Sun Shuangjin, I would like to ask the following questions: First, how to teach vernacular Chinese? How to teach vernacular Chinese? Talk about my understanding of the text. First, how did the vernacular Chinese come into being? What are its characteristics? I started with a story by Liang Qichao. Liang Qichao, everyone knows, everyone knows. One day, when he met his teacher, he asked the teacher devoutly, "Teacher, please express your opinion on my article." The teacher said, "You are already everyone. Do you want me to say it? " Liang Qichao said, "You will always be my teacher. Please comment on my article. " In this way, the teacher saw the students' sincere attitude and said, "If you really want my opinion, my biggest opinion about your article is that you don't want to read it again as long as you read it once." In other words, your article is not subtle enough, not intriguing enough, too white and too shallow. Teacher Liang Qichao's comments on Liang Qichao's articles point out the greatest characteristics of vernacular Chinese in one sentence. What is the biggest feature of vernacular Chinese? Understand as words, easy to understand. This is the biggest feature of vernacular Chinese. So how did vernacular Chinese come into being? We trace back to the May 4th Movement. What is the greatest achievement of the May 4th Movement? Popularization of culture. Because the original classical Chinese, ancient Chinese and the spoken language of the language people are out of touch. Read, read and talk. There is no connection between written language and spoken language. As for the vernacular, it is to let the culture "marry", and the culture is open to the public, and ordinary people can read and write articles. This is the greatest achievement of vernacular Chinese. The May 4th Movement proposed to overthrow the Confucius Temple and the classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese. What is its greatest achievement? Culture "marries" "marries" to the common people and "marries" to the common people so that everyone can read and write. There are no barriers and boundaries between writing and speaking. Vernacular, vernacular, is understood as words, easy to understand. Let's consider the difference between words and texts. What I said was just passing by, and what I said suddenly came from your ear. It can't be repeated, and it's hard to repeat. Not in the past, but now the tape recorder can be repeated. What all the words must be, you can understand them as soon as you listen. You'll understand as soon as you listen. Everything must be simple and clear. As for literature, literature can be read, chewed and tasted repeatedly. Therefore, the article can be implicit and intriguing. What about vernacular? The vernacular is to understand at a glance and understand at a glance. Therefore, simplicity and understandability are the greatest characteristics of vernacular Chinese. Let's make clear the characteristics of vernacular Chinese first. Let's repeat several misunderstandings in our current vernacular teaching. The first big misunderstanding: teach the vernacular as classical Chinese, and teach the vernacular as classical Chinese. Classical Chinese, which is unreasonable in language and profound in connotation, needs to be tasted repeatedly. Therefore, the main teaching points of classical Chinese teaching are understanding, taste and sentiment. What about vernacular? As clear and easy to understand as words. You see, in these articles we have studied recently, how many students have difficulties in reading and understanding which text? Personally, I feel that 80%, 90%, and some even 95% of these articles are learned by children themselves. How does our teacher teach? Start from scratch, and then guide the students to ask why, why, and a hundred thousand why paragraph by paragraph. Ask the wrong person, ask the wrong person. In the vernacular, I don't want you to ask a hundred thousand why. The second misunderstanding is the misunderstanding of dialogue teaching. The new curriculum standard puts forward that reading teaching is a dialogue process among teachers, students and texts. Therefore, quite a few teachers narrowly understand dialogue as reading articles, asking questions and answering questions. In fact, is dialogue just a dialogue of content understanding? The scope of dialogue is very wide, and the interpretation of content, the taste of emotion, the chewing of methods and the appreciation of language are all the contents of dialogue. Thirdly, reading teaching is simply understood as reading text with emotion. Among us. It is a good phenomenon that teachers attach importance to reading aloud. However, reading teaching is a big concept, which includes reading content, appreciating expression, obtaining information and emotional edification. As for reading aloud, it just turns silent written language into spoken language and expresses feelings with sound. It is only a part of reading teaching. Third, I'll talk about how to teach the vernacular, and I'll think for myself. I mentioned these words. First, the teaching of vernacular Chinese transcends understanding. The focus of vernacular Chinese teaching should not be to spend a lot of time on understanding and making a big article. Why should vernacular Chinese go beyond understanding? First, there are almost no obstacles to understanding the vernacular. Students can read most of the content. The starting point of your understanding is no longer zero, Diandian. The starting point of understanding should be 80%, 90%, or even 95%-that is, depending on the students' learning situation. What kind of writing has a slightly lower starting point? For simple words, your starting point is 90%, and you will pass one or two questions. There is a man who said a word that impressed me deeply. What words? He believes that understanding is the instinct of students. How do you say this? Food is eaten in the stomach, and digestion is the instinct of the stomach. Read the book into your mind, and your brain knows it's your instinct. If your teacher doesn't talk, the students will understand. I think it makes sense for everyone to think about this sentence. The second sentence, pay attention to expression. Beyond understanding, what should we do next? Pay attention to expression and the author's words and sentences. For example, the sentence in "Peanut": The weather was bad that night, but my father came, which was really hard to get. Why does the author say so? The teacher asked in class, isn't dad always with us? How rare, very rare, really rare? The weather was bad that night, but dad came. Why did you add another one? Can't you say that? The weather was bad that night, but dad came. What is the feeling contained in the author's words and sentences? What is the implication? Students should be guided to understand the literal meaning, implication and implication of the author. Why did he express it like this? What does he want to express? Second, connect sentences into paragraphs, middle-aged paragraphs. If the early stage is dominated by lower grades, of course, the wording and sentences of all years should be strengthened. Third, the layout of the article. Fourth, language style. Let me talk about my language style. I won't say much about what I said earlier. For example, the article Grassland was taught by an elector. Lao She's language is so beautiful, like what, like a pot of wine. It's beautiful. You go and read it. I wrote in class, what are the characteristics of Lao She's language? I summed it up as four points of his language style. First, smooth and lively. Just like the spring water on the mountain, it flows downstream, so smooth and natural. Listen to this grassland. The sky here is more lovely than other places. The air is so fresh and the sky is so clear. It always makes me want to sing a song, indicating that I am full of happiness. Feel the language flowing downstream, how smooth it is. Second, pour out the truth. A good language is really an expression of emotion. The author's love, affection and drunkenness for the beautiful grassland are beyond words. It feels so fresh and clear. The flat land is green, and so are the hills. Sheep go up the mountain for a while, and then go down the mountain, taking what they use and what they don't use, and what they do. This is the expression of their true feelings. Third, the characteristics of language, long and short sentences are patchy. The master's language is full of long and short sentences. "This is the grassland I see"-short sentence; "The sky there is more lovely than the sky elsewhere"-a long sentence; "The air is so fresh and the sky is so clear, I always want to sing a song to express my joy"-a long sentence. "Under the sun, thousands of miles away, but not boundless"-short sentence. This alternation of long and short sentences makes him look rich and diverse. The richness of language. Fourth, use associations and figurative sentences. Look, what are sheep like? It's like embroidering an endless green carpet with big white flowers. What do people think of green carpets and big flowers? "It's like a Chinese painting that is only rendered in green without ink lines. Just like a Chinese painting. " what do you think? "Even the horse and Daniel sometimes stand still. It seems to recall the infinite fun of grassland "-this is the author's association. "Language style needs to guide children's taste. Of course, you don't need to let primary school students understand me to this extent. But if you can penetrate one or two points, how can you express your child's language fluently, beautifully and truly? Let the children appreciate it. In the third sentence, we should be more, faster, better and more economical. In our reading teaching, there are too many inefficient and ineffective classes. How can we get it back quickly? Let me put forward some ideas. First, Han Jine is well known. She taught a book in two weeks. How did she finish teaching a book in two weeks? I have listened to one of her classes. What text did she take from our Jiangsu Education Edition? It's called "Hometown in May", a third-grade text, which she taught in the second grade for fifteen minutes. How did she teach it? Read the text repeatedly for the first time; Recite the wonderful sentences you think you wrote in the article for the second time; I asked the question for the third time. What problem? What do you think is the beauty of Hu Aixiang in May? Fifteen minutes of text teaching is over, and the rest of the time, nine people he asked us to listen to each wrote a famous aphorism on the blackboard. Then let the children read and recite these famous sayings, and then think of what famous sayings they have learned at ordinary times. What is the capacity of a class? I wrote an article in fifteen minutes. During the break, I read nine sentences, eighteen sentences and twenty-eight sentences, and recited famous aphorisms. What is the capacity of her class? What does she value? Pay attention to reading, reciting and accumulating. There is only one problem of understanding. Is this kind of teaching "faster and more economical"? Let me tell you again that Mr. Zhou Boming wrote an article, a famous writer and philosopher. He wrote an article entitled "If I were a Chinese teacher". He said that if I were a Chinese teacher, I would only do two things. One thing, let students read a lot of extracurricular books; The second thing is to let children form the habit of keeping a diary every day. Is reading and writing. He said that although I have never been a teacher, I have grown from a student to a writer and philosopher. I think these are two things that China people should do. Now let's look at the simple words in our article. Our teacher should ask, ask, chew and chew. So our children have aesthetic fatigue in class, and so do our teachers. The fourth sentence varies from text to text. Teaching has the law, but teaching cannot. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Let me give you an example. When I go back, I want to go to a Soviet version of the vernacular, a fourth-grade one, called deliberation. Is the story of Jia Dao and Han Yu. As we all know, I won't repeat the text. I set four goals for this article, four ones. The first "one" is telling stories. In this class, I want children to tell stories in their own words, that is, to turn the language in the book into their own language. Language training and storytelling. The second one is to understand a poem. The story of Pondering is based on the poem Li Ning lives in seclusion. The bird stood by the tree, the monk pushed the moon down the door, and the monk knocked it down. Why push? Why are you knocking? You must read this poem. Because he wrote Li Ning's Seclusion, his hermit's living environment is very quiet. You don't understand this poem, you have to push it around, it's a tree without roots. Third, it is called tasting good stories. Deliberation is a much-told story in China's literary world. Where is Jia? Why is it called a story? I said if Jia Dao beat Han Yu's honor guard, honor guard, and Han Yu arrested him and locked him up for one night, would it be a much-told story? In front, Jia Dao was always involved in traffic accidents. In front of him, he also ran into the honor guard of the "mayor" (Jing) and Liu Qichu's squad. Liu Qichu arrested him and locked him up all night. This is not a good story. Han Yu, why is this so funny? I said there are four beautiful women. First, Jia Dao's thoughtful spirit is good; Second, Jia Dao is good at pushing and knocking donkeys; Third, Han Yu's posture is good. A mayor, the mayor of Beijing, the mayor of Beijing, didn't blame others. He came down to ask questions and examined them carefully with others. Fourth, as the mayor of Korea, he is very knowledgeable. If a mayor has no knowledge, can he argue with others? Because these four beauties constitute a much-told story in China's literary world. We should guide children to taste. What's so good about it? I say you try. If you run into our mayor of Nanjing and his motorcade tomorrow, what will he do? Can you shout a good story? The fourth goal is to appreciate a phenomenon. What is the phenomenon? Censorship phenomenon. The word "deliberation" means that Han Yu and Jia Dao have created a new vocabulary in Chinese dialects. The word "no censorship" is a new word in this matter. Thus, from the early Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty and then to modern times, there were many stories that were scrutinized in various dynasties. Wang Anshi thinks about "Qing", Xie Jin and other talented people think about couplets, Guo Moruo thinks about "you are a shameless scholar", and some people say that "you are a shameless scholar". There is a censorship phenomenon in China's literary world. So I said this class, I set four teaching goals: a story, an ancient poem, a story and a phenomenon. I just want to turn this class into a Chinese class, a Chinese class and a China culture class. It varies from text to text, so I only cited a well-thought-out story. This is the first question, how to teach modern vernacular Chinese. Second, what kind of teaching content do students like? Talk about my understanding and views on students. I'll start with a passage by Mr. Zhou, a famous redologist and educator in China. Ms Wang Ying wrote a book called People Talk about China People. The first article is an article by Zhou. In this article, Zhou Dui said: I have a strange phenomenon. Recite so many ancient texts and so many vernacular Chinese. However, I remember all the ancient prose and almost forget the vernacular. Teacher, why? Secondly, he said that when I was a Chinese character student in primary school, I felt that I was not interested in learning new words with few strokes; I like new words with more strokes, but they are more difficult and challenging. Zhou Changru, he said that I raised this question and asked experts in the language field to interpret it. I took the liberty of explaining Zhou's question. 1. What are the characteristics of the human brain? The human brain conforms to the stimulus theory. When external information stimulates it, the more the brain reacts, the more flexible it becomes. How do the elderly get Alzheimer's disease? If he sits at home, he will get Alzheimer's disease. Why don't the elderly get dementia? You should constantly stimulate it with new information, so that your brain won't get dementia. The more you stimulate your brain, the more brilliant you are. Of course, don't go beyond the limit. Second, the brain craves new stimuli. Don't just stimulate it with old things, too much stimulation will make you numb. New stimuli reach the new cerebral cortex and new brain cells become active. Third, the brain has challenging stimuli and difficult stimuli. Too simple stimulation, your brain thinks it thinks you, and you think it is retarded. Therefore, every stimulus should be challenging and difficult. This is the human brain. Why do we sometimes feel sleepy when listening to some classes? Will you feel bored? Will it be aesthetic fatigue? In my opinion, our classes are too similar, without innovation, difficulty, challenge and excitement. According to the characteristics of this brain, I will send you an idiom. The brain likes the new and hates the old. The brain likes the new and hates the old for knowledge, information, reading content and learning content. Why are students interested in math class and children interested? Why are students not interested in Chinese class? Because that's what we are all taught. We always take that broken boat ticket and board that broken boat, and the sound of the waves remains the same. So what kind of writing is attractive to students? What kind of text is conducive to promoting the development of students' thinking? Personally, I think, first, it must be very difficult. Jump over to get the fruit. In order to reach the nearest development zone for students. If there is no difficulty, you treat the child as mentally retarded and you tease him. It's okay to tease once. If you tease it every day, children will feel bored and won't play with you. You want to play with him, the child has run away and won't play with you. Your level is too poor. Without level and depth, I won't play with you. Every time you play with him, give him a new one. Children are willing to play with you and enjoy it. Second, the content of learning should be worth pondering and tasting. What kind of content is worth tasting? Famous books are beautiful in literature and quality, and you can never get tired of reading them. I think we underestimated the ability and potential of students. Said to squat down and face the students. Thinking that students know nothing, our writing is getting shallower and shallower. Personally, I feel that our current text underestimates students' potential and IQ. Third, what kind of teaching language is needed in the classroom? My view of language, my understanding of classroom teaching language. What is the current situation of Chinese teaching? I participated in the jury discussion the day before yesterday, and many judges put forward this view. Many of the contestants below spoke very well. Why do they take it to heart as soon as they stand on the stage? What President Li said just now, when it comes to the back, the teachers below are all stuck. I think there are three kinds of unhealthy tendencies in the current classroom teaching language. First, the writing tendency is serious. Teachers' language is written language. What is the biggest feature of written language? Very long. A word from the boss. The second tendency is literary tendency. We young teachers like to "have a poetic temperament" and show that they are proficient and literate. Therefore, the classroom language is very literary, aesthetic and poetic. The third tendency is called passion. The classroom is always full of passion, especially the open class teaching. Personally, I think what is the language of classroom teaching? Let me talk about some immature ideas. First, it should be colloquial. Classroom teaching language is oral communication between teachers and students, so your language must be colloquial. What are the characteristics of spoken English? The sentence is very short. Second, you can understand it as soon as you listen. Third, the AC frequency is relatively close. The characteristics of spoken language are different from those of written language. The second characteristic, I think the classroom language should be childlike. Language should be childlike. I think many of our teachers are arrogant now. Some people only care about the teachers who evaluate classes, but they have no children. What languages do children like? I like childish language. What are the characteristics of children's language? Interesting, fun and particularly attractive. Children's language, children's characteristics, I think, first, fun, interesting, curious, active, these are the characteristics of children, we must have a childlike innocence to understand children, our language must be interesting, must be fun, must attract children, must be able to stimulate children's thinking. Third, the third feature of the teaching language is life. Life is manifested as life in a natural state, classroom life and natural life. Teaching language should be colloquial, children-oriented, life-oriented and sexual. What gender is it? Enlightening. Teaching language should be enlightening. In order to make your teaching language enlightening, you should listen to students, listen, comment, guide, touch the stone and turn it into gold, and be persuasive. This is the inspiration of your teaching language. Fourthly, how is students' Chinese literacy formed? My understanding of language, my view of language. I remember Gao Linsheng, a special teacher in Jiangsu, told me such a story. He said that he went to Chibi to play, and many people stood on the wall of Chibi, writing "Qianchibi Fu" and "Houchibi Fu" with weeds. Many people can't stand it after reading a sentence or two. Gao Linsheng stood on a stone, reciting the former's "Red Cliff Fu" and the latter's "Red Cliff Fu" in a clear voice. He said that my voice did not fall, and someone next to him said, look at the culture of that old man. What is culture? Culture is to put the classic things in your stomach and take them out at any time. This is culture. Zhu Ziqing once said that when he said he could recite, that's what he said. Instead of asking students to read ten or twenty books, let them recite ten or one hundred poems. He said that what they carry is their own and what they don't carry is someone else's. What you carry on your back can become nutrition like the food you eat in your stomach; What you don't recite will never be your nutrition. I think this sentence is too classic. So, how is language formed? I wrote an article and published it in the tenth issue of the primary school Chinese magazine. I'm talking about the way of China people, and I can sum it up into three ways. The way of language is the way of accumulation. Chinese depends on accumulation. Accumulation I summed it up in two words as a lot of recitation and thorough understanding. Because everyone says that "the accumulation is thin", everyone says that "the belly is full of poetic temperament", everyone says that "you can recite poems even if you can't write poems", and everyone says that "three years of private schooling is not as good as ten years of Chinese studies". Why? It is accumulation, not recitation. You should study the literary masters who appeared during the May 4th Movement and educate them. None of them are full of poetry. My stomach is full of four books, five classics and classical poems. How much accumulation do our students have now? How much has our teacher accumulated? Should the essence of traditional Chinese education in China be abandoned? Secondly, I think the way of language is the way of practice. Chinese depends on practice. I also have eight words: read more and write more, practice makes perfect. First of all, we should read Chinese books well. Chinese books are classics carefully selected by editors, but we can't find them 12 Chinese books. We need to expand and read a lot. I saw Mr. Ji Xianlin write about how he studied when he was a child. Ji Xianlin said, how did I study when I was a child? Just read a lot of books. He said that I have read some books over 40 times, over and over again, and they are terrible. Lu Xun said that there is no other skill to learn Chinese well, four words: read more and write more. Personally, our children read less and write less now. Writing eight compositions in one semester is far from enough. Mr. Zhou told me to get into the habit of keeping a diary every day. In the third sentence, the way of language is the way of not seeking solutions. Mr. Tao Yuanming said: study hard, ask little, and forget to eat happily every time I know. Good reading is the value of emotion and attitude, and it is a process and method that does not ask for much understanding. Every time I know food, I am so happy that I forget it. This is the realm of reading. Mr. Ye Shengtao suggested that we seek a solution. I have also written two articles to discuss this problem. Do we understand the requirements of Chinese teaching? What is excessive, what is solution, is excessive understanding. One step ahead of truth is fallacy. We don't need to understand and we can't understand. What is our understanding of A Dream of Red Mansions? What do others think is better than you and deeper than you? So, no one can say what my solution is. Therefore, I think that Chinese teaching is not seeking a solution, but seeking a suitable solution, which is a moderate understanding. Grade one has a grade one degree, grade three has a grade three degree, grade six has a grade six degree, junior high school has a junior high school degree, and high school has a high school degree. Reading teaching does not seek a good solution, but a suitable solution. Finally, I simply ask, what is the main body of Chinese civilization and China culture? My understanding of China culture. What is the main body of China culture? Chinese civilization is 5,000 years old, ancient Chinese is 4,900 years old, and vernacular Chinese is only 100 years old. Who is the subject of Chinese civilization? What is a classic? Some people say that it must pass the test of a hundred years, be washed away by history, be washed away by the waves of the Yangtze River, and the rest are classics. Have we withstood the test of a hundred years? Did the big waves wash the sand? Who can say that my article today is a classic? The main body of China culture is Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, with Confucianism as the main culture. Personally, I feel that Mr. Zhu Guangqian, a famous aesthete and educator, wrote an article called "The Beauty of Wordlessness". I recommend you to have a look. This article is very good. He wrote a poem in it, which was implicit and learned properly. Confucius said, if you don't learn poetry, you have nothing to say. Poetry is the jewel in the crown of Chinese in China, so I think primary school students should increase the weight of poetry teaching.