Patriotism is the basic morality of a citizen and a fine tradition of the Chinese nation. Traditional Confucian culture emphasizes "sacrifice one's life for righteousness", which means to defend national sovereignty at the expense of personal life for the sake of national interests. To a certain extent, patriotism is the need to ensure people’s right to survival and freedom. Under the socialist system, the connotation of patriotism has undergone qualitative changes from the past. In the feudal era, the rulers emphasized that people were patriotic, but the essence was to safeguard imperial power. The people lived in the country, but the country did not belong to the people. Under the socialist system, the people's democratic dictatorship is implemented, the country belongs to the people, and the people are the masters of the country. In this way, citizens' patriotism actually means loving their own regime and defending their fundamental interests. Patriotism should be rational. Self-mutilation and self-abuse are not patriotic. Every citizen should be themselves, promote civilization, make achievements in all walks of life, respect others, realize themselves, and not be rude or blindly obedient. This is the best way to be patriotic.
Patriotism is an attitude, not a pair of fists; patriotism is a rationality, not an iron rod; patriotism is about making one's country better, not about hurting one's compatriots; patriotism is not about venting anger , but to love the rule of law first and to ensure that our basic civil rights are respected and defended. Violence is not a passport to our patriotism, and it will not bring that beautiful island closer to us.
On the "One Tiger, One Talk" program, a young man said it best: We boycott Japanese goods, not to destroy our own Japanese goods. We should be better than it in all walks of life. Our officials are cleaner than them, our streets are cleaner than theirs, and our bridges are stronger than theirs, and our young people are better than theirs. There is more future and more hope. If young people are strong, China will be strong. Patriotism does not mean that we raise our seemingly powerful fists and hit our compatriots, but that we change our country for the better in all aspects.
Since Japan staged the "island purchase farce", people across our country have successively held spontaneous protest marches. Among them there are many examples of rational patriotism such as "Brother Xi'an Holding Placards" and "Love Guangzhou Non-Violence". But there have also been some cases of vandalism, looting and burning, which makes us sad and angry. When talking about patriotism, please love your compatriots first. If you rob and destroy the private property of your compatriots, is that any different from thugs? If we want to be patriotic, we should unite as one and resist foreign humiliation. This is the civilized quality and spiritual outlook that a civilized society should embody.
Patriotic pride is the passion that surges in our chests, but the combination of passion and violence becomes the scars on our compatriots. Every citizen should be themselves, promote civility, make achievements in all walks of life, respect others, realize themselves, and not be rude or blindly obedient. This is the best way to be patriotic. Let us reject violence and show rationality. Everyone starts from themselves and becomes a civilized patriot for our Diaoyu Islands. [1]
Qu Yuan’s patriotic story
According to the "Historical Records" "Qu Yuan Jia Sheng Biography" records, Qu Yuan was a minister during the reign of King Huai of Chu. Chaos, skilled in rhetoric. When he comes in, he discusses state affairs with the king and gives orders; when he goes out, he receives guests and deals with the princes. The king is not responsible for it." Because he was put in the important position of King Huai of Chu, he aroused the jealousy of Shangguan officials and his order Yin Zilan. , just before King Huai of Chu and King Qingxiang who succeeded him, he slandered Qu Yuan. King Chu gradually alienated Qu Yuan and did not accept his advice. Finally, he even exiled Qu Yuan. Full of anger, Qu Yuan settled in the world and wrote: After writing his final work "Huaisha", he committed suicide by throwing himself into the Miluo River with a stone in his arms. Decades after Qu Yuan's death, the Chu State was finally destroyed by Qin due to slandering its officials and harming the country. But Qu Yuan, a tragic hero who was loyal but suspicious, is still alive. In the hearts of the people of Chu State. The following story can be used to illustrate the Chu people's love for Qu Yuan.
Realgar wine:
It is said that after Qu Yuan threw himself into the river, the people of Chu State were extremely sad and flocked to the Miluo River to pay their respects to Qu Yuan. The fishermen set up their boats and fished him back and forth on the river. The body. A fisherman also took out the rice dumplings, eggs and other food he had prepared in advance and threw them into the river. He said that if the fish shells ate them, they would not die. He would bite Doctor Qu's corpse (the other side said that it was a fish, so he couldn't tell, so Qu Yuan could eat it). An old doctor took a jar of realgar wine and poured it into the river, saying that the medicine would stun the dragon so that it could not harm Doctor Qu. Not long after, a faint dragon floated on the water, with a piece of Dr. Qu's clothes still attached to its beard.
People pulled the evil dragon ashore, cramped its muscles, and then wrapped the dragon's tendons around the children's wrists and necks, and wiped the seven orifices with realgar wine so that poisonous snakes and pests would not dare to hurt these children. It is said that Qu Yuan threw himself into the river. That day is May 5th. From then on, every year on May 5th, people row dragon boats, eat rice dumplings, and drink realgar wine to commemorate Qu Yuan. In some areas, calamus and mugwort are placed on the door during the Dragon Boat Festival. Of course, it is because Pu Ai has detoxification effect. However, there is a folk theory about the origin of this Ai custom.
Insert calamus and mugwort
During the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao led troops to rebel. Wherever he went, millions of people were killed and blood flowed like rivers. As soon as the people heard that Huang Chao was coming, they would He hurriedly fled. In May of this year, Huang Chao's army invaded Henan and came to Dengzhou City. Huang Chao rode to the outside of the city to survey the terrain. He saw waves of old, weak, women and children pouring out of the city. He saw a The woman was carrying a baggage, holding a younger boy in one hand, and holding an older boy in the other. Huang Chao felt strange, so he dismounted and asked, "Sister-in-law, where are you going in such a hurry? The woman replied: "I heard that Huang Chao is a murderous villain and will attack Dengzhou soon. All the men in the city have been drafted to defend the city. We old and young, it's better to escape as soon as possible." . Huang Chao pointed to the child and asked her: "Why are you holding the small one in your hand, but holding the big one in your arms?" The woman said, "The one you are holding in your arms is the only living member of the uncle's family. The one you are holding is me. My biological son. If the situation is critical, I would rather throw away my son and leave a seedling for my uncle's family." Huang Chao was deeply moved after hearing this, and said to the woman: "Sister-in-law, it's so quick. Go back and stick calamus and mugwort at the door so that Huang Chao's army will not hurt you." The woman was doubtful after hearing this, but she still returned to the city and spread the news. The next day was exactly On the Dragon Boat Festival in May, Huang Chao's army invaded the city, and saw that every door was hung with calamus and mugwort. In order to keep his promise to the woman, Huang Chao had no choice but to lead his troops away, and the whole city was spared. . In order to commemorate this incident, every Dragon Boat Festival since then, people will put calamus and mugwort on the door. This custom has been passed down to this day.
Xu Teli
Never tire of learning and pay attention to methods
Xu Teli was born in 1877. In his youth, he loved reading and believed that reading could "understand the principles of life and society." At the age of 18, in order to make a living, he chose the latter between being a doctor or a private school teacher, and he began the path of "teaching throughout his life". However, he taught students to read during the day, and at night he had to go to his teacher to learn skills, because "I understand the principles myself" and then I can "teach the students what I understand."
Xu Teli paid great attention to methods when he was studying and accumulated a set of self-study experience. When he was 20 years old, he was preparing to read the eight-legged essay and take part in the imperial examination at that time. Once, he walked 80 miles to Changsha City to visit the famous Mr. Chen Yunfeng and wanted to ask Chen Juren to see how he was doing with his eight-part essay. Lao Juren read his eight-legged essay and made a comment: There is still "a glimmer of light". Then he asked him: Why don't you study instead of reading eight-part essay? Chen Juren patiently told Xu Teli: The eight-part essay prescribed by the imperial examination system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was rigid in form and was a tool to constrain people's minds and maintain feudal rule. Half a year later, Xu Teli visited Chen Yunfeng again. Chen Juren gave him a fan this time and wrote a passage on the fan: "It is important to have a teacher to study, especially books. There are no teachers and no books in the countryside, but Books are teachers’ ears. Zhang Zhidong’s Book of Questions and Answers is the gateway to buying books, and Jingxuan Yu is the gateway to reading. With these two books, Xu Teli was very happy and immediately ran to the bookstore to buy them. I took "Bibliographic Questions and Answers" and "Jingxuan Yu" home and used them as self-study guides. From now on, he will never write eight-legged essays again, but will keep in mind that "it is important to have a teacher to study, especially books". Later, when recalling the past, Xu Teli said with emotion: "The way I know how to read all my life is due to that Mr. Juren."
Reading ancient books is very time-consuming and energy-consuming, Xu Teli said Never greedy for too much, he follows two principles: one is "quantitative" and the other is "constant". For example, there are 540 words in the middle part of "Shuowen Jiezi". He only reads two of them every day and plans to finish them in one year. He believes that if you are greedy for too much, you will not be able to understand and remember, and reading it means not reading it.
When he was teaching middle school students, he also read this book, requiring students to memorize one word every day after class for two years. Some students had to learn 6 words at the same time on Saturdays. As a result, when it came time to write from memory, most of them couldn't write it out. He said that this is "the harm of not studying to a certain extent and not maintaining regular learning."
“You can’t read without writing” is Xu Teli’s famous saying. When he was teaching at No. 1 Normal University in Hunan, he found that most students had such a problem: they were greedy for more and faster when reading, and did not seek deeper understanding. He introduced to everyone the experience he had gained through long-term self-study. He believes that one is not afraid of reading too few books, but is afraid of swallowing them whole and not digesting them. He taught students that they should pay attention to digestion when reading and learn to think and evaluate the value of the books they read. He taught his students that when reading, they should mark the key points in the book, write down their own experiences and opinions on the headers of the book, and excerpt the parts that they think are wonderful. Read like this, count one sentence as one, and count one as one after reading. At that time, among his students, Mao Zedong was the most determined and most successful in implementing this method. He wrote several reading notes in the past few years, and his literary and ideological cultivation level improved rapidly.
When Xu Teli was reading "History of the United Communist Party", at first the bookstore only had the first volume out, so he bought one and read it. Later, he heard that the Soviet version of the first and second volumes was available, so he borrowed the second volume and copied it. Because it was an abridged copy, he had to do a detailed analysis before copying. As a result, his understanding of the second volume of "The History of the United Communist Party" More profound than the previous volume. So, he came back and copied the verses from the previous volume. From this, he came to another conclusion: it is better to borrow a book than to buy a book, to copy a book to read, and to excerpt the whole book.
In 1919, 43-year-old Xu Teli was already a well-known educator in Hunan Province. However, when he learned that Cai Yuanpei, Li Shizeng and other educators had launched the work-study movement in France, he actively joined the ranks. Many people expressed surprise, but Xu Teli made the decision after careful consideration. The purpose of the work-study program is to "work diligently and study frugally to enhance the knowledge of workers." Xu Teli appreciated this purpose very much. He said: "I am 43 years old this year, and I will be 44 or 45 before I know it, and I will be 60 years old." Here it comes. If you are still as unlearned as you were at 43 years old, wouldn’t it be a waste of time? If you have done nothing in these 17 years, you will regret it when you are 60 years old. Well, why not start learning from today?" So, he put aside his pretense as a teacher and went to France with the young people to learn new knowledge and skills as an ordinary old student.
Tireless in teaching and loyal to the cause
When Xu Teli was 60 years old, in a 3,000-word autobiography, he mentioned that he “has been teaching all his life. I have served as a teacher in primary school, normal college, and higher normal college. When I was a teacher in higher normal college, I did not leave the primary school position because I loved teaching primary school students." After Xu Teli graduated from Ningxiang Express Normal College, he cherished the idea of ??"creation. With the ideal of "career", he and two like-minded friends founded Lijiang Junior High School. Six months later, Xu Teli was invited to teach at Changsha Zhounan Girls' School. After the Revolution of 1911, in order to develop primary education, Xu Teli started from scratch and founded Changsha Normal University. At that time, in order to solve the education problem of farmers' children in their hometown, they also built a Wumei Primary School at their own expense. Later, he taught at Hunan First Normal University. After joining the revolution, he served as deputy minister of the People's Commissariat of Education in the Central Soviet Area, training literacy backbones and launching literacy campaigns; he also worked hard to start a business and established the Central Lenin Normal School. During the arduous Long March, Xu Teli did not forget his duty as an educator and seized every opportunity to teach the soldiers culture. His enthusiasm and patience deeply moved the soldiers.
Xu Te established education, had his own ideas, and dared to challenge historical prejudices. In the past, the school's doors were not open to the poor. When Xu Teli founded Changsha Normal University, he boldly recruited a blacksmith and a veteran, breaking precedent. This incident caused some people to gossip in the education circle. Some people ridiculed him as a tinker and gave him the nickname "Xu Er Lutetium Pot". Xu Teli was very happy and proud. In his teaching practice, he usually liked poor students the most. He ran night schools to give them more educational opportunities, knowing that they did not lack intelligence and talents could be cultivated from them.
Xu Teli advocates educational democracy and pays attention to guiding and mobilizing students' enthusiasm. When he was the principal of Changsha Normal University, Tian Han, then 14 years old, and several classmates who liked literature often posted some limericks on the windows of the study room, making people laugh.
Two of them are based on the practice of acrostic poems and include the names of principal Xu Teli, old teachers Shou Zhilong and Huang Zhucun. One song said: "In the turbulent waves, there is a dragon whose sword is splashed with blood." Another song said: "The chickens and dogs are noisy in Huangzhu Village." After seeing it, the two old teachers were so angry that they trembled and asked the principal to reprimand him severely. student. After Xu Teli comforted the two old teachers, he immediately found the students. Tian Han said: "We have no ill intentions towards Mr. Huang and Mr. Huang. We were just joking on a whim to make everyone happy." Principal Xu was convinced that what he was telling the truth and felt that the poems revealed the students' intelligence, so he kindly said Tell them: It's a good thing to like writing, but don't spend your time and energy on playing with pen and ink. It's better to write some meaningful articles and exercise your talents. The principal's talk encouraged the students to be enthusiastic about running the "Window Newspaper". Suddenly, like bamboo shoots springing up after the rain, window signs were posted on the windows of almost every study room. Tian Hanban's "Zu Bian Bao" is particularly outstanding. He expressed his patriotism and love for the people in a lively and vivid style. Xu Teli often reprinted excellent poems and articles from "Window Newspaper" to his own "Education Weekly". The attitude of the old teachers changed, and the students were even more happy.
Xu Teli doesn’t like to use tough methods to manage students. When he was the principal of Hunan Provincial No. 1 Women's Normal School, he made it clear: "You should not use coercive means to educate students, let alone a rough attitude. The gentle and honest 'poetry' of ancient China is still used in school education today. Got it." In order to implement "poetry education", he hung a large blackboard in the corridor leading to the classroom from the student study room, specifically for writing poems. Once, he learned that a student named Tang and a student named Yu were studying hard, which affected their health and felt very bad. He wrote a poem to suggest that they stop studying and take a rest, which also served as a warning to everyone. The poem is like this:
"I advise Tang Sheng and I advise you to stop your career and not hesitate.
Why is it that you are so skinny and skinny that you don't love your body but only your books."
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Xu Teli paid great attention to running the school frugally. Some teachers always throw away their chalk tips during class. When Xu Teli saw it, he always picked it up and kept it for himself to use in class and writing blackboard poems. Some students called him "stingy." He wrote such a blackboard poem:
"Half a section of vermicelli is still cherished, and public items should always be treasured;
All living beings do not understand Yu Zhongqu, but say that Yu is the calculation. "Small man."
After reading this poem, the student who said he was "stingy" realized that he was wrong. When he discovered that some students were wasting food, Xu Teli talked to them and wrote poems to educate everyone. Seeing that students in two classes had outstanding academic performance, Xu Teli wrote poems to encourage them, showing that girls are no worse than boys in intelligence... ...Students have to read poems on the blackboard every day. Whether it is praise, criticism, or advice, it is an ideological and moral education. Xu Teli gave the blackboard poem a general title, called "Hundred Odes in School".
Xu Teli is also strict sometimes, but he is different. Once, a student named Su Fujii caused trouble. After discussion at a school meeting, it was decided to be expelled. Xu Teli agreed at first, but afterwards he felt uneasy. The more he thought about it, the more he felt that he could not push Su Fuji out of the school. He thought that this classmate was good at studying and had organizational skills, so he should not be dismissed rashly. He immediately sent someone to fetch Su Fuji from his home, had a serious and sincere conversation with him, and then introduced him to continue his studies at Changjun Middle School. Su Fuji was very moved and later became a student with excellent academic performance in Changjun Middle School.
Textbook without words
Xu Teli "has been teaching all his life." His revolutionary spirit, noble sentiments and excellent qualities have been hailed as "textbook without words". , educating and inspiring generations of young students.
The story of Xu Teli’s bloody writing is the most touching patriotism textbook. In 1906, he taught at Zhounan Girls' School and had the opportunity to read revolutionary publications such as Minbao, Menghuitou, and New Hunan Tide. His thoughts changed and he actively engaged in revolutionary activities and guided students to care about the country and the country. the destiny of the nation. In the summer of 1909, he was invited to give a report on current affairs at the training school. He denounced the omnipresent imperialist aggression in China and listed the tragic cases of missionaries poisoning the Chinese people. The more he spoke, the angrier he became, impassioned and tearful. Suddenly, he jumped off the podium, ran to the kitchen, took out a kitchen knife, and cut off a finger on his left hand in public. He wrote with blood: "Expel the Tartars and restore China" in eight characters, expressing his resentment against imperialism and his determination to avenge its humiliation.
He fainted because of the bleeding. Afterwards, many newspapers inside and outside the province prominently reported the news. Xu Teli's patriotic feat educated people from all walks of life and inspired the patriotic enthusiasm of many teachers and students.
As an outstanding revolutionary educator, Xu Teli maintained the excellent quality of simplicity and frugality throughout his life. This is a rare textbook for self-cultivation. As early as when he was in Hunan No.1 Normal University, Xu Teli was famous throughout the school for his frugal life. His residence was simple, with no big suitcases, no big cabinets, no valuable furniture, just old books. At that time, there was a trend in Changsha's education circles. Middle school teachers were considered to be decent people and they had to ride in sedans when going out to show their gentlemanly demeanor. But Xu Teli never sat in a sedan chair. He was the principal of Changsha Normal University and taught part-time at No. 1 Normal University. The two schools were about 10 miles apart, and he walked back and forth every time. On rainy and snowy days, he would wear "spiked shoes", hold an umbrella, and carry lecture notes. He would never miss class or be late. Some teachers were very moved after seeing it, and gradually learned not to sit in the sedan chair.
In 1937, Xu Teli led the educational work in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. When the Party Central Committee first settled in Wayaobao, there was only one school in the local area. One day, Xu Teli went to attend a class. He was wearing a ragged leather jacket with a rope tied around his waist. The school teacher thought he was a groom from the Red Army and didn't pay attention. The next day, Xu Teli went to attend the class with Dong Biwu and Feng Xuefeng. Feng Xuefeng introduced Xu Teli to the teachers. The teachers were shocked to find out that the extremely plainly dressed "groomman" was actually the Minister of Education of the Border Region. There are two small poems describing his frugal life in Yan'an: "The elders in Yan'an are only public servants, and their lives are as simple as those of old soldiers; they often mend the flaw in their coarse cloth and clothes, and cook their own melons and fruits to supplement their food." He rode less stallions and walked more. Don’t follow to care. Bring two ice buns with you and have several meetings a day. ”
After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Xu Teli lived in Beijing, and his material conditions improved, but he still maintained a frugal style. He often told his relatives that living a simple life not only saves money for public use. The more important thing about the cause of communism is not being separated from the masses, tempering people's revolutionary will, and cultivating people's noble qualities. His clothes, quilts, shoes, and hats were worn from Yan'an to after liberation. As long as he could mend them, he would He insisted on not getting new ones. Later, he agreed to buy a suit of material clothes and a pair of leather shoes, which he did not wear on a regular basis, just because he had to attend some important banquets and participate in foreign affairs events. He was also very simple in diet and always liked to eat. Grains and vegetables. At first, he lived with some staff of the Central Propaganda Department. The house was very old and crowded, and his grandchildren slept on the floor of the office when they returned home. In 1952, the organization had to give him a roof. He expressed his disagreement several times, saying that he would consider it after the production was completed and the people's life became rich. Later, after repeated persuasion and the construction fee was reduced by 1/2, he reluctantly agreed. When he was in Xiangshan, few people rode in small cars. He made a calculation with the guard: cars and gasoline were imported from abroad in kind or gold, and a few trips back and forth from Xiangshan to the city could make up a middle peasant's annual income. He ran away. Later, when he moved to the city, he often walked instead of driving, maintaining the fine tradition.
On November 28, 1968, 91-year-old Mr. Xu Teli died of illness. He is a great teacher. His lifelong struggle for China’s education will always be remembered and praised by people.