The six allusions in "Born in sorrow, died in happiness" are:

1. Shun was appointed from farming in the fields

Shun in history When farming in the mountains, be humble and accommodating to others, and do not compete with others for the field boundaries. Because of his noble moral character, he is quite popular among the people. People are willing to live close to him, and they gather into a village in two or three years.

Yao, the leader of the tribal alliance, was old and wanted to choose his successor. Everyone unanimously recommended Shun. So Yao married his two daughters Ehuang and Nvying to Shun, and asked nine attendants to serve on Shun's side to observe Shun's character. He also asked Shun to be in charge of the Five Codes, manage hundreds of officials, and be responsible for welcoming guests. Let’s examine Shun’s talents.

After inspection, Yao was very satisfied with Shun and believed that Shun was indeed a man of good character and ability, so he gave up his position as leader to Shun. After Shun took over, he was diligent and frugal. He still worked like the people and gained everyone's trust.

After Shun succeeded to the throne of the tribal alliance, he selected talents and appointed Yu to control the floods, completing Yao's unfinished business; he rectified the etiquette system, lightened penalties, and unified weights and measures; he patrolled the four directions and asked people to be filial. Parents, harmonious neighbors. Under Shun's rule, the government was conducted well and the people were happy. Guests from all directions were convinced, and the world praised Shun's great achievements.

2. Fu Yue was appointed from the work of building the wall

Fu Yue was born a slave, but he was talented, diligent in learning, good at thinking, and ambitious. Because Fu Yue had mastered many production technologies, he was especially famous for his invention of the "block building method" in controlling floods. He also understood many human philosophies and had strong organizational skills. So Fu said to become a leader among slaves.

Fu Yue has a lot of insights into national affairs, but as a slave who makes blocks and builds road protection, Fu Yue has talents but cannot put them to use. Once, at a construction site, when Fu Yue analyzed the rights and wrongs of the current dynasty and bluntly criticized the Shang royal family, he was overheard by Wu Ding, the Shang king who traveled here as a commoner.

Wuding, the king of Shang, was a king who worked hard to govern. Before he came to the throne, he used to live among the people at the bottom and had a better understanding of the actual situation in society. After inheriting the throne, he was dissatisfied with the extravagance of the royal family, the strife between the nobles, and the declining power of the country. Wu Ding admired Fu Shuo very much and worked with him. During the conversation, he learned many strategies for governing the country from Fu Shuo.

Wu Ding wanted to summon Fu Yuo to the court immediately, but Fu Yuo was born a slave. If he rashly made Fu Yuo prime minister, it would inevitably cause great dissatisfaction among the slave-owning nobles. In order to eliminate interference, soon after returning to the court, Wu Ding pretended to be "mandated by fate" and said that he dreamed of a saint at night, and the saint said that there was a wise man somewhere. So Wu Ding sent people to Fu Yanshan to find Fu Yue, and pretended to be the wise man mentioned by the saint in the dream. It seemed that Fu Yue was a god-given saint to assist in politics, and the ministers who believed in destiny did not dare to object.

After Fu Yue became prime minister, he assisted Wu Ding and vigorously reformed politics. Fu said that he vigorously promoted the New Deal, and Wu Dingyan followed his advice, starting from rectifying the imperial court and starting from the royal family to rectify corruption. As a result, politics improved, order inside and outside the court was in order, domestic vitality was restored, class conflicts were alleviated, the country became rich and powerful, Shang's power was revived, and for a time it became the most powerful country in the east of the world.

3. Jiao Ke was appointed from selling fish and salt

Jiao Ke was originally the last king of the Shang Dynasty, the cruel and mediocre king of Shang Zhou. Because of the chaotic government, he became anonymous and became a hawker selling fish and salt. Jiao Ke worked very hard in the process of selling fish and salt, and was finally discovered by King Wen of Zhou Dynasty, who planned to make him an important minister. But Jiao Ke did not enter the Zhou Dynasty with King Wen of Zhou Dynasty. Entrusted by King Wen of Zhou Dynasty, he stayed in the Shang Dynasty as an internal response, mainly doing the work of instigating rebellion.

Later, Jiao Ke became an official of the Shang Dynasty and served as a member of the imperial mission to the Zhou Dynasty. The mission was headed by Wei Zi, the brother of King Zhou of Shang. At that time, King Wen of Zhou had passed away and his son King Wu of Zhou was in power. King Wu of Zhou mobilized Weizi and others to rebel against the merchants and help Zhou, promising that Weizi would become a prince and Jiao Ge would become an official. Weizi and Jiao Ke agreed.

Soon, King Wu of Zhou attacked King Zhou with 50,000 troops. After Weizi learned that King Wu had sent troops, he immediately ordered Jiao Ge to contact King Wu of Zhou. King Zhou assembled 700,000 people to fight against King Wu of Zhou in Muye. Due to the rebellion work of Wei Zi, Jiao Ge and others, many Shang armies turned against each other at the beginning of the battle and attacked King Zhou. King Zhou's army of more than 700,000 people quickly collapsed. King Zhou was defeated, fled back to the capital and burned himself to death. Shang was destroyed. After King Wu of Zhou established the Zhou Dynasty, Jiao Ge was appointed as an important minister.

4. Guan Yiwu was rescued from the prison officer and appointed

Guan Yiwu was Guan Zhong. Guan Zhong and his close friend Bao Shuya were the two sons of the Qi royal family, Jiu and Xiaobai respectively. teacher. During the reign of King Xiang of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, an important minister, killed King Xiang, slaughtered the royal family, and established himself as king. The state of Qi was in chaos. Jiu and Xiaobai fled to Lu and Ju respectively. A year later, Gongsun Wuwu was killed again, leaving Qi without a king for a while. The fugitive princes Jiu and Xiaobai both wanted to return to the country as soon as possible to seize the throne.

In order to make the young master Jiu the king, Guan Zhong intercepted the young master Xiaobai on the way, suddenly shot Xiaobai with his bow, and Xiaobai fell down pretending to be dead. Guan Zhong thought Xiaobai was dead, so he quickly retreated with his troops. With the help of Bao Shuya, the young master Xiaobai returned to the state of Qi first and ascended the throne. He became the famous Duke Huan of Qi in history.

After Duke Huan of Qi came to the throne, he sent troops to the state of Lu, forcing the state of Lu to kill Prince Jiu. At the same time, he also wanted to kill Guan Zhong who shot him. Bao Shuya tried his best to dissuade him, pointing out that Guan Zhong was a genius in the world, and asked Qi Huan Gong to think about the prosperity of Qi, forget old grievances, and reuse Guan Zhong. Duke Huan of Qi, who was always ambitious, accepted the suggestion and decided to take Zhong back to his country. Fearing that Lu would kill Guan Zhong, Duke Huan of Qi threatened to avenge himself by killing Guan Zhong to relieve his hatred. He asked Lu to capture Guan Zhong alive and send him to Duke Huan of Qi, and then Qi withdrew his troops.

Although the Lu State understood Guan Zhong's talents, the Qi State troops pressed on the border. The frightened King of Lu State did not think much for a moment and ordered Guan Zhong to be captured, put into a prison cart, and handed over to the Qi State Prison. The officer brought it back. Guan Zhong was put into a prison cart and returned to Qi with his envoys. On the way back to Qi, Guan Zhong was afraid that Lu would change his mind, so in order to make the escorts speed up, he improvised an exciting song and taught them how to sing.

After returning to the state of Qi, Duke Huan of Qi immediately worshiped Guan Zhong as the prime minister of the country. Guan Zhong was able to display all his talents and carry out a series of reforms. Guan Zhong used his excellent strategies to make the people of Qi rich, the country rich, and the army strong. With the assistance of Guan Zhong, Duke Huan of Qi became the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. Because Guan Zhong made immortal contributions in helping Duke Huan of Qi establish his hegemony, he was honored as "Father Zhong" by Duke Huan.

5. Sun Shuao was appointed from his seclusion by the seaside

Sun Shuao’s father, Chiang Jia, served as a Sima of Chu State. Later, he offended the prime minister of Chu State, Zi Yuejiao, and was killed. In order to escape the persecution of Zi Yuejiao, Sun Shuao fled with his mother to a remote place called Qisipan Township. Sun Shuao Shao was known for his intelligence and kindness. When he grew up, he lived in seclusion by Mengze Lake and made a living by farming.

The prime minister of Chu State, Yu Qiu, knew that he was a virtuous man, so he recommended him to King Zhuang of Chu, hoping that he would take over his position. King Zhuang of Chu agreed to Yu Qiu's request and appointed Sun Shuao as prime minister of Chu when his three-month probation period expired.

Sun Shuao worked hard for the country and the people, worked hard to educate the people, strictly enforced laws, governed with justice, governed with care, showed consideration for the people's sentiments, and implemented many policies that benefited the people's livelihood. He ruled Chu for three years, and the state of Chu entered its heyday and began to compete with the then overlord Jin for supremacy. He assisted King Chuzhuang, the overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period, to defeat the Jin army, and helped King Chuzhuang achieve the great cause of hegemony. Therefore, King Chuzhuang became one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period.

6. Bailixi was redeemed from the slave market and appointed

Bailixi was poor and destitute in his early years, and lived in Qi, Zhou, Yu, Guo and other countries. Unable to hold an official position due to hardships. Later, Baili Xi was transferred to the State of Yu as a doctor. Later, after the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Guo State, they destroyed the Yu State on their way back, and Yu Jun and Baili Xi were captured. Soon, Duke Xian of Jin married his daughter to Duke Mu of Qin, and Baili Xi was sent to Qin as a dowry retainer. He was ashamed of this and fled to his hometown Wan on the way. He was captured at the border of Chu State. The king of Chu asked him to let his horse go in a remote place.

It was strange for Duke Mu of Qin to see Baili Xi among his married retainers but not him. After asking Duke Mu of Qin, he realized that Baili Xi was a virtuous and wise man who was a rare talent. Duke Mu of Qin had great ambitions, but he suffered from the lack of talented people to help him. He was overjoyed when he heard this, but learned that Baili Xi had fled to Chu State.

Gong Mu of Qin wanted to redeem Baili Xi at a high price, but he was afraid that the people of Chu would know Baili Xi’s talent and would keep it for his own use and would not give it to him. So he sent someone to say to the people of Chu: “My dowry retainer Baili Xi. Li Xi ran away, and I will punish him and redeem him with five black ramskins (五羖)." The people of Chu agreed without realizing that Baili Xi was wise.

When Bailixi returned to Qin, Duke Mu of Qin personally unlocked his prison and asked him about national affairs. Duke Mu of Qin discussed state affairs with Baili Xi for several days. Duke Mu of Qin admired him very much and made Baili Xi his prime minister. Since Bailixi was redeemed with five rams' skins, he was known as "Doctor Wuxi". Bailixi was already in his 70s at this time.

With the assistance of Baili Xi and others, Qin Mu openly traveled thousands of miles to dominate Xirong. The Qin State in a remote corner became stronger and became a decisive party in the struggle for hegemony among the princes. Because Baili Xi "has no wrong plans, his actions must be successful", he helped Qin Mu Gong gain the hegemony and laid a solid foundation for Qin's final unification of China. Therefore, the people of Qin have always praised Baili Xi.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Born in sorrow, died in happiness