Balzac:1August, 850 18, Balzac, a famous French and even world literary giant, died in his apartment in Paris at the age of 5 1. /kloc-Balzac, a French novelist of the same age in the 0/9th century, once described the richest social picture in the first half of this century like a film copy, which opened a new era of realism in the world literary world. Until 1978, the French reading interest survey report showed that nearly 70% people still like Balzac's novels best, far exceeding the readers of any modern novels. All over the world, his works are also regarded as the common wealth of mankind. Most of the writers who came from farmers but tried to forge famous families to profoundly reveal social phenomena grew up in complex and extraordinary family environments, just like Balzac. Both he and his father forged genealogies and even changed their surnames (Balzac's surnames were false) to show their noble family background. In fact, their ancestors were poor farmers. His father made a living by government-run shopping malls, and in the turbulent years of the French Revolution, he embarked on the road of contracting rations. At the age of 50, he squeezed into the upper class, became the deputy mayor, and married a 18-year-old "little bourgeois" girl, that is, Balzac's mother. Balzac inherited his father's ability to make up stories and learned his mother's keen observation. As an adult, he decided to make a fortune and announced four plans: literature, politics, business and marrying a rich widow. Balzac has four brothers and sisters (his father has several children born out of wedlock), and his mother's favorite brother is his mother's illegitimate child who keeps secrets from his father and others. He was afraid of his mother since he was a child. He recalled that he would be shocked to hear his mother's voice when he was a child. As an adult, he felt more greed and cruelty from his biological mother. He once went bankrupt and owed 60 thousand francs, of which 40 thousand was owed by his mother, and he always refused to cancel it after a long time. Balzac, who has no wife and children, often wanders, so he has to leave the property left in Paris to the only credible old lady for management. As a result, he was tampered with, turning mother and son against each other. The greed, selfishness and debauchery of the bourgeoisie with the characteristics of nouveau riche are vividly displayed in this family. No wonder his works can dig out bad habits and dissect lust. Balzac was dissolute all his life, often profligate, in debt, and his marriage and love were very complicated. He wanted to marry a rich woman in his early years, but he was looked down upon. After he became famous, he became the object of many leisure ladies' pursuit and recreation. His haircut at the barber shop sometimes turned into a competition between some young women and their wives. He was fooled by his infatuation with the marquise who took part in casual entertainment. From the age of 23 to 33, he became a long-term lover with a lady older than his mother. Later, he pursued the admirer of his works for more than ten years, a Russian aristocratic manor wife with 40 thousand tenants, and they also gave birth to a child (unfortunately died). After her husband died, the countess refused to get married for eight years for family reasons. It was not until three months before the writer's death that Mrs. Hanska reluctantly got married out of pity and other purposes, and soon she had a new lover. When Balzac was ill in bed for a long time, and his whole body smelled bad, only his sister and brother-in-law came to visit him, and his bedside guarded only his mother, who had deep feelings for each other. A great man's life is doomed to be unfortunate. Balzac's boastful words are also a portrayal of his life. His personal experience has been criticized, but this mortal is a giant of thought, and his works have become an immortal art chapter of warning. Rich social life is the source of writers' creation. Balzac, who is in the romantic era, always wants to climb to the top but often slides down. Although there are many works, they have repeatedly gone bankrupt because of poor management, and even had a beggar-like life experience. All these made him experience all social classes, and the combination of practice and inspiration produced outstanding works. Balzac began to write with the goal of "being the king of the literary world" at the age of 20 and experienced "wandering for ten years". When his works were not appreciated, he cooperated with booksellers and published dozens of shoddy novels. Later, he called them "literary rubbish" and sold them as commodities at a low price. At the same time, he doesn't want to be exploited. He once contracted a printing factory to publish books, but only sold dozens of books and went bankrupt in debt. This experience of Balzac's unwillingness to look back, after all, exercised his pen power and let him experience the darkness of the business world, especially the ruthlessness of the bourgeoisie. At the age of 30, The Double Swindler, which he called his first novel, came out. In the next 20 years, he wrote 90 short stories in succession, and compiled "Human Comedy", which sensationalized the French literary world and spread all over the world. /kloc-France in the first half of the 0/9th century was an era with the fiercest class struggle and the most frequent political changes in history. The Marseillaise of the Great Revolution was replaced by the guns of Napoleon's hegemony. The restored Bourbon dynasty, the July dynasty established by the financial aristocracy, the July revolution and the February revolution ... made the political arena turbulent. The new bourgeoisie replaced the old aristocracy to rule the society, but this class exposed its predatory and stingy nature in its primitive accumulation. Balzac's works vividly describe the miser "Grandet", the morally corrupt daughter "Old Man" and the unfortunate uncle Bunce ... Seeing this "Human Comedy", people feel the tragedy brought to society when the capitalist system rises! Balzac, who lives a vain life, is often willing to make up stories to show off. He once boasted to his relatives and friends that China scented tea, the favorite of Qing emperors and Russian czars, was given to him. In serious creation, he follows the spirit of being meticulous and seeking truth from facts, and his artistic imagination is based on careful investigation. He first put forward the concept of "social man" and often went in and out of various occasions to observe it carefully. In order to describe the life of the upper salon, he can stand on the dance floor and stare at the card table for hours, so the words and actions of the lady he wrote are so realistic. In order to describe the life of farmers, Balzac sometimes walks into a dirty yard at night and is beaten up like a thief. During his lifetime, he received 6.5438+200,000 letters from readers, most of whom were women worshippers. By replying to some of them and keeping close contact with them, he expanded his social contacts. The realistic works created by this great writer are really the crystallization of this kind of hard work that goes deep into life. Although the position is reactionary, it is also ruthless. The works of outstanding writers in the world are a mirror of their times. Lenin once praised "lev tolstoy is a mirror of the Russian revolution". Similarly, seeing Balzac's works will help us understand why revolution and social changes took place in France that year. It was the political struggle that lasted for decades that brought up so many talents in his time, such as Hugo, Dumas, Stendhal and george sand ... Among the French writers with abundant talents, Marx especially praised Balzac's works for their "profound insight into the realistic relationship" and liked "human comedy" very much, and inspired himself to write Das Kapital with his indignation at all kinds of darkness and injustice in capitalist society. Balzac profoundly exposed the disadvantages of the early capitalist society, but he did not approve of the revolution. He thinks that the French Revolution of 1789 broke his father's road to wealth, and he also opposes the July Revolution of 1830. 1848 after the revolution broke out, he stood in a conservative opposition position. Nevertheless, Balzac mercilessly criticized the society at that time with a cynical pen, which provided vivid reference materials for revolutionary thinkers to explore the concept of a new society. Balzac, who had been frustrated for a long time before his death, once left a famous saying-"The future is our highest court." In the 150 years after his death, the love of his works by generations of readers around the world has continued, which is the best evaluation of this famous writer. Balzac's works depict the primary stage of capitalism, but various social contradictions revealed by artistic techniques still exist today, which is also the strong vitality of his works. Balzac mainly exposes and condemns the despicable lust of the bourgeoisie (of course, it cannot be denied that this lust plays a certain role in opening the world market and creating wealth), whipping ugliness, but it can inspire people to explore the beauty of human nature and look forward to a better new world in the future.