I. Benevolence:
"Benevolence" is the core of Confucius' thought of "Four Governance". There are 104 references to benevolence and 107 references to gentlemen in The Analects of Confucius. The concepts of "human" and "benevolence" are often used. Confucius said, "A benevolent person is also a great relative." It means that the so-called benevolence is human nature, and the closest relative is the greatest benevolence.
Second, rule by virtue:
It is to advocate the idea of "ruling the country by virtue and loving the people". Confucius said that "rule by virtue is like Beichen, living in its place, and all the stars arch it." It means that those who pursue moral politics, the people accept the rule wholeheartedly like the stars around Polaris.
Third, rule by courtesy:
It is to advocate governing the country in a "ritual" way. Confucius believes that it is necessary to govern the country with courtesy. In The Analects of Confucius, there are 74 records about etiquette. Confucius said, "Serve the country with courtesy, not govern the country with courtesy, and cultivate one's morality with courtesy without humiliating the country", which means that courtesy is the law of governing the country, as important as scales, ropes and rules; Governing a country without "courtesy" is like plowing a field without a hoe.
Fourth, the rule of man:
On the issue of governing the country, Confucius attached great importance to the personal exemplary role of the rulers and put forward that governance is for the people.
Confucius believes that under the rule of propriety, nobles at all levels have relatively independent sovereignty, and the role of individuals is more prominent; To implement "ruling the country by virtue", we must take virtue as the premise, otherwise we will not be able to exert the effect of moral influence. Therefore, Confucius particularly emphasized the importance of rulers setting an example.
Confucius' famous saying
1, I want to stand up and stand up, I want to achieve it.
2. The beauty of a gentleman as an adult is not the evil of an adult, but the beauty of a villain.
3, the so-called sincere people, do not deceive themselves, such as bad stench, such as lust, this is called self-modesty, so gentlemen must be cautious.
4. The politician is right and the son is handsome. Who dares to be wrong? If it is wrong, the people will serve; If the mistake is wrong, the people will not accept it.
5, good gifts, people dare not disrespect; If you do righteousness, the people will not dare to refuse; If you believe, the people will not dare to be ruthless.
6, angry and forget food, happy and forget worry, I don't know that old age is coming to the clouds.
7. In a threesome, there must be a teacher, choose the good one and follow it, and change the bad one.
8. Learn from time to time, what's more? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Isn't he a completely moral person? Although people may not pay attention to him, he won't feel uneasy.
9. Can you speak French? Change it to Cheng Gui.