1. Verses from "Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui"

1. "Visit to Shanxi Village" Song Dynasty: Lu You

Mo Xiao's farmer's wax wine is thick, and there are plenty of tourists in good years. Chicken dolphin.

There is no way out in the mountains and rivers, and there is another village with dark flowers and bright flowers.

The flutes and drums follow the spring society, and the clothes and clothes are simple and ancient.

From now on, if you can take advantage of the moonlight leisurely, you can knock on the door with your stick all the time and night.

2. "Qingpingle Village Dwelling" by Xin Qiji, Song Dynasty

The eaves are low and the grass is green on the stream. When drunk, Wu Yin is very charming, but who is the old lady with gray hair? The eldest son is hoeing beans to the east of the stream, while the middle son is weaving a chicken coop. What I like most is when my child dies, lying down at the head of the stream and peeling lotus pods.

3. "Village Residence" Qing Dynasty·Gaoding

In the February sky, the grass grows and the orioles fly, and the willows brush the embankment and are drunk by the spring smoke. The children came back early from school and were busy taking advantage of the east wind to fly kites.

4. "Village Night" Tang Dynasty·Bai Juyi

The frost grass is full of insects, and there are no people walking south of the village and north of the village. When I go out alone and look at the wild fields, the moon is bright and the buckwheat flowers are like snow.

5. "Evening in the Village" Song Dynasty·Lei Zhen

The pond is full of grass and water, and the setting sun on the mountain is soaked in cold ripples. The shepherd boy returns and crosses the cow's back, playing the piccolo without any tune.

6. "Three Poems of Qiang Village Part 3" by Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty

The chickens were crowing wildly, and the chickens were fighting with each other. After driving the chickens up the trees, I heard the sound of knocking on firewood and thorns. Four or five elders asked me about my long journey. Each one has something to carry in his hand, pouring out the turbid and clearing it up. Don't say that the wine tastes weak and the millet fields are unplowed. The war has not ceased, and the children are marching eastward. Please sing an old song for your father: It’s hard to be affectionate! After singing, they looked up to the sky and sighed, all four of them burst into tears.

7. "River Village" Tang Dynasty·Du Fu

The Qingjiang River embraces the village, and the Changxia River Village is quiet. The swallows in the hall since I left, the gulls in the water are close to each other. (Part 1 in the Hall: Liang Shang) The old wife draws paper to make a chess game, while the young boy knocks needles to make fishing hooks. But if you have an old friend to offer you rice, what more can you ask for in addition to your tiny body?

8. "Village Travel" Song Dynasty·Wang Yucheng

The chrysanthemums on the horse's path through the mountain are beginning to turn yellow, and the trust in the horse is long and prosperous. Thousands of valleys are filled with late music, and several peaks stand silently in the setting sun. Tangli leaves fall rouge color, buckwheat flowers bloom white and fragrant. What's the matter? I'm suddenly melancholy. The original trees on the village bridge look like my hometown.

9. "Village Living" Song Dynasty·Zhang Shunmin

The water surrounds the field, the bamboo surrounds the fence, and the elm coins are all gone, and the hibiscus flowers are sparse. There is no one lying on the cow's back at sunset, and the jackdaws return in twos and twos.

10. "The Event in Jiangcun" Tang Dynasty·Sikong Shu

After returning from fishing without tying up the boat, Jiangcun is sleeping under the moonlight. Even if the wind blows away all night, it is only by the shallow water of reed flowers.

11. "Evening View of Jiangcun" Song Dynasty: Dai Fushi

The setting sun shines on the flat sand at the head of the river, and the fishing boat pavilion is sloping on the bank when the tide recedes.

A pair of white birds stand near the water. When they see people, they get up and enter the reed flowers.

12. "Nanxiangzi·Autumn Twilight Village Dwelling" Qing Dynasty: Nalan Xingde

The red leaves are all over the cold stream, and the empty mountains are lined with thousands of trees. Try going up to the small building and looking at it, high and low. A smoke cage spreads ten miles away.

Barking dogs and crowing chickens, lights shining brightly on the way home. When I first drove through Hengshan, it was near and far, east and west. My home is alone in the cold forest.

13. "Yebo Water Village" Song Dynasty: Lu You

The feathers and arrows on the waist have withered for a long time, and the breath has not yet been recorded. I am as good as the desert, how can you cry in the new pavilion?

If you serve your country, you will die thousands of times, and your temples will never be green again. Remember the place where the boat is in the rivers and lakes, lying down to hear the news and the wild geese falling in the cold pavilion.

14. "Huanxisha·Jiangcun Daozhong" Song Dynasty: Fan Chengda

Ten miles west, the ripe rice smells fragrant, the hibiscus hedges are covered with long bamboo strands, and the hanging mountain fruits are green and yellow.

The thick fog makes the air moist in the autumn morning, and the thin clouds cover the cool afternoon, so there is no need to fly the cover to protect the military uniform.

15. "Jiang Shenzi·Xinghua Village Hall Wine Flag Style" Song Dynasty: Xie Yi

Xinghua Village Hall Wine Flag Style. Water soluble. Yang Canhong. The wild boat is crossing the river, and the willows are green and dense. Looking across the Yangtze River, the mountains are far away, no one can be seen, and the grass is empty.

A smoke cage outside the building at sunset. The powder is fragrant. Light eyebrow peak. I remember when we were young, we met on the screen. Only in Guanshan tonight is the moon, thousands of miles away, the light is the same. 2. Poems describing southern Anhui

A trip to southern Anhui (ten poems) A trip to southern Anhui. A trip to southern Anhui. Red flowers in the spring rain, green trees in the autumn wind, and river mist deep in the pine forest.

Old houses with white walls and black tiles, a few wisps of smoke from the kitchen and the setting sun. Looking back on those days, there were countless hardships. People moved and lived in mountain villages.

Xiaotaoyuan, a village in Qingxi, is on the road to officialdom. Happy Meeting·Huashan Mystery Cave The sparse forest is smoky and the clouds are low. To the west of the rope bridge, there are so many mysteries left in the ten-mile Huashan Mountain! What is the purpose of digging a deep hole? Fee is suspicious.

I think Wu Gong quarried stones to Tunxi! Qijue · The humble house in Hexian The humble house has a green curtain and a bright sky, where famous scholars talk and laugh among the mountains and rivers. The moss marks remind me of Chang'an's events, and the peach blossoms bloom again for another year.

Wujue·Dangtu Li Bai’s Tomb Taibai’s resting place is in the clouds and mist of the green mountains. If there are no ups and downs in life, where does poetry come from? Qijue·Revisiting Caishiji and remembering Yu Yunwen. The armored ships were lined up in a row, and the Jin soldiers were not allowed to cross the river.

Jitou pays homage to tourists and realizes that civil servants cannot be handsome.

Qijue·Climbing Mount Jiuhua. Life is limited and learning is boundless. In the new year, I sincerely go to Jiuhua Mountain.

The light of Buddha shines everywhere and we understand again, and every household in urban and rural areas is well-off. Qijue·Visit Xinghua Village. The farmhouses by the stream are half-closed, and the breeze leads to Xinghua Village.

Mu Zhi should be dreaming of Chizhou, and the fragrance of wine every day will break his soul. Qijue·Revisit Huangshan. The winding path is surrounded by mist and rain, and the cliffs are surrounded by strange rocks and green pines.

Huangshan is a wonderland all year round, and the mood becomes even more intense after the snow. Qijue·Xidi Village, Yixian County The mountains and rivers have always been in Huifu, and the folk customs have been in Chunnan, Anhui Province since ancient times.

I advise you to come frequently with your son to appreciate the human feelings in the small village. 3. The composition of the second unit of the second volume of the sixth grade is about the folk houses in southern Anhui

China has many characteristics. Folk customs, customs, and sentiments are all very unique. There are all kinds of folk customs, and folk customs are also colorful. Of course, there are also folk sentiments, which are too good to mention. In addition to these, of course there are also residential buildings. Having said so much, let’s get to the point. Today I will introduce to you the folk houses in southern Anhui. Wannan folk houses refer to the ancient villages located in the mountainous area south of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, represented by Xidi and Hongcun. They are represented by Huizhou (now Huangshan City, Jixi County and Jiangxi Wuyuan County) style and Huaiyang style. Huizhou folk houses have With strong Huizhou cultural characteristics, other residential buildings in southern Anhui profoundly highlight the style characteristics of its cultural transition zone. Let’s first introduce Hongcun in Anhui. Hongcun is located in the northeast of Yi County, Anhui Province. It was founded in the Shaoxi period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1131 AD) and has been here for more than 800 years. It is backed by the remaining veins of Huangshan Mountain, with steaming clouds and rosy clouds, just like a long scroll of mountains and rivers. It integrates natural landscape and cultural landscape into one, and is known as "the countryside in Chinese paintings". ah ! How beautiful the environment in Hongcun is! Then let’s take a look at what kind of folk houses there are in southern Anhui under such a beautiful scenery. Let’s take a look at what the architectural structure of the folk houses in southern Anhui is like. The ancient buildings in Hongcun are all with whitewashed walls and blue tiles, arranged in regular rows. Chengzhitang is the grandest and most exquisite masterpiece among them, and is known as the "Folk Forbidden City". It can be called an exhibition hall of Huizhou woodcarving craftsmanship. Various woodcarvings are rich in layers, complex and vivid. After more than a hundred years, they are still magnificent. The folk houses in southern Anhui are known as the "folk palace". The craftsmanship inside must be very exquisite. However, no matter how exquisite the house is, it must have good functions. Next, let's take a look at its functions. The cow-shaped villages and artificial water systems planned and built by the people of Gu Hongcun are "one of the great wonders in the history of architecture" today: the majestic and green Leigang is the head of the cow, the towering ancient trees are the horns, and the residential groups scattered from east to west are like huge cows. Body. The clear spring is named "cow intestine" and flows through the village into Yuetang, which is called "cow stomach". It is filtered and flows to Nanhu, which is called "cow stomach" outside the village. People also built four bridges on the rivers and streams surrounding the village as corbels. This ingenious and scientific design of the village water system not only provides fire-fighting water for the villagers, but also regulates the temperature, provides convenient production and domestic water for residents, and creates a "Huanji Wei Fang River is far away, in front of every house" A good environment with clear springs. Hongcun is built on mountains and rivers. Behind the village is a green mountain as a barrier. The terrain is high and can block the wind from the north. There is no danger of flash floods and the pleasure of looking up at the mountains and the sound of springs. It seems that the ancients were very smart. They spent a lot of effort on providing water for firefighting and regulating the temperature. However, they provided convenience for residents to use water for production and domestic use. How do people evaluate such a good residential house? When talking about the folk houses in southern Anhui, people naturally think of the blue bricks, black tiles and horse-head walls of Huizhou architecture. In fact, among Hui-style architecture, there is also a hanging mountain-style house with wooden frames and earth walls that is loved by farmers. This kind of house is built with wood, stone and adhesive that are abundant in the mountainous areas of southern Anhui as the main materials, with a beam-type wooden frame as the structural system and earth walls as the enclosure system. The folk houses in Wannan are introverted courtyards formed with a deep patio as the center. This basic form is the focus of people's attention. Rainwater falling on rainy days flows into the patio from the four roofs, which is commonly known as "four waters return to the hall". At the same time, it also vividly reflects the mentality of businessmen in southern Anhui that "the wealth should not flow to outsiders", which is similar to the folk houses in Shanxi. The site selection, layout and architectural form of ancient residential villages in southern Anhui are all guided by the Feng Shui theory of Zhouyi. It not only embodies the traditional Chinese philosophical thought of the unity of nature and man, but also expresses the yearning and respect for nature. There is so much to introduce today! Do you know something about the architectural structure, architectural function and people's evaluation of Wannan's folk houses? But if you only read other people's introductions, why not go and see it yourself and experience it?

Revise and revise by yourself 4. What are the history, legends, stories, poems, couplets and origins of the ancient villages in southern Anhui?

A scholar went out of the city to visit friends and came to a small town in a small town. In a medicine shop, I saw a young girl making ointment. She had a good appearance, and I admired her for being a scholar. I just didn't know if she was talented, so he stepped forward to test it out:

The ointment is edible. You can take medicine, but how can you take plasters?

The girl looked up when she heard the sound and saw that he was a scholar. She knew that he was trying to get something right. She thought to herself that scholars have a bit of a sour temper, so why don’t I respond like this, so she smiled and said:

Good temper. Medicine, Qi is good for medicine, temper is not good for medicine.

The scholar was very happy to see the girl's clever response, and wanted to try her again. He looked up and saw peonies growing in the medicine garden outside the door, and opened his mouth and chanted again:

Peony is being hoeed in the warm spring weather.

Unexpectedly, the girl opened her mouth and said:

Qiugao and Lu planted hibiscus.

At this time, the scholar was deeply in love with the girl, but he didn't know her before and couldn't speak to her, so he had to leave in despair, but he couldn't let the girl go in his heart. Seeing that the scholar had been uneasy, a friend asked him why, and said with a smile: "Brother, you really have a good eye. This woman wants to marry a talented man, but she has not married him yet. With my character (what kind of virtue?), this matter can be solved." It's on my younger brother. Just say it and keep it." (He helps the emperor to harm! Helps the tiger!) Later, the friend came forward to act as a matchmaker, and the girl saw the scholar, and she was willing to do so. ).

(2) When Yang Sheng'an, the famous litterateur of the Ming Dynasty, returned home as the number one scholar, he traveled along the waterway with Yi Wu, the number one scholar. The waterway is not wide, so one boat must go first and the other behind. Neither of them wanted their own boat to take second place.

Wu Zhuangyuan said to Yang Sheng'an: "I have a couplet. If you match it, I am willing to follow." Yang Sheng'an nodded in agreement. Wu Zhuangyuan read out the first couplet: "Two boats traveling together, the oars are not as fast as the sails."

This first couplet uses homophony to refer not only to objects, but also to Lu Su in the Three Kingdoms and Fan Kuai in the Western Han Dynasty. In "literacy is inferior to force". Yang Sheng'an thought hard, but finally couldn't get it right, so he had to follow up. Yang always kept this in mind. Ten years have passed. On this day when his son was getting married, the drums and music of the "Blessing Hall" were blaring, and he shouted: "I have it!" The correct one is: "Eight notes are played in unison, how can the flute be as clear as Xiao He."

This second couplet also uses homophony to refer to both objects and people, pointing out the military generals Di Qing in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty and Xiao He in the Western Han Dynasty. Di Qing was a military general and Xiao He was a civil servant. Contains the meaning of "wu is inferior to literature". Although this couplet is correct, it is ten years late. 5. A 300-word explanation of the folk houses in southern Anhui

Wannan folk houses refer to the ancient villages located in the mountainous area south of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, represented by Xidi and Hongcun. They have the same regional culture. The historical and traditional village in the background has strong Huizhou cultural characteristics.

The mountainous area of ??southern Anhui has a long history and profound cultural heritage, and has preserved a large number of traditional buildings and villages with similar shapes and distinctive features. The ancient villages in southern Anhui are not only cleverly integrated with the topography, landforms, and mountains and rivers, but also coupled with the strong economic strength of Huizhou merchants in the Ming and Qing Dynasties to support their hometown, cultural and educational development has become increasingly prosperous. Those Huizhou merchants returned home with elegance, literature, nobility, and detachment. The mentality of conceiving and building residences makes the cultural environment of the ancient village richer and the village landscape more prominent.

The biggest difference between the ancient villages in southern Anhui and other villages is that the construction and development of ancient villages in southern Anhui have to a considerable extent been independent of agriculture. The consciousness, lifestyle and taste of the residents of ancient villages greatly surpassed the ideology of farmers and the general citizen class, and pursued a life taste consistent with the literati and official classes, so they have a strong cultural flavor.

Based on the basic stereotypes, the ancient village houses in southern Anhui adopt different decorative techniques, build small courtyards, dig pools, install leaky windows, cleverly set up bonsai, carved beams and painted buildings, and inscribed orchid plaques to create an elegant living environment. , all reflect the extremely high cultural quality and artistic accomplishment of local residents. The site selection and construction of the ancient villages in Wannan follow the Zhouyi Feng Shui theory with a history of more than 2,000 years, which emphasizes the ideal state of the unity of nature and man and full respect for the natural environment. It pays attention to the dual needs of material and spiritual, has a scientific foundation and high aesthetic concept.

The architectural features of the ancient villages in Wannan were developed with the prosperity of Huizhou merchants during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They can best reflect the exquisiteness of their conception and superb craftsmanship in a limited building space. Unique architectural form. Later, Huizhou merchants gradually declined, but the architectural features of this kind of Huizhou folk houses were preserved because they were attached to the ancient folk houses and villages, so they have important historical and architectural value. 6. An essay on the folk houses in southern Anhui

Xidi and Hongcun in Yixian County are the most representative of the folk houses in southern Anhui. They were included in the "World Heritage List" in 2000.

Hongcun now has more than 140 well-preserved ancient dwellings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The rows of stacked courtyards in the village complement each other with the beautiful lakes and mountains. The movement and stillness are harmonious, and the scenery is everywhere, making you step into the picture.

Hongcun, with its wonderful pastoral scenery, is known as the “Village in Chinese Paintings”. There are 124 ancient residences from the Ming and Qing Dynasties and 3 ancestral halls existing in Xidi.

The "three wonders" (houses, ancestral halls, and archways) and the "three carvings" (wood carvings, stone carvings, and brick carvings) that represent the Huizhou style of residential architecture are well preserved here. Green tiles and white walls are the outstanding impressions of Huizhou architecture.

The well-proportioned horse head wall not only has the beauty of shape, but more importantly, it has the practical function of fire prevention and blocking the spread of fire. One of the characteristics of Huizhou folk houses is the high walls and deep courtyards. On the one hand, it is to protect against thieves, and on the other hand, it is the need for psychological security for migratory families who have suffered from displacement.

Another characteristic of Huizhou folk houses is the inward courtyard formed with a deep patio as the center, surrounded by high walls. There are almost no tiles visible outside, and only the long and narrow patio provides lighting, ventilation and connection with the outside world. communicate.

This basic form with the patio as the center and enclosed by high walls is the focus of people's attention.

The rainwater that falls on rainy days flows into the patio from the four roofs. It is commonly known as "four waters return to the hall". It also vividly reflects the mentality of Huizhou merchants that "rich water does not flow out of the fields", which is similar to Shanxi folk houses. . The folk houses in Wannan are famous for preserving a large number of ancient buildings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Xin'an is a cultural town with many officials and merchants in history. In She County alone, there are hundreds of non-commissioned officers above the rank of civil servant. Huizhou merchants spread throughout southern Anhui.

"Among the rich, Xin'an is the first in Jiangnan." Their huge wealth has created this exquisite ancient residence museum in southern Anhui. The ancient buildings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties that exist in Huizhou today are mainly concentrated in Yi County, She County, Jixi and Xiuning.

There are more than ten ancient villages in Yi County today, the important ones such as Xidi, Hongcun, Bishan, Pingshan, etc. There are more ancient buildings in Yicheng.

Hundreds of valuable ancient buildings are preserved throughout the county. There are 122 buildings in Xidi alone.

There are 365 ancient buildings in Shexian County, more than 100 valuable ones, and 27 ancient ancestral halls, concentrated in Xiongcun, Chengkan, Qiankou, Tangyue, Shendu and other villages. There are more than 100 ancient buildings in Jixi today, concentrated in Homtou, Hangkou, Fengcun, Shangzhuang and other places.

Ancient villages generally consist of archways, houses, ancestral halls, water mouths, road pavilions, workshops, etc. Some villages are very large, such as Chengkan, which has 99 streets and lanes. Strangers often get lost after entering. . Many villages have a well-organized layout, and the water system in Hongcun is an example.

Hongcun built a dam at the head of the village against the mountain. The water canals in the village enter each household from both sides of the street and merge into the Yuetang in the middle of the village. Then it is diverted to households and flows into Nanhu Lake.

Each household has large and small water channels for washing and drinking water. The layout of residential buildings is generally a three-heyuan or four-heyyuan with a patio as the center, with two floors.

Medium and large-sized houses are composed of multiple courtyards, and the buildings are all painted with white walls and black tiles. Many buildings of wealthy families in the old days were large in scale and decorated with three Huizhou carvings, with exquisite and well-proportioned layouts.

Pieces of ancient buildings in southern Anhui are embedded in the vast famous mountains and beautiful waters of Huangshan Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain and Xin'an River. They are a perfect match between heaven and earth, just like a world-class park that needs no decoration. The folk houses in Wannan are buildings with more than two floors, with a small patio enclosed in the middle, and the hall is located on the north side of the patio.

There are no walls, doors or windows between the hall and the patio, so it is an open space. On the north side of the hall, that is, at the rear, there is a wooden Taishi wall. On both sides of the Taishi wall are doors without door leaves.

Furniture such as a table and the Eight Immortals table are placed in front of the Taishi wall. On the east and west sides of the hall, there are several groups of back chairs and coffee tables respectively. People often place some utensils on them as decoration.

Wannan ancient villages refer to ancient villages located in the mountainous area south of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, represented by Xidi and Hongcun. They are historical and traditional villages with the same regional cultural background and have strong Huizhou cultural characteristics. The mountainous area of ??southern Anhui has a long history and profound cultural heritage, and has preserved a large number of traditional buildings and villages with similar shapes and distinctive features.

The ancient villages in southern Anhui are not only cleverly integrated with the topography, landforms, and mountains and rivers, but also coupled with the strong economic strength of Huizhou merchants in the Ming and Qing Dynasties to support their hometowns, culture and education have become increasingly prosperous. Those Huizhou merchants returned to their hometowns. Residences are conceived and built with elegance, elegance, nobility and detachment, making the cultural environment of the ancient village richer and the village landscape more prominent. The biggest difference between ancient villages in southern Anhui and other village forms is that the construction and development of ancient villages in southern Anhui have to a considerable extent separated from dependence on agriculture.

The consciousness, lifestyle and taste of the residents of ancient villages greatly surpassed the ideology of farmers and the general citizen class, and pursued a life taste consistent with the literati and official classes, so they have a strong cultural flavor. On the basis of the basic stereotypes, the ancient village houses in Wannan adopt different decorative techniques, build small courtyards, dig pools, install leaky windows, skillfully set up bonsais, carve beams and painted pillars, and inscribe orchid plaques to create an elegant living environment, all of which reflect the extremely high values ??of local residents. High cultural quality and artistic accomplishment.

The site selection and construction of ancient villages in southern Anhui follow the Zhouyi Feng Shui theory with a history of more than 2,000 years, which emphasizes the ideal state of the unity of nature and man and full respect for the natural environment. It pays attention to the dual needs of material and spiritual. It has a scientific foundation and a high aesthetic concept. The architectural features of the ancient villages in Wannan were developed with the prosperity of Huizhou merchants during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They are unique architectural forms that can best reflect the exquisiteness of their conception and superb craftsmanship in a limited building space.

Later, Huizhou merchants gradually declined, but the architectural features of this kind of Huizhou folk houses were preserved because they were attached to the ancient folk houses and villages, so they have important historical and architectural value.

7. In the essay about the ancient dwellings in southern Anhui, you should write about the characteristics. The structure should be clear and about 1,000 words

I have long heard that the ancient dwellings in southern Anhui have outstanding characteristics, and I was able to visit in person this year. It is really wonderful. There are many places in southern Anhui. Qiuling is rich in bamboo, wood, tea, rice, etc., and there are many streams in the mountains. It is a land of fish and rice. In the early years, it was the place where Huizhou merchants were entrenched. Therefore, southern Anhui is rich. In addition, southern Anhui has been a center of humanities since ancient times, including Huizhou. With its own painting school, medicine, art system, etc., the folk houses in southern Anhui were formed under this background. The clusters of ancient folk houses in southern Anhui are generally small in size, mostly consisting of more than ten households, and are relatively loosely distributed on the flat land in a certain mountain. Or on the hillside, unlike the villages in the north, where houses are connected to each other, but there is a little distance between each house. When I found out the reason, the locals couldn't explain it clearly. I thought it might be the terrain in the mountains. Therefore, when building a house, it must be built according to the mountainous terrain. Without the flat land in the north, a northern-style village would not be built. I remember reading a book before that said that leaving a little distance can also prevent fire. It is not impossible. Reason. It is said that there was a fire in Hangzhou. All the other buildings on a street were burned down. Only one Huizhou building remained, and this house was a residential-style building in southern Anhui. The roof ridge was not connected to other houses. Coupled with the role of the horse head wall, it is the main reason why it can be preserved. There are also a considerable number of folk houses in southern Anhui built on the broad land in the mountains. They are generally larger in scale, with about a hundred families living together, and the roads in the villages are relatively small. Narrow, the architectural style is still blue tiles, white walls and horse-head walls. It’s just that the southern Anhui folk houses on the flat land are mostly surrounded by water. There are many ponds and ditches in the village. The so-called small bridges and flowing water people’s houses can be used to describe another characteristic of the southern Anhui folk houses. . Green tiles and white walls are the outstanding impressions of Huizhou architecture. The well-proportioned horse head wall not only has the beauty of shape, but more importantly, it has the practical function of fire prevention and blocking the spread of fire. One of the characteristics of Huizhou folk houses is the high The deep walls of the courtyard are, on the one hand, a defense against thieves, and on the other hand, they are the need for psychological safety for migrant families who have suffered from displacement. Another characteristic of Huizhou folk houses is the inward courtyard formed with a deep patio as the center, surrounded by Enclosed by high walls, there are almost no tiles visible from the outside, and only the narrow patio is used for lighting and ventilation to communicate with the outside world. This basic shape with the patio as the center and closed by high walls is the focus of people's attention. On rainy days, the rainwater falling from the roofs on all sides It flows into the courtyard, commonly known as "four waters return to the hall", which also vividly reflects the mentality of Huizhou merchants that "rich water does not flow out of the fields", which is similar to Shanxi folk houses. The folk houses in southern Anhui are famous for preserving a large number of ancient buildings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Xin'an is well-known as the hometown of culture. There were many officials and merchants in history. There were hundreds of non-commissioned officers above the rank of 100 people in She County alone. Huizhou merchants spread all over southern Anhui. "The richest people in Jiangnan are the most powerful in Xin'an." They are huge The wealth has created this exquisite ancient residential museum in southern Anhui. The ancient buildings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Huizhou are mainly concentrated in Yixian, Shexian, Jixi, and Xiuning. There are more than ten ancient villages in Yixian, and important ones such as Xidi, Hongcun, Bishan, Pingshan, etc. There are more ancient buildings in Yicheng. Hundreds of valuable ancient buildings are preserved in the county. There are 122 buildings in Xidi alone. There are 365 ancient buildings in She County. There are more than 100 valuable buildings and 27 ancient ancestral halls, concentrated in Xiongcun, Chengkan, Qiankou, Tangyue, Shendu and other villages. There are more than 100 ancient buildings in Jixi today, concentrated in Homtou, Hangkou, Fengkou and other villages. Villages, Shangzhuang, etc. Ancient villages are generally composed of archways, dwellings, ancestral halls, water mouths, road pavilions, workshops, etc. Some villages are very large, such as Chengkan, which has 99 streets and lanes. Strangers often get lost after entering. Many villages have an orderly layout, and the water system in Hongcun is an example. Hongcun builds a dam at the head of the village against the mountain. The water canals in the village enter each household from both sides of the street, and merge into the Yuetang in the middle of the village. The water is then distributed to households and flows into the South Lake. Each household There are large and small water channels for washing and drinking water. The layout of residential buildings is generally a three-sided courtyard or a quadrangle courtyard with a patio as the center, with two floors. Medium-sized and large-sized houses are composed of multiple courtyards, and the buildings are all painted with white walls and black tiles. In the old days, large households Many of their buildings are large in scale and decorated with Huizhou three carvings. They are exquisitely laid out and well-proportioned. Pieces of ancient buildings in southern Anhui are embedded in the vast famous mountains and beautiful waters of Huangshan Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain and Xin'anjiang. They are a perfect match between heaven and earth, just like a needless building. A world-class park decorated with... 8. When writing about ancient dwellings in southern Anhui, you need to write about their characteristics

Beijing Siheyuan: Beijing Siheyuan is a brick-wood structure Beijing Siheyuan building, with purlins, columns, beams (trusses), sills, rafters, doors, windows, and partitions. Fans, etc. are all made of wood, and the wooden frame is surrounded by brick walls.

The beams, columns, doors, windows and cornices and rafters all need to be painted. Although it is not as magnificent as the palace garden, it is still colorful. It is customary to build walls with ground bricks and broken bricks. It is said that "Beijing has three treasures...the walls built with rotten bricks will not fall down."

Most of the roof tiles are blue tiles, with the front and back interlocking, with dripping water installed in front of the eaves, or no tiles are laid, and the whole roof is plastered with green ash, which is called "grey shed". Yurt: The traditional dwelling of the Mongolian nomads.

In ancient times, it was called Qionglu, also known as felt tent, and Yu nomadic. It has been around since the time of the Xiongnu and is still used today.

The yurt is round in shape, with the surrounding side walls divided into several blocks, each block is about 13 meters high, and is covered with woven strips of wood; most of them are swimming in nomadic areas. The nomadic type is divided into two types: detachable and non-detachable. The former is carried by livestock, and the latter is carried by oxcart. Herders such as Ke and other ethnic groups also live in yurts when they are nomadic.

The yurt is mainly composed of three parts: wood, thatch, and ropes. It does not use cement, adobe, bricks or tiles, and the raw materials are either wood or wool. It can be described as a wonder in the history of architecture and a major contribution of the nomadic people.

Folk houses in southern Anhui: Xidi and Hongcun in Yi County are the most representative of the folk houses in southern Anhui. They were included in the "World Heritage List" in 2000. Hongcun now has more than 140 well-preserved ancient dwellings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The rows of stacked courtyards in the village complement each other with the beautiful lakes and mountains. The movement and stillness are harmonious, and the scenery is everywhere, making you step into the picture. Hongcun, with its wonderful pastoral scenery, is known as the "Village in Chinese Paintings".

There are 124 ancient residences from the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Xidi and 3 ancestral halls. The "three wonders" (residences, ancestral halls, and archways) and the "three carvings" (wood carvings, stone carvings, and brick carvings) that represent the Huizhou style of residential architecture are well preserved here.