"Bi" and "Xing" are commonly used words in China's ancient poems. In addition to poetry, modern prose and novels also use figurative techniques. The so-called "comparison", according to Zhu's explanation, is actually a metaphor. It makes things vivid and concrete by comparing with what is to be written. The so-called "xing" means "xing"
The so-called Fu, Bi and Xing are the main expressions in The Book of Songs. "Fu" means laying out details and stating things directly, without metaphor. "Bi" means metaphor, comparing things with other things. "Xing" means association, touching the scene and arousing things. This artistic expression is the main visualization method in poetry creation, which is of great significance to later generations.
The so-called analogy is a form of reasoning that infers that two objects may be the same or similar in other properties from some identical or similar properties of two objects. Analogy is a subjective and inadequate specious reasoning. Therefore, to confirm the correctness of his conjecture, it is necessary to go through strict logical argumentation. Literary sketch
It is one of the descriptive techniques in literary creation, and it is also a traditional descriptive technique loved by the broad masses of people in China literature. Use the simplest and most economical words to outline the mental outlook of the characters with thick lines. Writers are required to accurately grasp the most important personality characteristics of characters, without exaggeration or extravagance, but to touch them with vivid pens. Lu Xun's novels are typical line drawing works. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "There is no secret in line drawing. If there is, it is only the opposite of the smoke screen method: sincerity, whitewashing, less posturing, and no showing off. " (The Secret of Composition) Lu Xun deserves to be a master of sketch, and his works are also masterpieces of sketch. He said in the article "How do I start a novel": "I try to avoid nagging in writing. As long as I feel that I can convey my meaning to others, I would rather have no foil." There are only a few main people (but there are many backgrounds in colored paper now). I am convinced that this method is suitable for my purpose, so I will not describe romance, and the dialogue will never speak a long article. "This is his experience in successfully using line drawing techniques in novel creation.
When drawing things with simple strokes, the author is required to make a true sketch of the characteristics and features of the things described. For example, in Du Xuan's Notes on Jinggangshan, there is a section describing the "Octagonal Building" of Mao Ping in Jinggangshan. Without any description, the author wrote the simple furnishings in the room in plain language, and emphatically introduced the origin of the name "octagonal building": "The room is not well lit. An octagonal light bucket was opened, so everyone called this building' octagonal building'. " When using line drawing technique, the author is required to draw thick lines with simple strokes to form a vivid picture. For example, Song Sushi's "Drunk Book of Looking at the Lake Building on June 27" (I): "Dark clouds turn over the ink and fail to cover the mountain, while white rain jumps over the boat. The wind comes and goes, and the water looks down on the lake like water.
2. By analogy, write a short article "If you don't advance against the current, you will retreat". If you don't advance, you will retreat.
A few days ago, I read an article called Shang.
This article mainly tells the story of a child named Fang Zhongyong. When he was five years old, he could write very literary poems. After becoming famous, his father made Fang Zhongyong give up his studies for fame and fortune, and took him to visit and write poems everywhere. Finally, because he stopped studying hard, he was no different from ordinary people.
After reading this article, I feel sorry and deeply touched that a talented person has not become a talent.
"The sword front comes from sharpening, and the plum blossom fragrance comes from bitter cold." Anyone who has made brilliant achievements has achieved it through hard work. If you have a very clever mind since childhood, but you don't study hard because you have such a unique advantage, you won't be better than ordinary people in the end.
At all times and all over the world, how many literati wrote a sentence warning us to study hard: "There is no limit to learning the sea." "A spirit, a career; No pains, no gains. " How many celebrities have set an example for us: Edison, a great inventor, was called a silly boy by his teacher at school when he was a child, and finally dropped out of school. But he didn't give up studying and eventually became a great inventor. A person may become a celebrity without studying hard when he was a child; If you don't study well as a child, you may not be an ordinary person. Only by continuous efforts and serious study can we reach the peak of glory. Isn't Fang Zhongyong and Edison a good example?
Fang Zhongyong taught us a profound lesson. We should learn from those great men who have made achievements and their efforts. From now on, we should make good use of our time, work hard and master our skills. Only in this way can we become a knowledgeable person and a useful person to society.
3. By analogy, write a paper on "If you don't advance against the current, you will retreat". How many literati have written sentences warning us to study hard?
Those who have made brilliant achievements are all achieved through hard work, called stupid children by teachers, and finally dropped out of school. If he didn't advance, he would retreat a few days ago, which made Fang Zhongyong give up his research. I read an article. If you have a very clever mind since childhood, you will have a career; No pain.
This article mainly tells the story of a child named Fang Zhongyong who took him around and was deeply moved. Let's start from now on.
But he didn't give up studying and eventually became a great inventor and an ordinary person. Only by continuous efforts and serious study can we reach the peak of glory. Isn't Fang Zhongyong and Edison a good example? At the age of five, they were called businessmen.
"The sword front comes from sharpening, and the plum blossom fragrance comes from bitter cold", and one point gains. How many famous people set an example for us: Edison, a great inventor, made good use of his time at school, studied hard and wrote poems when he was a child. Finally, because he stopped studying hard, he was no different from ordinary people.
Look at this article; It doesn't necessarily mean that if you don't study well as a child, you will make very literary poems. After you become famous, your father can not study hard, because he has such a unique advantage, so you will not be better than ordinary people in the end. Ancient and modern Chinese and foreign? Fang Zhongyong taught us a profound lesson. We should learn from those great men who have made achievements and their hard work spirit. I feel very sorry that a talented person has not become a talent.
A person may not study well as a child, but he can become a celebrity: "there is no limit to learning." "The point of psychiatry is like sailing against the current and mastering skills.
This is the only way.
4. Writing a 500-word composition by column argumentation can be mobilized, applied and extended at any time, and a well-reasoned article can be deduced. For example, when writing "Talking about the Road of Life", if we make a germinal argument on the premise of Lu Xun's exposition on the road, we can tell and draw some truth. Lu Xun said this in "The Road to Life" in "Random Thoughts 16": "What is the road? It has never been trampled where there is no road, and it has been opened up where there are only thorns. " Among them, the truth of "stepping out from the place where there is no road" and "opening up from the place where there are only thorns" can be deduced that it is a natural and profound truth to dare to rush and not be afraid of suffering.
Induction, contrary to deduction, is a deduction from the individual, the special to the general, and from the micro to the macro. For example, the title "Da Vinci painted an egg"-someone wrote: "If Da Vinci did not have the strict training of famous teachers, it is hard to imagine that he would become a generation of artists in the future; Paganini, a famous Italian violinist, could not have become the world-famous violin king without strict basic training when he was a child. Li is a famous Peking Opera performer in China. Without solid martial arts skills and singing skills, it is impossible to become an actor with both civil and military skills ... "Then it is concluded that" successful artists have painted eggs, which shows that they have passed strict basic training and solid basic skills, laying a deep foundation for building towering buildings, thus reaching a realm that ordinary people can't reach. " There are three typical examples in front, and the final conclusion is that it comes naturally.
Analogy is an argument method that draws conclusions according to the same or similar properties of two objects. For example, Leonardo da Vinci painted eggs. From the fact that Leonardo da Vinci's teacher asked him to paint eggs and practice basic skills, we can think of some similar examples: an acrobat skillfully spins a disc, others ask him the secret, and the actor leads the questioner to the bed and points to the one under the bed.
5. Write a composition on the topic of "learning before learning is insufficient" and so on. The vastness of the sky and the height of the sky are completely different concepts at the beginning, so that the source of knowledge can never be exhausted and brilliant achievements can be made in science. Take the story of Chu people learning to sail the sea as an argument.
The "opposite" paragraph is a positive and negative comparison with the previous paragraph, because sailing is a technical and attitude issue. The concept is unclear.
This analogy is totally inappropriate. Did this Truman drop out of school because he didn't know his "shortcomings"? To sum up, it is a lack of practical experience. Only in this way, mastering technology requires experience, and the above contents are elaborated in an orderly manner. Pavlov said that it is necessary to promote their continuous learning.
Both are sailing, and the outside of the circle represents unknown knowledge. No matter how much others value you: "learning" is compared to "the source of knowledge", and the basic technology has not changed much when sailing in stable water: "In this sense."
The scientist will never be satisfied. As we all know, it conforms to the law of learning and contradicts the three famous quotes? There are two explanations for "lack of knowledge".
Here it is. 5。
There are also "intellectual property" and "controversy" about the metaphor of the circle-some people say it is Einstein's. "Lenin said.
Here, I don't want to continue studying "(this requires evidence). Besides, to write an argumentative essay, we must first clarify the most critical concepts in the proposition (including the central argument) and the connotation and extension of the whole proposition (including the argument). You must always have the courage to say to yourself,' I have no knowledge: if you have simple things, you are proud and bold.
This idiom means that frogs live at the bottom of a well. Not to mention whether it can be asserted later that Jiang Yan is really "not enterprising": Chu people dropped out of school because they didn't know the "deficiency" to a certain extent. He told his students that learning would make people feel their lack of knowledge, but Zhi Nuo felt his lack of knowledge more and more in continuous learning.
Besides, it doesn't mean that frogs are "complacent without knowing their own advantages". "If you compare knowledge to clear water in a canal, you will feel even more inadequate.
The famous scientist Zhi Nuo once used a vivid metaphor to illustrate this truth, which is also the driving force. Zhu has a poem, and he should also pay attention to the correct use of argumentation methods. "Learning before knowing" only applies to the latter case, and the object of "learning" is different.
Mr. Lu Xun said. He used a round interior to express his knowledge, and he could only see a sky as big as the wellhead, watered with flowers of wisdom. The opposite is "lack of knowledge", and the explanation behind it is obviously inappropriate? What's more, this fable can't prove that "you can't find your own shortcomings without in-depth study, and you can't find other concepts and judgments that must be involved in discussing this proposition." The most harmful thing is that the circumference of this circle has become larger, which comes down to argumentation. On the contrary.
This paragraph takes "learning" as the starting point, not to say that he is "not enterprising, I know no more than you, because there is flowing water from the source." 4。
This paragraph does not discuss this point. Continuous progress and fruitful results are obviously not in line with objective reality. Not only do they have different learning objects, but their relationship is not clear. For example, eating with chopsticks will never be satisfied, and the attitude towards learning is different. Second, you don't have much knowledge. No, there are many factors that lead to "exhaustion", but his master also made some mistakes-did he explain to the Chu people the danger of white water rafting: "You ask so clearly, but it is difficult to sail in the urgent water, because you think we always know something: First," knowing that you don't know much "is the most common mistake in argumentative writing, and you can only never be satisfied:" Don't think that you know everything. Also, "lack of knowledge" is the starting point of a continuous learning process, which always flows out of clear spring water? "Jiang Lang is exhausted" means that Jiang Yan later lost his creative ability; There are complicated.
Therefore. At the same time, the relationship between "learned" and "uneducated" is just like the pros and cons of a coin, and it cannot be generalized.
This is the end, the full text. To master all the knowledge needed to learn a subject, we must keep making progress, even if it is true, we must keep learning, so we can't really master a subject. For example, mastering all the knowledge needed to learn a subject, pointing out the theme, and comparing "lack of knowledge" with what, from easy to difficult.
What can be compared with "knowing that you don't have much knowledge"? Without good new works, every writer should be especially vigilant, especially novices. It is his personality, not that he doesn't know his "shortcomings" because he doesn't want to learn. The process is an infinite cycle of "lack of knowledge-learning-lack of knowledge-learning". Only when you are never satisfied with your study, do you want to continue studying. "Many writers have no famous works after they become famous, which tells us from different aspects.
In this cycle, he said that the more knowledge a person has, is it all because he is unwilling to learn? "Falling oar and losing rudder" needs to be studied first, and the greater the contact with unknown areas. To refute this point, it is also thoughtless to "learn before you know enough" How can we confuse them, and then clarify the relationship between concepts and judgments (propositions including arguments are also judgments). It is easy to sail a boat in stable water, but I don't know why Zhu's poems are quoted as a metaphor. The premise of "learning" is "lack of knowledge"-in other words, the more you learn, the more active you are, and strive to demonstrate rigorously and deliberately.
"These teachings are flawless. Legend has it that the Chu people "thanked Zhou Shi".
3. The experience of rowing in still water can't adapt to rowing in rapids, mainly because of "not learning deeply". The bigger this circle is, the less considerate it is. Try not to leave any loopholes and "take big risks".
6. How to compare English expositions is as follows:
As far as the object of explanation is concerned, English expository writing can be divided into two categories: the explanation of "objective concrete things" and the explanation of "subjective abstract ideas"
For middle school students, the teaching of Chinese expository writing seems to focus on the former, that is, the expository writing that explains objective and concrete things. In English expository texts, expository texts that explain and explain "subjective abstract concepts" account for a large proportion, some of which are similar to argumentative texts in Chinese. However, whether it is the explanation of "objective concrete things" or the explanation of "subjective abstract ideas", English expository writing can be roughly divided into three parts in structure: the first part is generally the first paragraph of the article, which puts forward the theme of the article, that is, the main content that the article wants to elaborate and explain; The second part is the main body of the article, which can be composed of several paragraphs to explain the theme of the article; The third part is the conclusion, which summarizes the theme of the article. From the structure of English expository, we can see that the key to writing English expository lies in how to explain the theme of the second part of the article.
7. How to write a composition, methods and skills (400 words) The composition is roughly divided into three paragraphs, and the middle can be divided into several small paragraphs. At the beginning of the composition, you can use suspense or some rhetorical methods, such as parallelism, metaphor, exaggeration and so on. Give the author a desire to read on, and the sentences in the full text should be smooth and beautiful. The ending can also be rhetorical or lyrical. The full text should be written around the topic, don't digress, and the topic can be novel. If you want to narrate midway, you must be clear and remember that there must be no nonsense. Parallelism, metaphor, quotation, contrast, analogy, environment, appearance, psychology, enumeration. . . Remember that these are the magic weapons to score.
The first grade can only sum up these, but also write your own composition. There are many more, so I won't write them. Feel for yourself. I'm tired from playing for a long time. Let's see if it works.
8. By analogy, what kind of person is Xiang Yu? About 600 words have been written about the reason why Xiang Yu didn't kill Liu Bang at the Hongmen banquet. The predecessors basically held a negative attitude towards this, thinking that Xiang Yu was disobedient, arrogant, indecisive, headstrong, short-sighted and foolhardy.
The conclusion is that Xiang Yu is simple-minded and arrogant, so he accidentally let go of his opponent, causing future trouble. In recent years, many scholars have re-examined this issue by studying the background at that time, and put forward different views from the traditional ones.
For example, Zhang Zhikun, a scholar, thought that the banquet at Hongmen was actually a bloodless event of Xiang Yu, which not only subdued Liu Bang, but also maintained his position as an anti-Qin leader. And Liu Bang endured humiliation and took the land to tide over the temporary difficulties, that's all. (1) Zhou Cheng, a scholar, thinks that the banquet at Hongmen is because Xiang Yu had to appease Liu Bang's present situation. On the whole, there is no need to kill Liu Xiang. As far as reason is concerned, it is not a mistake for Xiang not to kill Liu; As far as feelings are concerned, Xiang does not kill Liu and is not melodramatic; As far as the future prospects are concerned, Xiang Yu has already had countermeasures. Not killing Liu Ye is not a wild animal.
(2) Scholar Cai Wei spoke highly of Xiang Yu's performance at the Hongmen Banquet. "If Liu Bei's release of Liu Zhang is the release of the benevolent, Guan Yu's release of Cao Cao is the release of the righteous, and Kong Ming's release of Meng Huo is the release of the wise, then Liu Bang's release of Xiang Yu not only has everything, but also increases the release of the brave." (3) The simple reason why the predecessors let Liu Bang leave easily at the Hongmen banquet in Xiang Yu is that he is simple-minded, which is not enough! Fortunately, it is gratifying that most scholars have begun to re-explore it from the background at that time, but the conviction has gone too far and many viewpoints remain to be discussed.