Classical Chinese version of Shuo Wen Jie Zi: Shan,. Xu Anqi is scattered, everything is natural, and there are stones that are high. Hieroglyphics. All mountains belong to mountains.
Vernacular version of Shuo Wen Jie Zi: Mountains proclaim the spirit of the earth. Mountains spread the earth's atmosphere everywhere, promoting the growth of all things and towering with stone cliffs. Like a continuous peak. All the words related to mountains are beside "mountain".
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Dongba: the only hieroglyph in the world
When foreigners came to Lijiang, Yunnan, they were not only impressed by the beautiful Yulong Snow Mountain and Dayan Ancient Town, but also attracted by the unique Dongba language of Naxi people. This is the only living hieroglyph in the world, and it is known as the "living fossil" of words.
As early as 2003, Dongba ancient books, as the carrier of Dongba culture, were approved by UNESCO to be included in the "Memory of the World List". Dongba ancient books are the only minority world heritage among the five major heritages of China listed in Memory of the World.
Feng Li (Naxi), director and researcher of the Office of the Yunnan Provincial Minority Languages and Characters Steering Committee, said in an interview with this reporter recently that Dongba is a kind of writing of Naxi in Lijiang, which belongs to the ideographic type, including pictographic, comprehensible, demonstrative and pictophonetic characters. The total number of characters is about 1600.
Dongba's ideographic method mainly uses one word or several words to express a sentence, from left to right and from top to bottom. This kind of writing was produced about 1 1 century ago. This is one of the oldest hieroglyphs in the world and is still in use today.
From the development of the natural form of characters, Dongba is more primitive than Oracle Bone Inscriptions, belonging to the early form of the origin of characters. The earliest symbol images were written on wood and stone. Later, with the invention of paper, Naxi ancestors wrote these symbolic images on paper and became Dongba classics.
Every image symbol in Dongba language has its established lines and brushwork, which forms the concept of fixed reference and has symbols to represent a word.
Judging from the vast number of Dongba classics preserved, Dongba classics and documents total more than 1500 kinds, totaling more than 20,000 volumes, among which 1000 kinds belong to Dongba classics, covering astronomy, geography, religious philosophy, myths and legends, and folk customs, which is called the "encyclopedia" of ancient Naxi people.
Interestingly, in Lijiang, Naxi people can speak Naxi language and can't write Dongba characters, because Dongba characters are only qualified for learning, and Dongba is the "priest" of Naxi people.
In order to protect and inherit Dongba language, many experts, scholars and related research institutions have done a lot of fruitful work for many years under the great attention of the party and the government. Specifically, there are three major tasks, one is in-depth study, the other is to strengthen the cultivation of Dongba descendants, and the third is legislation.
As early as1June, 980, Lijiang regional administrative office officially issued a document to establish "Lijiang Dongba Classic Translation and Arrangement Committee". 1981May, the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the establishment of Dongba Culture Research Office of Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences, which was led by the Provincial Academy of Social Sciences and Lijiang District Administrative Office. In 2004, it was changed to Lijiang Dongba Cultural Institute.
The National Ethnic Affairs Commission, the Yunnan Ethnic Affairs Commission, the Provincial Department of Culture and the Provincial Academy of Social Sciences have all funded the translation of Dongbajing. In order to save Dongba culture, Lijiang Dongba Culture Research Institute has compiled and published the Complete Works of Translation Annotations on Ancient Books of Naxi Dongba in recent years, with a total volume of 100 (a key national publication project in the Ninth Five-Year Plan).
He also edited and published a series of Dongba cultural books, such as Dongba Culture and Art, Selected Papers of Dongba Cultural Research Institute, and Information Collection of Naxi Dongba Religious Ceremony. , comprehensively sorted out the existing Dongba classics, and extensively carried out academic and cultural exchanges at home and abroad.
In addition, Lijiang also trains a new generation of Dongba in a special way of "college plus folk", so that they can keep in touch with rural society while conducting academic research in the college.
With the approval of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, in 2002, Dongba Culture Research Institute and Yunnan University for Nationalities jointly set up the undergraduate major "Naxi Language and Literature and Dongba Culture Direction";
In 2003, with the approval of Chongqing Academic Degrees Committee, Dongba Culture Research Institute and the College of Arts of Southwest Normal University jointly established a master's degree authorization point of "China Minority Languages and Literature", and Dongba culture entered the university hall, filling the gap of Dongba culture in undergraduate and postgraduate education.
In May, 2005, the "International Standardization of Naxi Dongba Pictograph" was formally established, led by Yunnan Provincial People's Language and Characters Committee, and Lijiang Dongba Culture Research Institute was the project implementation unit, which is in progress. (Reporter Ren Weidong)
China News Network-Dongba: the only hieroglyph in the world.