Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi (about 369 BC-286 BC), named Zhou, was born in the eastern suburb of Mengcheng County (now Dongcheng Road, Chengguan Town). He used to be a lacquered garden official, a famous thinker and writer in the Warring States period. Zhuangzi is the representative figure of Taoist school in the Warring States Period after Laozi. At the same time, he is also an excellent writer and philosopher. With his masterpiece Zhuangzi (also known as the South China Classic), he expounded the essence of Taoism and developed Taoism, making it a far-reaching philosophical school.

(1) A brief introduction to the characters

Debate on Haoliang Zhuangzi and Keiko are playing together on the bridge of Haoshui. Zhuangzi said: It is the pleasure of fish to swim leisurely (how leisurely fish swim, this is the happiness of fish). Keiko said: if you are not a fish, you will know the joy of fish. Zhuangzi said: I know I don't know the joy of fish? Keiko said: I'm not a child, but I don't know the child. I'm not a fish, and I don't know the joy of fish. It's all right (and it's completely certain). Zhuangzi said: Please follow the book. On the second day, the person who said, "You know fish well" asked me since he knew what I knew. I know how to cry (let's follow the previous words. What you said just now,' How do you know the happiness of fish', is that you already know that I know the happiness of fish and ask me, while I know the happiness of fish on the bridge in the ditch). Autumn waters

Keiko the rotting rat is the prime minister of Wei and went to see him before Zhuangzi. Someone said to Keiko, "Zhuangzi is coming to take the place of the son.". So Keiko panicked and searched Zhuangzi in the capital for three days and three nights. Zhuangzi went to see him and said to him, "There are birds in the south, and their names are the young. What do you know?"? The husband and the young are born in the South China Sea and fly to the North Sea. They are not only indus, but also do not eat or drink from the Liquan. So the owl got the rotten mouse, and the young passed by, looking up and saying,' Scared!' Today, I want to frighten me with the Wei kingdom of my son (there is a bird in the south, and its name is Gui Xiao, do you know? The young will fly from the South China Sea to the North Sea. It won't stop unless it is a plane tree. It won't eat unless it is the fruit of bamboo. It won't drink unless it is a sweet spring. Just then, a kite found a rotten mouse, and the stork happened to fly through the air. The stork looked up at the stork and roared:' poof!' Do you want to yell at me with your Wei State now?

Wood and Non-wood Zhuangzi was walking in the mountains and saw a big branch with lush leaves. The lumberjack stayed by the tree but didn't cut it. Ask them what the reason is and say, it's no use. Zhuangzi said: This tree will live its life if it is not made of wood (this tree can live its life because it is not made of wood)! Zhuangzi came out of the mountain and stayed at a friend's house. The friend was happy and asked the boy to kill the goose to entertain him. The boy asked his master: One can sing, and the other can't, so please kill him (one can scream, and the other can't scream, so which one can you kill?)? The master said: kill those who can't sing. The next day, disciple asked Zhuangzi: Yesterday's trees in the mountains will end their days without materials; today's master's geese will die without materials. Where will sir be? Zhuangzi said with a smile: Zhou will be somewhere between the material and the material (I will be somewhere between the material and the material).

Zhuangzi, a dream butterfly in Zhuang Zhou, told a story to illustrate the truth of materialization: Zhuang Zhou's dream was a butterfly in the past, and it was lifelike. Self-metaphor and ambition! I don't know Zhou Ye. If you feel it suddenly, you will feel it suddenly. I wonder if Zhou Zhimeng is a butterfly and? What is the dream of butterflies? There must be a division between Zhou and Butterfly. Zhuangzi said this is called materialization. A simple story not only shows a dreamlike attitude towards life, but also reveals the metaphysical Tao and the metaphysical relationship between Zhuang Zhou and butterflies. Everything physical, though ever-changing, is just the materialization of Tao. Zhuang Zhou and Butterfly are essentially nothing but Tao, and there is no difference.

Less than a year after Zhuangzi returned home, his wife died of illness. Keiko, a good friend, came to pay his respects and saw Zhuangzi sitting cross-legged on the ground, singing and drumming. Keiko asked, "Living with people, the eldest son, old age, and physical death, it's enough not to cry, but also to sing with drums and pots." Now that you're dead, it's enough that you don't cry. Isn't it too much and unreasonable to sing with drums and pots? Zhuangzi said: Otherwise. It's the beginning and the end, and I can't be alone! However, I found that ... people were lying in the giant room, but I cried with them, thinking that I couldn't live, so I stopped (not this meaning. How can I be alone and not feel sad when she just died? After thinking about it, I found that I was still an ordinary person, ignorant of life and death, and unable to understand the way of heaven and earth. If you think about it this way, you won't feel sad). He advocates that life should be peaceful and smooth, and sorrows and joys should not be optimistic and open-minded.

Zhuangzi buried Zhuangzi near death. Disciples L planned to use many things as funerals. Zhuangzi said: I take heaven and earth as a coffin, the sun and the moon as a link, the stars as a pearl, and everything as a coffin. Isn't my burial utensil prepared for evil? Disciple said: I'm afraid of eating black kites, master. Zhuangzi said, "In the sky, we feed on the kite, and in the bottom, we feed on the ant. It's not right to take that from us!"!

(2) Comments by famous experts

Sima Qian (Han): His knowledge is omniscient, but it is attributed to Laozi's words. Therefore, he wrote more than 1, words, which is probably a fable. Being good belongs to the book, leaving the words, referring to things and feelings, and stripping Confucianism and ink with plagiarism, although it is impossible to explain itself when studying in the contemporary world.

Bai Juyi (Tang): All things are the same in Zhuang and Sheng, but there are differences in my way. Therefore, the nature is the same, and the husband and wife are better than snakes and insects. (Reading (Zhuangzi))

Wang Anshi (Song): Qing Yan's new poems are self-absorbed, and they are sung in this hall. Officials are not angry at that time, and the people have the style of Zhuang and Zhou dynasties. I knew about the idle wooden rope in the court, and I thought about the royal silk tree in the sitting room. When will you get it when you are floating, and you will want to be a Weng. (titled "Qingyantang in Mengcheng")

Xu Wei (Ming): Zhuang Zhou is light of life and death, and he is extremely broad-minded. What is the number theory, and life and death are counter-important? He who knows nothing can't get a glimpse of it. There is no name and no biography, and there are nobles among them. (Reading (Zhuangzi))

Jin Shengtan (Qing): It is recognized as "a wonderful book in the world."

Guo Moruo: Almost half of every history of China literature since Qin and Han Dynasties was developed under his influence. Among ancient philosophers in China, people who were both thinkers and writers were really unique.

Lu Xun: His works are Wang Yang's, and his manners are all square. The works of the late Zhou philosophers can't be the first.

Hu Wenying: Zhuangzi has extremely cold eyes and the warmest heart. My eyes are cold, so I don't care about right and wrong: my heart is hot, so I feel a lot. Although it is useless to know, but you can't forget your feelings, it is a hot heart: although you can't forget your feelings, you won't start, and you will see through it coldly. (Zhuangzi Alone)

Second, the use of materials

Topic 1: Self-knowledge and expectations of others

Material processing: Can you still remember Zhuangzi who ignored the phase of Chu and decided to drag his tail in painting? This lofty layman, whose heart is clear and clear, is like a boat that is not tied. He has world-famous talents, but he refuses to give in to powerful people and leads a poor and wandering life all his life. Do you also want to persuade him to die and expect him to do great things for the motherland, the society and the people of Lebanon? Yes, everyone hopes so. However, Zhuangzi thinks he is a tree, a tree that defends the moon of the soul. If you stubbornly pull him up and plant him in the filthy social soil, he will wither and die immediately. Let him be a tree forever, and there will be a proud chrysanthemum beside him. (Excerpt from the excellent composition "Chrysanthemum Fragrant Season" in Chongqing College Entrance Examination in 24)

Topic 2: Change the angle

Material processing: In fact, Zhuangzi was wrong, he ignored the situation of fish. Since the spring has dried up and the fish get along with the land, they can only rely on each other. How can they swim to the great rivers and lakes separately? And even if there is such a possibility, after experiencing the hardships of caring for each other and caring for each other, which fish can shake its head and shake its tail to forget such an unforgettable situation?

is it as simple as a sentence to "forget each other in the Jianghu"? Therefore, more people only remember the meaning of mutual dependence and mutual dependence in the foam, and would rather forget that sentence and forget it in the rivers and lakes.

It suddenly dawned on me that there are actually many beautiful words in the world, but they are either superficial forms or floating artistic conception, while form and artistic conception are the most easily blown away by the wind, while mutual affection is a process, because it is not easy, because it is rare, it shows its far-reaching realm and lasting charm, and therefore it will become the more beautiful words in life. (Excerpt from Summer Dusk)

I accidentally read Zhuangzi and saw this line: When the spring dries up, the fish phase is on the land, and it is better to forget each other in the rivers and lakes.

From Zhuangzi's point of view, in a place where there is almost no water, two fish can only breathe some moisture and blisters on each other. Instead, it is better to swim separately and forget each other in the great rivers and lakes.

topic 3: charm

material processing: Mr. Zhuang Zhou is the first-class lovely figure in the history of China, exuding an indescribable personality charm. It's hard to sum up his life with a proper evaluation. We have no doubt that Zhuang Zhou is a maverick thinker, a brilliant essayist, a master of humor, a king of stories, a logician, a psychologist, a pauper, a master who often feels lonely, a wizard who despises powerful people, a hermit who is indifferent to fame and fortune, a benevolent who shows compassion for others, and an eloquent debater. All this is not enough to see the dribs and drabs of his life. He himself is pretentious. Under his eyes, ordinary people are like a nest of sparrows chirping and jumping, bureaucrats are a group of pigs, and scholars are like quarrelling monkeys. Reading the metaphor of Dapeng and Bird, the dialogue between Hebo and Poseidon, and the metaphor of frog in the well can show his mind. (Excerpt from Reading Zhuangzi in Busy Hours)

Topic 4: Affection and Cognition of Things

There are mountains and canyons on the earth, and there are noble and humble people on earth. The world is full of smoke and fog in worldly desires, and all affection, friendship and love ... are like winds in all directions hanging over this smoky world. Standing between heaven and earth, who can get rid of the fetters of the world of mortals, and who can put aside all common thoughts? How many people can cross the emotional smog at all times and in all countries? Like Zhuangzi's open-mindedness and freedom? Like Qu Yuan's loyalty and patriotism? Although Zhuangzi can be friends with Kunpeng and penetrate the promising realm in the world, he can't get rid of the disturbances of the world. Qu Yuan gave up everything and was loyal to his country, but went to Qingliu to save his innocence. Both Zhuangzi and Qu Yuan put themselves in the outer layer of the vast universe, but they didn't know that on the day of his birth, the dust on the earth had branded them on the earth. Therefore, no matter how you look down at the universe, you are tied with feelings, as if there are countless lines on the ground implicated in various organs. How can you get rid of this layer of smoke? (Excerpt from Emotion and Cognition, the perfect score composition of Hubei College Entrance Examination in 23)

Topic 5: Buying a mirror

Material processing: (1) Eating only once, drinking only once, in a mean alley, people can't bear their worries, and they won't change their fun when they go back. Weak water 3 thousand, I only take a ladle to drink. In such a poor life, the person who still keeps a quiet heart is Zhuangzi. After several ups and downs in the worldly world of fame and fortune, official career, only Zhuangzi, who often grinds and washes the mirror of the soul, will not be moved by the vain name of the surging officialdom, and always maintain a childlike heart that is good at learning from all kinds. Excerpt from the excellent composition of Hubei College Entrance Examination in 24 (The bright moon is a mirror, which makes my heart clear)

(2) I have a bright mirror and live aloof. Gone! I will drag my tail in the middle of the painting, and the one who is soaring up is Wan Li. He can resist the wind. He is a saint and a man of god. Living in the castle peak, laughing at the princes, he left the valley of Sheba enough to be shaped into Yao and any monarch, and he was detached. The truth in his heart turned into a mirror, reflecting his refreshing feeling. (Excerpt from the excellent composition of Hubei College Entrance Examination in 24 "Heart has a Mirror")

Topic 6: Humanistic Literacy and Development

Material processing: Perhaps, like Zhuangzi, we can't have a calm attitude of seeing through the world and a fearless attitude in the mud ... Although we can't reach the height of great men, we can build our own Eden.

Building a spiritual Garden of Eden-this is our heartfelt cry. Maintaining a good humanistic spirit and cultivating a profound humanistic quality will not only make you profound, but also make you stand out from the rest. (Excerpt from the Excellent Composition "Eden of Spirit" of Zhejiang College Entrance Examination in 24)