Mary? Curie (Marie sk? Odovska Curie, 1867- 1934)? Madame Curie? , full name: Maria? Skvodovska？ Madame Curie. A famous Polish scientist, physicist and chemist in France. 1867165438+1was born in Warsaw on October 7th. The following is the inspirational story of Madame Curie's growth that I carefully edited for you. Welcome to read!
Madame Curie was born and raised in Poland. At that time, Poland was under Russian rule. Mary had a taste of being conquered since she was a child. She privately accepted many ideas of resisting aggression and loved her motherland from the bottom of her heart. She vowed to study for the liberation of the motherland. Mary's mother died when she was very young, and her father lost his job because of the national subjugation. He only relies on his previous savings to teach other children in his family to earn some money to support themselves. Life at home is very difficult. The hard environment tempered the will of Mary's sisters. At school, they are all the best students and are deeply loved by teachers.
Mary graduated from middle school. Because of her outstanding talent, she won a gold medal. However, she can't continue to go to school, because in Poland under Russian rule, universities don't accept female students. She went to school in Paris, and her family couldn't afford that much money. You know, my sister, who is also a gold medal graduate, has been at home for three years, and her wish to go to school in Paris has not yet come true.
When Mary came home, her father shed tears because she couldn't afford to send her daughter to school. Mary advised her father and tried to find a way. She discussed with her sister that she should be a tutor first and let her study. You can work for her after graduation. In this way, my sister went to Paris with the money raised by the whole family. Mary earned money while studying, and finally 189 1 entered the Faculty of Science of Paris University.
When Mary arrived in Paris, she stayed at her sister's house first, because her sister's house was far from school. In order to save time and have a quieter learning environment, Mary moved to a small attic near the school. The conditions in the attic are quite difficult, and it can't be heated in winter. Mary is often awakened by the cold. She has to get up, cover all her clothes, and sometimes even put a stool on her body to increase her weight. Mary's life is extremely simple. She only eats a few slices of bread every day. She forgot this several times. She was reading a book when she suddenly fainted. Thanks to her classmates' discovery, she informed her sister. Mary's sister was so worried about it that Mary laughed at it herself.
All the hard conditions didn't affect Mary's study at all. She always comes to the classroom early every day, sits in the front seat and listens to the teacher carefully. At night 10, the lights in the library went out, and she reluctantly left and went back to her hut. Kerosene lamps are often turned on at two or three in the evening. In just two years, she got two master's degrees in physics and mathematics. The pale girl in a shabby sweater graduated from Paris University with the first prize 1893.
Mary is not satisfied with her excellent grades. She will make persistent efforts to continue her studies and get the first female doctorate in human history. Just then, Mary met Pierre, an excellent French physicist. Curie, the common ideal came together, and they fell in love and combined, which became a much-told story in the history of human science.
They borrowed a shabby storage room from a friend, and Madame Curie cleaned it and bought some necessary instruments and equipment with the money she usually saved. The two of them began a hard study. The Curies carefully examined all the chemical reagents and minerals they could find and found that pitchblende was obviously radioactive. They concluded that the mine contained some new radioactive elements. Madame Curie treated dozens of kilograms of pitchblende under crude conditions and finally discovered this new radioactive element. Mary named this new element after her motherland. Hey? .
? Hey? Yes, but the Curies didn't stop because they were refining? Hey? In this process, they found that the separated barium compound is more radioactive, which is another unknown radioactive element according to analysis. They call this element radium. The curies made this discovery public to the whole world, because no one had seen radium with their own eyes, and many people were skeptical about this discovery. In order to prove the existence of radium, the Curies made more strenuous efforts to extract radium.
Without an experimental factory, they borrowed a broken wooden shed from their friends as a factory; Without funds to buy expensive pitchblende, they bought cheap waste residue. Madame Curie kept going in and out between the yard and the house in greasy overalls. Sometimes she adds coal to the yard to burn fire and smelt slag, and sometimes she crystallizes concentrate in the house. Madame Curie kept going in and out of the container weighing more than 20 kilograms. Regardless of the cold and hot summer, the Curies worked hard day and night for tens of thousands of times and struggled for four years. 1902, the radium salt they dreamed of was finally separated.
From 65438 to 0903, Madame Curie obtained the first female doctor's degree in history. In the same year, their husband and wife won the Nobel Prize. Madame Curie became the greatest woman in human history. Her story has inspired generations of young people to grow up, and her name has been praised by hundreds of millions of people.
Extended reading:
Madame Curie's scientific research achievements
research field
1. radioactive elements polonium and radium were discovered.
2. Propose that-rays (now known to be composed of electrons) are negatively charged particles. [ 1]
Scientific achievements
In the experimental research, Madame Curie designed a measuring instrument, which can not only measure whether a substance has radiation, but also measure the intensity of radiation. After repeated experiments, she found that the intensity of uranium rays is directly proportional to the uranium content in the material, but has nothing to do with the existing state of uranium and external conditions.
Madame Curie made a comprehensive investigation of known chemical elements and all compounds, and made an important discovery: an element called thorium can automatically emit invisible rays, which shows that the phenomenon that elements can emit rays is not only the characteristics of uranium, but also the common characteristics of some elements. She called this phenomenon radioactivity, and called elements with this property radioactive elements. The rays they emit are called. Radiation? .
At the end of 1902, Madame Curie extracted one tenth of extremely pure radium chloride and accurately determined its atomic weight. Since then, the existence of radium has been confirmed. Radium is a natural radioactive substance, which is extremely difficult to obtain. Its shape is shiny white crystal like fine salt. Radium has a slight blue fluorescence, and it is this beautiful light blue fluorescence that blends into a woman's beautiful life and unyielding faith. In spectral analysis, it is different from the spectral line of any known element. Radium is not the first radioactive element discovered by human beings, but it is the most radioactive element. Using its powerful radioactivity, we can further discover many new properties of radiation. Therefore, many elements can be further applied to practice. Medical research has found that laser rays have different effects on different cells and tissues, and those rapidly multiplying cells will be destroyed quickly once they are irradiated by radium. This discovery makes radium a powerful means to treat cancer. Cancer is made up of cells that reproduce very quickly, and the damage caused by laser rays is far greater than that caused by surrounding healthy tissues. This new treatment method was quickly developed all over the world. In the French Republic, radium therapy is called Curie therapy. The discovery of radium has fundamentally changed the basic principles of physics, which is of great significance for promoting the development of scientific theory and its application in practice.
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