The universality and particularity of contradiction are the categories that describe the characteristics of contradiction.

The universality of contradiction has two meanings:

First, contradictions exist in the development process of everything; (Contradictions are everywhere)

Second, contradictions exist in the development process of everything. (Contradictions always exist-contradictions run through the whole process)

The particularity of contradiction refers to the contradiction of specific things and every aspect of each contradiction has its own characteristics (horizontal); The contradiction of every specific thing and all aspects of every contradiction have their own characteristics at different stages of development (vertically).

There are three main situations: first, different things have different contradictions, which constitute a special essence that distinguishes one thing from other things; Second, the same thing has different contradictions in different processes and development stages, and these different contradictions form different processes and development stages of things; Third, different contradictions of the same thing and two different aspects of the same contradiction also have their own particularities.

It is of great significance to understand the universality and particularity of contradictions. The universal category of contradictions shows that contradictions are everywhere and always exist, so we should adhere to the method of two-point theory to observe and analyze problems; The category of particularity of contradiction shows that contradiction and its various aspects have their own characteristics in different stages of development. So when we observe things, we should first pay attention to the particularity of contradictions.

Adhere to the specific analysis of specific issues.

Because, analyzing the particularity of contradiction is the basis of correctly understanding things; At the same time, analyzing the particularity of contradictions is also the key to correctly solve contradictions.

Famous saying:

If we don't study the particularity of contradiction, we can't determine the special essence that distinguishes one thing from other things, we can't find the special reason or basis for the development of things, and we can't distinguish things from the fields of scientific research. Mao Zedong.

The concept of concrete analysis of specific problems

This is an important principle of Marxism. It requires people to take different measures according to different situations when doing things and thinking about problems. We can't generalize.

Concrete analysis is the living soul of Marxism and a basic principle of Marxist philosophy. It was first put forward by Lenin. In his article Productivism (Selected Works of Lenin, Volume 4, page 290), he criticized Hungarian party member Kun Bela and wrote: "He ignored the essence of Marxism, the living soul of Marxism: a concrete analysis of specific situations." Later, Mao Zedong reiterated Lenin's thought in On Contradiction. He wrote: "The most essential thing of Marxism, the living soul of Marxism, lies in the concrete analysis of specific situations." Marxism is a great ideological weapon for the proletariat to understand and transform the world. Everything in the world is not only full of contradictions but also has its own characteristics. Without concrete analysis, it is impossible to understand and transform the world. In On Contradiction, Mao Zedong expounded the general principle of analyzing specific situations, that is, analyzing the particularity of contradictions in various forms of material movement; Study the particularity of each process contradiction of each material movement form in its long-distance development, that is, study the characteristics of process contradiction; Each side of the contradiction in the process also has its own particularity, so we should pay attention to it. In its long development process, a process is often divided into several stages, and the contradictory characteristics of each stage are different, which should be carefully analyzed and studied; Each side of the stage contradiction also has its own characteristics, which cannot be generalized and needs specific analysis. Only by making such a concrete analysis of objective things can we correctly understand things and make a correct plan to transform the world; Only by distinguishing the nature and characteristics of contradictions can we further find the correct way to solve them.

Adhering to the concrete analysis of specific situations means adhering to dialectical materialism epistemology. In other words, we must go deep into reality and investigate and study. In research, we should oppose subjectivity, one-sidedness and superficiality. Subjectivity means not knowing how to look at problems objectively, that is, not knowing how to look at problems from a materialistic point of view. The so-called one-sidedness means that you don't know how to look at the problem comprehensively, only knowing one side and not knowing the other; I only know part of it, but I don't know everything. The so-called superficiality means not knowing the characteristics of going deep into things and carefully studying contradictions. Subjectivity, one-sidedness and superficiality are subjectivism methods, which are fundamentally opposite to Marxist philosophy. This shows that the violation of the principle of concrete analysis of specific situations fundamentally violates Marxist philosophy. Marxist philosophy is not dogma, but a guide to action. A concrete analysis of the specific situation is to combine Marxist theory with the specific national conditions and revolutionary practices of various countries, adhere to and develop Marxism in practice, and make it gain new life continuously.

meaning

Concrete analysis of specific situations is the basic principle of dialectical methodology and the basic requirement and important principle of dialectical materialism. The significance of concrete analysis of specific problems lies in: ① it is an important principle and living soul of Marxism, and it is also a basic method that we must strictly abide by in all our work; The concrete analysis of specific problems is the basis for people to correctly understand things. Only by proceeding from reality and analyzing the particularity of contradictions in detail can we distinguish things and understand the special laws of their development. (3) The concrete analysis of specific problems is the key for people to solve contradictions correctly. Only by analyzing the specific situation and grasping the particularity of things can we find the correct way to solve the contradiction.

Concrete analysis of concrete problems is an important methodology of materialist dialectical contradiction view.

working methods

(1) Insist on contradictory views. (2) analyze the particularity of contradiction (analyze the contradiction of different things; Analyze the characteristics of the same thing in different stages; Make a concrete analysis of different aspects of the same contradiction). (3) master the laws in exercise; ④ Exert subjective initiative. (5) Realize the unity of subjective and objective concrete history.