1. In ancient Chinese literature, "He who climbs high will humble himself, and he who travels far will always be near".

"Near" refers to the way of a gentleman in recent chapters. Near, if you climb high, you will humble yourself. The common translation of the way of a gentleman is like walking an extremely long road. In this way, people can know "near", that is, they know that they are only "near" compared with "far". (Not far away). The way of a gentleman is like climbing a very high mountain. In this way, people can know "inferiority", that is, they know that they are only "low" (not high) compared with "high". "Book of Taijia": "If you go high, you must come down; if you are far away, you must come close." "Book of Rites: Doctrine of the Mean": "The way of a gentleman is to open up (for example) if you travel far, you must come down." "If you climb high, you will humble yourself." Later, the metaphor of "traveling far and rising high" is used as a metaphor for learning from the shallower to the deeper, and gradually improving. To travel far and near, you must start from near. It is a metaphor for doing things from the shallower to the deeper, step by step. The words come out "The Book of Rites: The Doctrine of the Mean": "The way of a gentleman is as simple as traveling afar and getting closer." 2. Reading answers to "Inferiority is also a kind of strength"

Inferiority is also a kind of strength

A Ming

① I have read many descriptions of how confident a person should be articles, they make a lot of sense. The reason why our lives can have a certain height is because our hearts have reached it. Otherwise, you will always be a short foxtail grass at the foot of the mountain. However, most people rarely think that proper self-esteem is sometimes a kind of life replenishment. If we use it occasionally, the flower of our career will bloom more brightly, more beautifully, and last longer.

②Perhaps you have already heard the story of the Austrian novelist Kafka. Kafka was born in a Jewish businessman family in Prague. His father had a violent temper and was very authoritarian. This made Kafka develop a sensitive, suspicious, melancholy and lonely character from an early age. He sometimes had a low self-esteem. When his career was at its worst, he even said, "Balzac's cane says 'I crushed all difficulties', and my cane says 'All difficulties crushed me.'" Such absolute words, however, Ka Fuka did not let this inferiority complex go unchecked, but always tried to surpass himself. He finally wrote such excellent novels as "The Metamorphosis" and "The Castle" and became the originator of Western modernist literature.

③Having a little inferiority complex can teach you a lot in life. Edison's academic performance was so poor that the teacher wanted to jump off the building. For this reason, the teacher actually suggested that his parents let him drop out of school. Edison also had low self-esteem, but he used this low self-esteem as motivation and finally became a great inventor. When Pushkin was a student, his mathematics was a mess. No matter what questions he asked or which method he used, he would always make the answer equal to zero. In order to encourage himself, he chose to write poetry and became a literary giant. …………

④ Inferiority can prompt us to make a calm analysis of ourselves. It is not difficult for a person to become confident. There is a gene of narcissism and self-respect in human nature. This gene makes us self-righteous and unable to listen to the good opinions of others. What is really difficult for us to do is to always be aware of the imperfections and imperfections of our own lives, so as to maintain a humble state of mind. Infertility is the mother of this humility.

⑤ Inferiority also has an important value in life: it makes you awe-inspiring. Many problems in life are caused by lack of scruples: the reason why corrupt officials stretch their hands so far is simply because they feel that in their small circle, they can handle everything; the reason why profiteers destroy their conscience and make huge profits is because they Because he thinks he is smart enough to deal with the country's policies and laws... These people do not have an inferiority complex. However, their unreasonable "confidence" ruins them.

⑥ Naturally, one should not be too inferior in life. Excessive inferiority will destroy a person's perseverance and courage, causing us to destroy ourselves; but it is also impossible to be blindly confident. A person who is blindly confident can easily become arrogant. Block the way forward yourself. The ideal thing is to combine the two, use inferiority to explore the black holes of one's own character, knowledge, and talent, and use self-confidence to find the way out of the lost path.

(Selected from the second volume of "Selected Essays of the Times")

21. What is the main point of the selected essay? (2 points)

22. Which of the following statements is correct ( ) (3 points)

A. This article is an argumentative essay mainly based on refutation.

B. Inferiority has only one meaning, that is, it can prompt us to make a calm analysis of ourselves.

C. The reason why corrupt officials and profiteers have no scruples is because they think people should have low self-esteem rather than confidence.

D. The meaning of the underlined sentence in the article is to tell us the importance of self-confidence.

23. Are the arguments listed in paragraph 2 positive or negative? Please summarize its content in concise language. (3 points)

24. What argument method is used in paragraph 3 of the selected article? What does it do? (3 points)

25. Please combine the selected article and the reality of life to talk about your understanding of inferiority. (3 points)

Inferiority is also a kind of strength

21. Inferiority is also a kind of strength.

22. D

23. It is a positive argument, (1 point) Kafka did not indulge in inferiority, surpassed himself, and became the originator of Western modern literature. (2 points)

24. Give examples to demonstrate. (1 point) By listing the successful deeds of Edison and Pushkin, it effectively demonstrates the point of view that "having a little inferiority complex can teach a lot in life." (2 points) (If you simply answer "The argument is effectively demonstrated through examples", only 1 point will be given)

25. Answer example: Appropriate inferiority complex can enable us to see ourselves clearly and respect ourselves. It helps that we move toward success. Don't be overwhelmed by your inferiority complex because of poor grades in your studies. You should turn your inferiority complex into motivation, be proactive and make continuous progress. (1 point for content, 1 point for contact with reality, 1 point for smooth language, 3 points for ***3. "Those who are polite, humble themselves but respect others

Vernacular translation:

The so-called etiquette , is used to determine the distance between people, to judge whether things are suspicious or unclear, to distinguish when things should be the same and when they should be different, and to clearly distinguish whether things are polite or disrespectful according to etiquette. To please others, don't say anything you can't do.

According to etiquette, you must not do things beyond your own status, do not infringe or insult others, and must not cultivate your own virtues and practice your own ethics. Promise, this is called perfect conduct.

Acts that are faithful and words that are benevolent and righteous are the essence of etiquette. According to etiquette, I have heard that to attract a wise man is to use his virtue to influence his education. I have heard that recruiting a wise man is just to use him as a sign. According to Yili, I have heard of the rule that students come to the master to learn skills, but I have not heard of the teacher going to the student's residence instead.

In ancient times, people valued "virtue", but later they emphasized reciprocity. It is not polite to give favors to others but not receive them in return. Without repayment, it is also unethical.

If people have the rules of etiquette, society will be stable. Without etiquette, society will be in danger. Therefore, it is said: "Etiquette must be learned!" The essence of etiquette. It lies in being humble to oneself and respecting others. Even a hawker carrying a burden must be respectable, let alone a wealthy person who knows how to love etiquette. , you will not be overly arrogant. If you are poor and know how to love etiquette, then your ambition will not be surrendered. Distinguish similarities and differences, and understand right and wrong.

Don’t talk nonsense about people, don’t refuse to pay, don’t overstep the boundaries of etiquette, don’t infringe, and don’t do bad things.

Cultivating one’s moral character and practicing one’s words are called good deeds. ; Practicing and cultivating the way of speech is the essence of etiquette.

The etiquette is learned from others, not the etiquette is learned from others.

Morals, benevolence and righteousness cannot be violated if it is inappropriate; teachings are correct and customary, but improper methods are not prepared; disputes and lawsuits cannot be resolved if inappropriate; rulers and ministers, superiors and subordinates, fathers

Sons and brothers cannot be determined; officials To be a scholar and a teacher is to be impolite; to run the army in charge of the government, to visit officials and practice law, is to be impolite and dignified; to pray at temples, offer sacrifices, and provide food to ghosts and gods is impolite and dishonest. Therefore, a gentleman is respectful and frugal, and makes concessions in order to show courtesy. Parrots can speak, and they are not separated from birds; orangutans can speak, and they are not separated from beasts. Nowadays, people are rude. Although they can speak, don't they have the same mentality as beasts? Husband, animals are rude, so father and son gather together. This is why the sage did it to teach people the etiquette, so that people can be polite and know that they are different from the animals.

The most important thing is to value virtue, and the second most important thing is to repay it. Reciprocity means reciprocity, but it is not polite to go back and forth, and it is not polite to come but not go back.

If a person is polite, he will be safe, but if he is not polite, he will be in danger. Therefore, it is said: Those who are polite must learn it.

A husband who is polite, humbles himself but respects others. Even if he has a negative attitude, he must have respect. How about being rich and noble?

If you are rich and know how to be polite, you will not be arrogant or lewd; if you are poor or lowly, if you know how to be polite, your ambition will not be deterred.

Source: From "Quli" in "Book of Rites" written by Dai Sheng, an official, scholar and etiquette expert in the Western Han Dynasty.

Extended information:

Creation background:

It is said to be written by the seventy-two disciples of Confucius and his students. It was compiled by Dai Shengsuo, a ritualist in the Western Han Dynasty. , the "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Music", "Yi", "Spring and Autumn" and "Six Classics" taught by Confucius to his disciples, are the carrier of the highest philosophy in Chinese classical culture.

However, it is difficult to read through ancient texts and profound meanings, so more interpretations are made to assist understanding. The "Li" in the Six Classics, later called "Yili", mainly records the crown, marriage, and rituals of the Zhou Dynasty. The "etiquette" of funeral and sacrificial rites is limited by the practice, and almost does not involve the "etiquette" behind the ceremony. Without understanding the etiquette and meaning, rituals become worthless rituals.

Therefore, in the process of studying rituals, the post-seventy-year-olds wrote a large number of essays elucidating the meaning of the scriptures, which are generally called "notes" and are appendages to "Rituals". After the First Emperor of Qin burned books and harassed Confucian scholars, there were still many "notes" written in ancient pre-Qin Chinese that could be seen in the Western Han Dynasty. "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" contains "one hundred and thirty-one".