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I admired Archimedes very much and sent someone to post a notice: "From now on, no matter what Archimedes says, you must believe him." The Mystery of the Golden Crown

King Hernon asked the goldsmith to make a pure gold crown for him. After it was completed, the king suspected that the craftsman had mixed silver into the gold crown, but the gold crown was indeed as heavy as the pure gold that was originally given to the goldsmith. , is the craftsman causing trouble? Wanting to test the authenticity without destroying the crown, this problem not only stumped the king, but also made the ministers look at each other. Later, the king gave it to Archimedes. Archimedes tried hard to think of many ways, but they all failed. One day, he went to the bathhouse to take a bath. As he sat in the tub, he saw the water overflowing and felt his body being gently pulled up. Suddenly he had a sudden enlightenment, jumped out of the bath, and ran straight to the palace without even bothering to put on his clothes, shouting "Fureka" (Fureka, I know) all the way. It turned out that he had thought that if the crown was put in If the amount of water discharged after being immersed in water is not equal to the amount of water discharged by gold of the same weight, it must be mixed with other metals. This is the famous law of buoyancy, which states that an object immersed in a liquid is subject to an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the object. Later, this law was named Archimedes' law. Patriot Archimedes

In Archimedes' later years, the Roman army invaded Syracuse. Archimedes guided his compatriots to create many offensive and defensive weapons. When Marcellus, the leader of the invading army, led his troops to attack the city, he designed a trebuchet that beat the enemy to tears. The iron claw crane he built could lift and invert enemy ships and throw them into the depths of the sea. Legend has it that he also led the people of Syracuse to make a large concave mirror to focus sunlight on approaching enemy ships, causing them to burn. The Roman soldiers were frightened by these frequent blows, and the trees and grass were all in disarray. As soon as they saw ropes or logs being thrown from the city, they exclaimed "Archimedes is coming" and ran away with their heads in their hands. The Roman army was held back from the city for three years. Finally, in 212 BC, the Romans took advantage of the slight laxity in the defense of the ancient city of Syracuse and launched a massive attack into the city. At this time, Archimedes was concentrating on studying a profound mathematical problem. A Roman soldier broke in and trampled on the figure he had drawn. Archimedes argued angrily with him. The cruel soldier was not willing to listen. He was the only one who saw him. With a wave of the knife, a brilliant scientific star fell.

Overcome the disabled Barreni - Persistence

Barreni became disabled due to illness when she was a child. Her mother's heart was like a knife, but she still held back her Grief. She thought that what the child needed most now was encouragement and help, not the mother's tears. The mother came to Barreni's hospital bed, held his hand and said: "Son, mother believes that you are an ambitious person, and I hope you can use your own legs to walk bravely on the road of life! Good job!" Reni, can you promise mom?"

His mother's words hit Barreni's heart like a hammer. He cried "Wow" and threw himself into his mother's arms.

From then on, whenever her mother had free time, she would practice walking and gymnastics for Barreni, and she was often so exhausted that she was sweating profusely. One time, my mother caught a bad cold. She thought that mothers should not only teach through words, but also teach by example. Despite having a high fever, she got out of bed and helped Barreni practice walking as planned. Bean-like sweat dripped down her mother's face. She wiped it with a dry towel, gritted her teeth, and helped Barreni complete the day's exercise plan.

Physical exercise makes up for the inconvenience caused by his disability. The role of his mother's example deeply educated Barreni, and he finally withstood the harsh blow given to him by fate. He studies hard and his academic performance has always been among the best in the class. Finally, he was admitted to the Medical College of the University of Vienna with excellent results. After graduating from university, Barreni devoted all his energy to the research of otological neurology. Finally, he finally got on the podium of the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine.

Joule seeks knowledge - loves to learn

The famous British scientist Joule loved physics since he was a child. He often did some experiments on electricity and heat by himself. One year during the holidays, Joule and his brother traveled to the countryside together. The smart and studious Joule did not forget to do his physics experiments even when he was playing.

He found a lame horse, held by his brother, and quietly hid behind it. He used a Voda battery to pass current to the horse, hoping to test the animal's reaction after being stimulated by the current. reaction. As a result, the reaction he wanted to see appeared. After receiving the electric shock, the horse jumped wildly and almost kicked his brother.

Although danger has appeared, this has not affected the mood of Xiao Joule, who loves to experiment, at all. He and Giulia rowed a boat to a lake surrounded by mountains. Joule wanted to test how big the echo was here. They filled their muskets with gunpowder and pulled the triggers. Unexpectedly, with a "bang", a long flame spurted out from the muzzle of the gun, burning Joule's eyebrows, and almost scared his brother into falling into the lake.

At this time, the sky was covered with thick clouds, and there was lightning and thunder. Joule, who was just about to go ashore to hide from the rain, found that it took a long time after the lightning to hear the rumble of thunder. What was going on?

Joule didn’t care about hiding from the rain, so he dragged his brother up a hill and carefully recorded the time between lightning and thunder with his pocket watch. After school started, Joule couldn't wait to tell the teacher all the experiments he had done and asked for advice.

The teacher looked at the studious and inquiring Joule and smiled, and patiently explained to him: "The propagation speeds of light and sound are different. The speed of light is fast and the speed of sound is slow, so people always want to see lightning before hearing it. The thunder and lightning actually happened at the same time."

Joule suddenly understood. From then on, he became more obsessed with learning scientific knowledge. Through continuous learning and careful observation and calculation, he finally discovered the thermal work equivalent and the law of energy conservation, and became an outstanding scientist.

Telegraph fan and newspaper fan Edison - Persistence

Edison is a famous inventor in the world. He has more than a thousand inventions, such as electric light, phonograph, movie player, etc. He invented them all. However, in his childhood, Edison only went to school for a few years because of his poor family. When he was twelve years old, he went to sell newspapers on the train. Unable to go to school to study, he studied on his own. He loves learning very much. He reads books and newspapers while selling newspapers, and seizes the time to study and do experiments.

Edison's father usually had very strict requirements on his family. He stipulated that the whole family must turn off the lights and go to bed before 11:30 every night. However, Edison often returned home at eleven o'clock in the evening after selling newspapers, so he had no time to do his favorite experiments after returning home. How could this work? This was simply unbearable for Edison, who liked to learn and explore on his own. So he thought about it and finally came up with a good way to get his father to support his experiment.

One day, Edison used copper wire to set up a wire on a tree and connected it directly to his good friend's house. He left the remaining newspapers and a telegraph machine at his friend's house. After arriving home in the evening, his father wanted to read the newspaper. Edison said that today's newspaper was sold out. At first his father was not very sorry. In order to arouse his father's interest, Edison began to talk about how fresh and interesting the content of today's newspaper was. It was a pity that he didn't read it. When Edison's father heard him talk so vividly, he really wanted to read it. So he asked Edison if he could still find a way to get one. Edison said that his friend Belle also had a copy, and he could send the contents of the newspaper over by telegraph. At this time, Edison's father became addicted to reading newspapers, so he readily agreed to it.

Edison's father was very happy when he saw that his son's home-made telegraph machine actually worked. I thought to myself, this kid is not simple either! From then on, he never stopped Edison from conducting telegraph experiments at night. Later, after hard work, Edison finally became a great scientist in the world.

Hillary: A little girl with leadership skills

Sharp-tongued? Brave and wise? Aggressive? People always seem to have mixed opinions about Hillary, but one thing you can't deny is that she is definitely the world's first-class female politician. Hillary is in no way inferior to her husband Clinton. Not only has she excelled in her studies since she was a child, she has also shown strong leadership and social skills.

Hillary was born into a middle-class family in Chicago. An incident when she was 4 years old exercised little Hillary's strong will and determination. At that time, there was a domineering little girl in the community who always bullied Hillary. Hillary was very scared and complained to her mother in tears. Her mother told Hillary that if she was bullied, she must fight back without fear. Little Hillary did. After that, Hillary's natural leadership skills became increasingly apparent, and a large group of children soon gathered around her.

Beckham: Understanding his father’s good intentions from the “gamble”

Has anyone counted how many people’s attention Beckham has attracted on the court? Whenever the world's top star appears on the court, countless screams immediately ring out throughout the stadium, and the camera shutters also flash. Beckham has been playing football since he was 3 years old. Although he was still "playing" more than "practicing" at that time, his father had been training him painstakingly, and his naughty boy gradually established his love for football.

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When he was in elementary school, Beckham and his father even agreed on a regular "bet": If Beckham could stand on the edge of the penalty area and shoot without running up, he would score the goal every time. If the ball hits the goalpost, you can earn 50 pennies from your father. Xiaobei was very happy to always win pocket money. It was not until he grew up that he understood his father's good intentions.

Carly Fiorina: Benefited a lot from her mother

Carly, the former head of HP. Fiorina was once the brightest scene in the male-dominated Silicon Valley. Carly, who is shrewd, capable and perseverant, has twice topped the list of "Fortune"'s "Most Authoritative Female Entrepreneurs", attracting the attention of the world. Carly has been influenced by her mother since she was a child. She learned strength, erudition and love for life from her mother, and she benefited from her throughout her life.

Carly was born in Texas, USA, to a family with European ancestry. His father is a federal court judge and his mother is an artist. In Carly's childhood, her mother has always been the person she admired most.

Mother loves life and teaches Carly the principles of life so that Carly can maximize her potential. Carly traveled to many countries with her parents during her childhood, which not only broadened her horizons, but also cultivated the breadth and depth of thinking about issues, which also had an impact on her becoming a courageous, courageous, confident and passionate person.

One of the stories of Madame Curie: Simple Life

When Madame Curie and Pierre Curie got married in 1895, there were only two chairs in the new house, one for each of them. Bundle. Pierre Curie felt that there were too few chairs and suggested adding a few more to avoid having no place to sit when guests came. However, Madame Curie said: "It is good to have chairs, but guests will not leave after they sit down. In order to have more If you have time to do research, forget it."

Since 1913, Madame Curie's annual salary has increased to 40,000 francs, but she is still "stingy". Every time she comes back from abroad, she always brings back some menus from the banquet, because these menus are made of very thick and fine paper, and it is very convenient to write on the back. No wonder some people said that Madame Curie was "like a poor woman in a hurry" until her death.

Once, an American reporter was looking for Madame Curie. He walked to the door of a fisherman's house in the village and asked a woman sitting barefoot on the stone slab at the door where Madame Curie lived. When the woman raised her head, the reporter was shocked: it turned out to be Marie Curie. Story 2: Indifferent to fame and fortune

Mrs. Curie is famous all over the world, but she neither seeks fame nor fortune. She won 10 bonuses, 16 medals, and 107 honorary titles in her lifetime, but she didn't care at all. One day, a friend of hers came to her home and suddenly saw her little daughter playing with the gold medal that the Royal Society had just awarded her. He was surprised and said, "Mrs. Curie, she got a medal from the Royal Society." , is a very high honor, how can you give it to your children to play with?" Madame Curie smiled and said: "I want my children to know from an early age that honors are like toys, they can only be played with, and they must not be taken too seriously. Otherwise, nothing will be achieved. "Story 3: "Teach your daughter well"

Mrs. Curie had two daughters. "Seizing the age advantage of intellectual development" is Marie Curie's important "know-how" for developing children's intelligence. As early as when her daughter was less than one year old, Madame Curie guided her children to engage in intellectual gymnastics training for young children, guide them to have extensive contact with strangers, go to the zoo to watch animals, let them learn to swim, and appreciate the beauty of nature. When the children are a little older, she teaches them a kind of artistic intellectual gymnastics, sings children's songs, and tells them fairy tales. When they get older, let the children undergo intellectual training, teach them to read, play the piano, do handicrafts, etc., and also teach them to ride bicycles and ride horses. After Madame Curie and her husband won the Nobel Prize, two pairs of descendants trained by Madame Curie also won the Nobel Prize: the eldest daughter Irene, a nuclear physicist, and she and her husband Joliot discovered that Artificial radioactive substances and jointly won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The second daughter, Eve, is a musician and biographer. Her husband won the 1956 Nobel Peace Prize as the Director-General of the United Nations Children's Fund. Beethoven

My grandfather and father were both court singers. Most of the time, his father was drunk and never cared about the family harmony. He never even cared about whether the family had enough food and clothing. At first, the kind-hearted grandfather could save the family from too much suffering; in turn, his eldest grandson's musical talent also made the old man feel great comfort . But when little Beethoven was only four years old, his grandfather died. Beethoven's father often dragged his son to the piano keyboard, made him practice hard for many hours, and slapped him every time he made a mistake. Neighbors often heard the little child sobbing to sleep from fatigue and pain. Soon, Pfeiffer, a traveling musician with little skill, came to this town and was taken to Beethoven's home. He and the old Beethoven often drank in a tavern outside until midnight, and then went home and dragged little Ludwig out of bed to start class. This class sometimes was not completed until dawn. In order to make him look like a child prodigy, his father lied about his age and took him out to perform a concert as a six-year-old when he was eight years old. But there is no child prodigy in the world who is nurtured. Although he spent a lot of time, the old Beethoven was never able to cultivate his son into another young Mozart.

Once, in order to allow air circulation and see the scenery outside the window clearly, he deliberately cut off a piece of the window. He was always having troubles with his landlords and was constantly moving. Whenever he was at the height of his creativity, he would pour basin after basin of water over his head to cool it down, until the water soaked into the rooms downstairs - one can only imagine the mood of the landlord and other tenants. ! Sometimes he moved so frequently that he wouldn't even bother putting the legs up on the piano and would just sit on the floor and play it. Since he had to sign a lease specifying the lease term every time he rented a new house, he often paid rent for four apartments at the same time. This is probably the reason why although he earns a lot of money, he never has much savings! One autumn, Beethoven went to travel and perform in various places and came to a small town on the Rhine River. One night, while walking on a quiet path, he heard the intermittent sound of a piano coming from a hut, playing his own music. Beethoven approached the hut, the sound of the piano suddenly stopped, and someone was talking in the house.

One girl said: "How difficult this piece is to play!" I've only heard others play it a few times, but I can't remember how to play it. It would be great if I could hear how Beethoven played it himself! ?One man said: ?Yes, but the concert tickets are too expensive and we are too poor. The girl quickly said: "Brother, don't be sad, I just said it casually." ?When Beethoven heard this, he opened the door and walked in gently. There was a candle burning in the hut, and under the weak candlelight, the man was making leather shoes. There was an old piano in front of the window, and sitting in front of it was a girl of sixteen or seventeen years old. She had a pretty face, but she was blind. The shoemaker saw a stranger coming in, stood up and asked: "Sir, who are you looking for?" Did you go to the wrong door? ?Beethoven said: ?No, I am here to play a piece of music for this girl. ?The girl quickly stood up and gave up her seat. Beethoven sat in front of the piano and played the piece that the blind girl had just played. The blind girl listened with rapt attention. After the song was over, she said excitedly: "You play so skillfully!" What deep feelings! You, are you Mr. Beethoven? ?Beethoven did not answer. He asked the blind girl: ?Do you like to hear it? Let me play you another song. ?A gust of wind blew out the candle. The moonlight shines through the window, and everything in the hut seems to be covered with silver gauze. Beethoven looked at the poor brother and sister standing beside him, and pressed the keys in the quiet moonlight. The shoemaker listened quietly, as if he was facing the sea. The moon was rising from where the water and the sky met. The sparkling sea surface was filled with silver light for a while. The moon rises higher and higher, passing through wisps of veil-like clouds.

In 1807, Beethoven was living in the home of Duke Lichnovsky in Vienna. One day, a large number of guests came to the Duke's house. They were all French officers sent by Napoleon to occupy Vienna. The Duke wanted to invite the guests to listen to music, so he sent someone to invite Beethoven, but did not explain the situation to Beethoven. Beethoven didn't know what was going on, so he came excitedly with his newly written "Appassionata Sonata". When he entered the living room, he saw a group of occupying troops. Beethoven immediately rejected the Duke's request. The Duke became so angry that he ordered Beethoven to play with a straight face. Beethoven was so angry at Lichnovsky's shameless traitorous act that he picked up the music and left angrily despite the heavy rain at night, and smashed a bust that the Duke had given him before. The next day, the Duke received such a letter: "Duke! Your status is due to accidental birth. And the reason why I became Beethoven is all because of myself. The Duke has more now, and there will still be more in the future, and I There is only one Beethoven!" Perhaps the actual situation was more violent than what the data stated, but Beethoven's friends tried to cover it up. The "Weigler and Friend Beethoven of the Brühling Family" in the Weigler database contains a letter from Rees to Weigler on December 28, 1837, mentioning: "If Count Opsdorf and others were not present, , a fight was inevitable, Beethoven had already raised a chair and was about to attack Prince Lichnovsky, because Beethoven hid in the room and locked the door, but the prince knocked the door open. Fortunately, Opsdorf blocked it. Between the two of them. "The quarrel started when Beethoven refused to play for some French officers who were invited to a dinner party for him by Beethoven.

But Beethoven loved them; he said some words that showed his gratitude to them, but this gratitude did not authorize anyone to interfere with his freedom. 〈Deafness〉 When he really felt that his ears were getting deafer, he almost despaired. Life seemed not worth living: what could be more unfortunate for a musician than not being able to hear the sweet sound he loved to hear and by which he lived! At first, only a few old friends such as Dr. Wigler and Stephan von Breuning knew about his misfortune. He gave up going to the palaces to hear the cheerful concerts which he loved so much. He was afraid that people would notice his deafness, thinking that a musician who could not hear the sound could not write good works. No! He thought of all the music he wanted to write, "I want to grab fate by the throat!" Maybe for him, composing music when he was deaf was not as difficult as other musicians. In his view, music is not only the use of charming sounds to arrange various themes or sound patterns, it is also a language that expresses the most profound thoughts.

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In 1792, with the encouragement and support of Haydn, Beethoven came to settle in Vienna. He first entered the aristocratic courts of Vienna as a talented young pianist, and was warmly received and protected by the aristocrats. He also once had illusions about the upper class society. However, Beethoven's era was different from that of Haydn and Mozart. The era gave Beethoven more mature bourgeois consciousness and personal self-confidence and self-esteem. Therefore, he was not willing to be a slave of the noble family from the beginning, but wanted to have an equal status with the nobles. Later, Beethoven gradually discovered that there was a great contradiction between his bourgeois ideals and the feudal society at that time. In addition, he began to face the threat of deafness in 1796, which caused Beethoven to quickly develop a dissatisfaction with reality and a rebellion against his personal destiny. thoughts and feelings.

After 1797, Beethoven suffered from deafness, and his condition worsened year by year. For a musician, there is no heavier blow than this! The devil restricted the composer's contacts with the outside world and hindered his piano performance. He had to give up performing and lived in seclusion in the countryside of Vienna for a long time.

Since 1800, Beethoven naturally gradually broke away from the influence of Haydn and Mozart in his creation, striving to create his own artistic style and pursue new ideals. The "Third Symphony" ("Eroica Symphony") he completed in 1803 marked a new stage of development in his creation - a period of maturity. His creative power during this period was extremely strong, showing giant-like working ability and producing many outstanding works. The basic ideological logic of Beethoven's works in his mature period - "Victory through struggle" - was gradually established during this period. A new style of heroic and mass symphony was formed, with revolutionary content, dramatic symphony development techniques, Various major innovations in form, etc., have achieved further development during this period. Beethoven's most outstanding works were almost all created while he was deaf for the next thirty years of his life.

1815-1819 was a four-year period of crisis that Beethoven experienced. At that time, Europe fell into a period of reactionary feudal restoration, the revolutionary power of the bourgeoisie was strangled, and darkness enveloped the European continent. During this period, Beethoven's thoughts were relatively complex. His confidence and determination were disturbed by disappointment and wavering; his creative heroic style changed to a lyrical style; he produced very few works and spent most of his time collecting, exploring and adapting folk songs from various European countries. superior. This fully shows that the pacifists in the period of rising bourgeoisie have their historical limitations. However, Beethoven finally struggled out of silence and passed his crisis period. From 1819 onwards, Beethoven once again focused his attention on the anti-feudal struggle. The five piano sonatas, five string quartets, and even the greatest of his creations, the Ninth Symphony (Choral Symphony), all have profound significance. But Beethoven's last years were the most tragic and painful years of his life. The threat of loneliness and poverty made him depressed and lonely. He died of illness in Vienna on March 26, 1827. It is said that at his last moment, amid heavy rain and lightning, Beethoven raised his withered arms to the sky in a final struggle. This spirit of endless fighting in life is all concentrated in his immortal masterpieces.

Beethoven is one of the greatest creators of human art. On the one hand, he has an outstanding musical talent, a fiery rebellious temperament and a strong character like a giant; on the other hand, his indomitable will and lofty thoughts arising from his sense of social responsibility form his special qualities as a musician. Through his own creation, especially in his nine symphonies, he reflected the great people's movements and the most progressive ideas of that era. Taking the fate of the times and individuals as themes, he wrote a series of symphonic works through a combination of profound philosophy and touching artistic images, which showed the rise of the bourgeoisie from struggle to victory, from darkness to light, and from suffering to happiness. The spiritual journey of the period, his nine symphonies will always shine like pearls.

Through the study and analysis of Beethoven's nine symphonies, especially the analysis of four of them (i.e. the third, fifth, sixth and ninth) title symphonies, we can not only understand Beethoven's The basic appearance of all creations and his great and innocent thoughts, and you can also understand the major innovations in symphony creation, and see how symphony transitioned from the era of Haydn and Mozart to the new era represented by Schubert and Mendelssohn. development period. As early as Beethoven's lifetime, he was already recognized as a musician of world significance. He was not only a great classical composer, but also went down in history as a pioneer of the Romantics.