The most famous Chinese classics and their interpretations
The word "Chinese Studies" has been around since ancient times. "Book of Rites·Chun Guan Zongbo·Musician" says: "Musicians are in charge of the affairs of Chinese studies and teach Chinese students small dances." "Book of Rites·Xueji" also says: "The ancient teachers had a private school in their family and a party in the party. , the science is orderly and state-owned. In ancient China, "Guoxue" refers to a national-level school, which is equivalent to the Taixue in the Han Dynasty. Since then, the nature and role of "Guoxue" have also changed with the change of dynasties. Welcome to read the most famous Chinese classics and their interpretations
The most famous Chinese classics and their interpretations
1. Speak faithfully and act respectfully. Selected from: "The Analects of Confucius." 》
The translation is loyal and honest in speech, and the behavior is kind and serious.
2. The way of being civil and military is selected from "The Book of Rites"
The translation is sometimes tense. Sometimes relaxation is the way King Wen and King Wu of Zhou handle political affairs. Nowadays, it mostly means that work, study and life should be combined.
3. The person who gains a hundred things with one tree is also a person. "Quan Xiu"
What can be gained a hundredfold by cultivating talents once is cultivating talents. Although cultivating talents is time-consuming and labor-intensive, the rewards are huge.
4. Scholars have hundreds of qualities. Take virtue as the first priority. Selected from "Three Kingdoms"
Translation: There are hundreds of moral qualities, and virtue is the first. Later, it was used to explain that "virtue" should be the first thing in life.
5. One drum beats the drum, and then it weakens, and three times it is exhausted. Selected from "Zuo Zhuan"
Translation: Beat the drum for the first time, and morale will be boosted; beat the drum for the second time, and morale will begin to decrease; beat the drum for the third time. After three drums, morale will disappear completely. This sentence encourages everyone to do things in one breath while the mood is high.
6. Who can be free from confusion? Selected from Han Yu. "Teacher Said"
Translation No one is born knowing everything. Who can be without problems? Explain the importance of learning from others.
7. Among all things, the best thing is to learn from others. Human beings are precious. Source: Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han? Biography of Zhou Ju"
Translation Among all things in the world, human beings are the most precious.
8. Difficulties in the world must be solved. Yi; the great things in the world must be developed from the small things. Source: "Laozi"
Translation The difficult things in the world must be developed from the easy things; the great things in the world must be developed from the small things.
9. Being absent-minded means not seeing, hearing but not hearing, and eating without knowing its taste. Source: "Book of Rites"
Translation: The mind is not there, seeing nothing and hearing nothing. If you can't hear it, you won't taste anything. It tells us to be focused no matter what we do.
10. Don't betray your will by being poor. Source: Huan Kuan's "On Salt and Iron". 》
Don’t change your integrity because of failure, and don’t change your ambition because of your humble status.
11. Don’t express your anger, and don’t make mistakes. Source: "The Analects"
Don’t vent your anger on others and don’t make the same mistakes again.
12. Seeking knowledge without learning is like a fish without a net. Source: "Baopuzi" by Ge Hong
Translation Wanting to get knowledge without studying is like trying to get fish without a net.
13. To disrespect others is to disrespect yourself. Source: "Old Book of Tang"
Translation (A person) If he does not respect others, he actually does not respect himself.
14. The sun and the moon pass away, and the years are not with me. Source: "The Analects of Confucius"
Meaning: Time is passing by, we must cherish time.
15. Don’t slander yourself internally and don’t slander others externally. Source: "Han Shi Wai Zhuan"
Meaning: You can neither deceive yourself nor others when doing things.
16. Doing good is like ascending, doing evil is like falling.
Meaning: Learning is as difficult as climbing a mountain, and learning badly is as easy as a landslide.
17. Those who do will always succeed, and those who do will always arrive. Source: "Yan Zi Chun Qiu"
Meaning: Those who persist in doing things will always succeed; those who keep moving forward will always reach their destination.
18. What you hear with your ears is worse than seeing it with your eyes; what you see with your eyes is worse than walking on it.
Meaning: What the ears hear is not as good as what the eyes see, and what the eyes see is not as good as what is practiced.
19. Isn’t it true that one should learn and practice it from time to time?
The Master said: “Isn’t it true that one should learn and practice it from time to time? It’s a great pleasure to have a friend come from afar. Huh? Isn’t it a gentleman who doesn’t know something but is not stunned?” "The Analects of Confucius"
Translation Confucius said: "Isn’t it also very pleasant to study and constantly review and practice? Isn’t it also a pleasure to have friends coming from afar? Are you happy? People don't understand me, but I don't resent it. Aren't I also a gentleman?"
What Confucius emphasized here is that for knowledge, "learning" is just a cognitive process, and "learning" is a consolidated process. In order to gain more knowledge, "learning" and "learning" must be unified.
20. Learning without thinking means nothing, thinking without learning means danger.
Confucius said: "Learning without thinking will lead to loss; thinking without learning will lead to peril." "The Analects"
Translation Confucius said: "Just reading without thinking deeply will lead to confusion. Ignorance; just daydreaming without reading will lead to doubts."
What Confucius emphasized here was the importance of combining learning and thinking. Only by combining the two can we learn useful knowledge. . This is completely consistent with what Kant said: "Perception without sex is blind, and intelligence without sensibility is empty."
21. When you see a virtuous person, think about them, and when you see a virtuous person, you should introspect yourself.
Confucius said: "When you see a virtuous person, you should think about it; when you see a virtuous person, you should introspect yourself." "The Analects"
Confucius said: "When you see a virtuous person, you should think about it. He follows the same example,
When you see someone who is not virtuous, you should reflect on yourself."
This sentence of Confucius is the motto of Confucianism in later generations. "Seeing the virtuous and thinking of others" means that good examples shock oneself and drive oneself to work hard to catch up; "Seeing the unworthy and introspecting" means that bad examples have "taught" oneself, and we must learn to learn lessons and constantly learn from others. Fall down.
22. Virtue is not alone, it must have neighbors.
Confucius said: "Virtue is not alone, it must have neighbors." "The Analects"
Translation Confucius said: "A moral person will never be alone. There will be like-minded people as his partners."
What Confucius talks about here is not only a life experience, but also a law of social life. . If you have moral integrity and are both physically and mentally capable, you will naturally influence those around you.
23. Be gentle and polite, and then be a gentleman.
Confucius said: "If quality is better than literature, then you will be wild; if literature is better than quality, you will be history. If literature and quality are gentle, then you will be a gentleman." "The Analects"
Translation Confucius said: "Simplicity is more important than literary brilliance. It will appear vulgar, and if there is more culture than simplicity, it will become glitz. Only when culture and simplicity are combined can one become a gentleman." Confucius emphasized here that one must have cultural accomplishments without losing one's nature. Only in this way can one be called a gentleman. You must be a true gentleman.
24. When three people are walking together, they must have my teacher.
Master said: "When three people are walking together, there must be my teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones. "The Analects of Confucius"
Translation Confucius said: "When several people walk together, there must be someone worthy of me as a teacher; I choose the good among them and learn from them, and see the bad among them. "Just correct yourself."
Confucius's words are intended to remind us to always pay attention to learning the strengths of others, and always take warning from other people's shortcomings. In this way, we will naturally see more of the strengths of others and be kind to others. Be generous to others but strict to yourself. This is not only the best way to cultivate and improve yourself, but also an important condition for promoting harmony in interpersonal relationships.
25. The person who passed away was like this, not giving up day and night
The Master said on the river: "The person who passed away was like this, not giving up day and night." "The Analects of Confucius"
Translation Confucius sighed on the river bank: "The passage of time is like this river! It flows day and night."
Confucius lamented here that time is fleeting, so as to encourage himself and his students to Cherish the time to study.
26. If one’s body is upright, he will act without being told.
Confucius said: “If his body is upright, he will act without being told; if his body is not upright, he will not act according to orders.
"The Analects of Confucius"
Translation Confucius said: "Those who are above must behave righteously, and those below do not need to give orders.
Those below will not listen. "
The practical significance of Confucius's words is to tell us to set an example in everything we do, and teaching by example is more important than teaching by words.
27. People who have no long-term worries must have immediate worries
Confucius said: "If a person has no long-term worries, he must have immediate worries. ""The Analects of Confucius"
Translation Confucius said: "If a person does not have long-term plans, he will definitely have immediate worries. ”
Confucius meant to tell us to be prepared for a rainy day, because the problems at hand are caused by our failure to consider and prepare in the past. And we are still not prepared for the future, so in the future, You will also be troubled by various problems.
28. Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you.
Zigong asked: “Is there anything you can do for life? ?" The Master said: "What a grudge! Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. ""The Analects of Confucius"
Translation: Zigong asked Confucius: "Is there a saying that can be followed throughout life?" Confucius said: "That is the way of forgiveness! Don't force things that I don't want to impose on myself. to others. ”
What Confucius said is that people should treat others based on their own behavior. People should have a broad mind and never be narrow-minded when dealing with others.
You should be magnanimous and forgiving towards others. In addition to caring about your own existence in life, you must also pay attention to the existence of others. Everyone is equal, and you must not do to others what you do not want to do to others.
29. If a person has no faith, he does not know what is possible.
Confucius said: “If a person has no faith, he does not know what is possible. How can a large cart move without a hook or a small cart?" "The Analects of Confucius"
Translation Confucius said: "If a person is not trustworthy, it is impossible. Just like a big car without a hook or a small car with no handles, how can the car move?" Confucius means: To be a man, you must keep your word. Only with integrity can you gain a foothold in society and gain the respect of others. Respect. Integrity is the principle of life.
30. A gentleman is magnanimous, and a villain has a relationship.
Confucius said: "A gentleman is magnanimous, and a villain has a relationship. "The Analects of Confucius"
Translation Confucius said: "A gentleman is broad-minded, but a villain is always sad." "This sentence of Confucius reminds us that when we are in the world and interact with others, we should have a broad mind and not care about everything, so that your life will be happy.
31. Know what you know, don't know what to do. I don’t know
Confucius said: “Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing. ""The Analects of Confucius"
Translation Confucius said: "Knowing means knowing, not knowing means not knowing, and if you don't know, pretend to understand. ”
People often say: “There is no end to learning.” "No matter how knowledgeable a person is, he may not know much or understand certain things. When we don't understand, we must face our "ignorance" and humbly ask others for advice, so that we can change." "Ignorance" is "knowledge". Don't pretend to understand and deceive yourself and others.
32. Those who know are not as good as those who are good, and those who are good are not as good as those who are happy.
He said: “Those who know are not as good as those who are good at it, and those who are good at it are not as good as those who are happy. "The Analects of Confucius"
Translation Confucius said: "Those who understand it are not as good as those who love it; those who love it are not as good as those who take pleasure in it." ”
Confucius’s words reveal the importance of interest. He divided learning into three levels: the first level is knowledge, that is, knowing the importance of learning; the second level is love of learning, that is, hobbies Learning, being interested in learning; the third level is being willing to learn, that is, being able to get pleasure from learning. Among these three levels, knowing how to learn is not as good as being eager to learn, and being eager to learn is not as good as being willing to learn. Only by stimulating a strong interest in learning can you get the best results. Learning effect.
33. Different people have different opinions.
The benevolent see it as benevolence, and the knowledgeable people see it as knowledge. .
Translation: A benevolent person calls it benevolence from his own point of view; a wise person calls it wisdom from his own point of view. Common people are exposed to the way of yin and yang every day and do not understand it, so the way of a gentleman is very complicated. Few people know anymore.
This sentence tells us that different people have different views on the same issue from different positions or angles.
34. Continuously strive for self-improvement
As heaven moves forward, a gentleman will strive for continuous improvement. "Book of Changes"
Translation: The movement of celestial bodies is vigorous and powerful. A gentleman's conduct in the world should be like the sky, striving for self-improvement and never stopping.
The gentleman’s spirit of constant self-improvement shows the fearless spirit of human beings to be enterprising, pioneering and declaring war on their own inertia. It has different manifestations in different fields and levels of human society.
35. Jade can be cut into a tool.
If jade is not cut, it will not become a tool; if a person does not learn, he will not know. "Book of Rites"
Translation If jade is not carved, it will not become a jade article; if a person does not learn, he will not understand the truth.
Jade is born, but in order to become something useful, it must be polished and processed. Use this principle to illustrate the importance of learning. On the one hand, it recognizes the talents and talents possessed by people, on the other hand, it emphasizes that the discovery and development of talents and talents must be through the process of learning so that they can be fully displayed.
36. Be erudite and practice diligently
Learn eruditely, interrogate it; think carefully, discern clearly, and practice it assiduously. "The Doctrine of the Mean"
Translation Learn knowledge extensively, inquire about knowledge carefully, think about knowledge carefully, distinguish knowledge clearly, and use knowledge wholeheartedly.
This sentence covers several progressive stages of learning. The first is to acquire knowledge extensively. Only broad-mindedness and tolerance can be inclusive, so that learning can have a world perspective and an open mind, and truly do To "the sea is open to all rivers, tolerance is great", and then to "love everyone and be kind"; secondly, ask more "why" about the knowledge you have learned, and ask to the end if you don't understand; thirdly, answer the question We must examine and think about the problems through our own ideological activities, and use what we have learned for ourselves; the fourth is to distinguish and analyze the knowledge we have learned, so that what we have learned becomes clearer and clearer; and finally, we must work hard to apply the knowledge we have learned. Apply it to practice and practice it down-to-earth!
37. Heaven is going to assign great responsibilities to people here.
When God is going to assign great responsibilities to people like this, they must first work hard on their aspirations. Their muscles and bones are strained, their skin is hungry, their bodies are depleted, and their actions are disturbed. "Mencius"
Translation: When God is about to issue a major mission to such a person, it must first make his heart suffer, his muscles and bones are tired, his body is hungry and thin, and he suffers from poverty, and all kinds of actions are used to hinder and interfere with it. his career. If a person wants to survive, make a difference, and be promising, he must dare to face internal and external troubles head-on, he must go through a lot of hardships, and he must go through a life of physical and mental tempering.
This sentence gives us too much encouragement when we are in adversity. Only after going through hardships and twists and turns can we take on "big responsibilities".
38. Without rules, there will be no square circle.
Without rules, there will be no square circle. "Mencius"
Without a compass and a ruler, the translation cannot make a true "round" or "square" shape. It is a metaphor for following certain rules when doing things.
The inherent cause-and-effect relationship of this sentence conforms to the general laws of the development of things at a certain level. Therefore, people extend it to all aspects of treating people, dealing with things, and doing things. They follow the instructions and teach future generations. There are no rules. There is no square circle, which has gradually become a "sage" motto in traditional culture.
39. If the words of faith are not beautiful, the good words are not believed.
The words of faith are not beautiful, but the good words are not believed. "Laozi"
The words in the translation that are true and trustworthy are not beautiful, and the words that are beautiful are not true and trustworthy.
It warns people not to pursue flashy and beautiful words in their daily lives, whether spoken or written, but to use unpretentious, natural and smooth words that can fully express their original meaning. As for words and writings that appear flashy and beautiful on the surface, you must recognize the original intention and purpose of the speaker and do not be misled by the beautiful words.
40. Those who do will always succeed, and those who do will always arrive.
Yanzi said: "If a baby hears it, what he does will always come true, and what he does will always come. The baby is not different from other people. He always does without hesitation, and always walks without stopping. So it is difficult to reach him?" "Yan Zi Chun Qiu"
Translation Yan Zi said: "I heard that those who keep practicing will definitely succeed
; those who tirelessly move forward will definitely reach their destination.
I have no special talents than others. Just keep doing it and keep doing it. How can you not catch up with (me)?"
This sentence tells us that the key to doing anything is perseverance and continuous efforts, which will eventually pay off.
41. Sincerity leads to , metal and stone are opened.
Truth is the ultimate sincerity. If it is not refined and sincere, it cannot move people. "Zhuangzi"
The translated text is the ultimate sincerity. It cannot move people. This sentence is intended to tell us that we must be sincere in doing things. People's sincerity can move the world and solve any difficult problems.
42. If a young man does not work hard, he will be sad.
Hundreds of rivers flow eastward to the sea, when will they return to the west? If a young man does not work hard, the old man will be sad.
Translation Time is like a river flowing eastward into the sea, gone forever. Return; If people don’t study hard when they are young, they will have to be sad and regretful when they get older.
This sentence not only encourages people to cherish time and not waste time, but also warns us to take advantage of it. You are still young, so work hard, so that when you are old, you will achieve nothing and only be left with sadness and regret.
43. Relaxation is the way of civility and martial arts.
Be relaxed but not relaxed. , civil and military skills cannot be used; relaxation without stretching is the principle of civil and military skills; one step at a time and relaxation is the way of civil and military skills. "Book of Rites"
The translation has "Always pull the bow string very tightly without relaxing it." This is something that King Wen and King Wu of Zhou could not do. On the contrary, always being relaxed and not tense is what King Wen and King Wu of Zhou are not willing to do. Only when you are tense sometimes and relaxed sometimes, have work and rest, and balance leniency and severity, can you do this. This is the method used by King Wen and King Wu of Zhou to govern the country. This sentence is often used to remind us that the tightness of life and the work and rest of work must be reasonably arranged.
44. The beauty of adulthood
A gentleman. The beauty of an adult is not the evil of a villain. "The Analects"
Translation Confucius said: "A gentleman fulfills the good deeds of others and does not encourage their evil deeds. The villain is the opposite. ”
This sentence tells us that when we behave in society, we should proceed from the desire to be kind or beneficial to others, and wholeheartedly promote others to realize their good intentions and legitimate requirements, and not to ignore others’ failures, mistakes, or pain.
45. The words of the same mind are as stinky as orchids
The two people are of the same mind, and they are as sharp as gold; the words of the same mind are as stinky as orchids. "Book of Changes"
People who work together are strong enough to break hard metal; people who work together express unanimous opinions and are persuasive, and people are like smelling the fragrance of orchids and are easy to accept. < /p>
This sentence talks about the deep friendship between friends and emphasizes the importance of unity.
46. The friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, but the friendship between villains is as sweet as wine.
And the friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and the friendship between villains is as sweet as sweet wine; the friendship between gentlemen is as gentle as wine, and the friendship between villains is as sweet as wine. If there is no reason for them to get together, there is no reason for them to separate." "Zhuangzi"
Translation And the friendship between a gentleman is as light as clear water, and the friendship between a villain is as sweet as liqueur; a gentleman is indifferent but close-hearted, and a villain is sweet but sharp and severe. If they are close to each other for no reason, they will be separated for no reason. This sentence expresses an important principle of making friends. The communication between friends should not contain any utilitarianism. Such communication is purely friendship, but long-lasting and cordial. If there is a strong sense of utilitarianism and the friendship is based on mutual use, and it looks "sweet" on the surface, it will be easy to break off once the other party cannot meet the utilitarian needs. Therefore, when interacting with others, you must find a gentleman. Don't look for villains.
47. If a person does not learn, he or she will stand facing the wall.
If a person does not learn, he or she will stand facing the wall. "Shang Shu"
If the translator does not study, he is like standing facing a wall and cannot see anything.
This sentence once again emphasizes the importance of reading and learning. As the saying goes, "Not reading is like a blind man."
48. Read it a hundred times, and its meaning will become apparent
When you encounter "Laozi" who is good at governing, you will write annotations for "Laozi". He was also good at "Zuo Shi Zhuan", and even wrote "Zhu Mo Bieyi". There are people who are scholars, but if they are unwilling to teach, they say: "You must read it a hundred times first!" He said: "Read it a hundred times, and its meaning will be apparent to you.
""Three Kingdoms"
The translator Dong Yu studied "Laozi" very well and made annotations for it; he also worked hard on "The Biography of Zuo Shi in the Spring and Autumn Period" and wrote "Zhu Mo" based on his research experience. Scholars nearby asked him to give lectures, but he refused to teach, but said to them: "Read it a hundred times, and its meaning will become apparent. ”
This sentence warns us that we must first read the book repeatedly. Only in this way can we understand its essence. Of course, we must think about it during the reading process and read it with understanding, otherwise it will just be nothing more than talking on paper. The key point.
49. Fifty steps make you laugh at a hundred steps.
What if you take fifty steps and laugh at a hundred steps? "Mencius"
Translation Is it okay to laugh at a soldier who has taken fifty steps and laugh at a soldier who has taken a hundred steps?
Although there is a difference in quantity between those who have taken fifty steps and those who have taken one hundred steps, they are essentially different. It's the same - it's all about running away. This tells us that we should look at the essence of things and don't be fooled by superficial phenomena.
If you can do it with ten people, you can do it with a thousand. Even if you are stupid, you will be wise, and even if you are soft, you will be strong. Not yet! Just learn from him a hundred times; others will learn it after ten times, but I still can’t! Just learn from him a thousand times, no matter how stupid you are, you will become smart, no matter how weak you are.
This sentence once again shows that as long as the stupid bird flies first, he will surely enter the forest early. Each of us has different qualifications and physical strength, some are strong or weak, but as long as we With this spirit of "one hundred and one thousand", success will come naturally;