independent supervision and comprehensive guarantee.