Cultivating good reading habits and training answering skills and methods are of great benefit to improving candidates' ability to correctly understand, comprehensively analyze and appreciate evaluation texts. The following aspects should be paid attention to when answering the reading questions of literary texts:

1. Read the whole article and get to the point.

When reading, we should first focus on the whole article, carefully read through the text, grasp the text from a macro perspective, and grasp the basic elements of the text, such as people, events, scenery, things, feelings, etc., understand the relationship between the various parts of the text, and then understand the author's creative intention, clarify the characters, events, scenery, feelings expressed in the work, as well as the author's views on life and attitude towards the characters written, so as to correctly grasp the text. In addition, the topic content behind the article can also help candidates to understand the main idea of the article, browse in advance, and get some enlightenment from reading the whole article.

2. Clear the context and divide the levels.

After mastering the main idea of the whole article, we should further clarify the context of the article and the author's writing ideas, so as to improve the efficiency of answering questions. However, there are also candidates who don't work hard in this respect, just skim the article, and seem to be eager to answer questions when they understand it. As a result, haste makes waste, which is time-consuming, laborious and error-prone.

3. Search range and extract accurately.

Reading questions mainly examine the examinee's ability to understand the text, and the answers can generally be found in the selected text. When answering questions, be sure to confirm the sentences, paragraphs or intervals involved in the topic, try to figure out the context and grasp the key sentences. Of course, sometimes the sentences found may not be used directly, or the sentences are too long, or the sentences contain other information irrelevant to the topic, which requires candidates to process, transform, reorganize and express the selected language information according to the meaning of the topic.

4. Comprehensive analysis and comprehensive examination.

Some reading questions require candidates to answer in their own words, and there are often word limits. This kind of topic requires high language expression ability of candidates, and the topic is also difficult. To answer such questions, we should thoroughly understand the requirements of the questions, grasp the main points of the content, understand the scope, angle and way of expression, and answer them in standardized language.

5. Know skills and define roles.

When reading literary texts, proposers often examine candidates from two aspects: expression and rhetoric. Therefore, it is very helpful to understand and appreciate the article by mastering the commonly used expressions and rhetorical devices.

Frequently Asked Questions and Standardized Answers of Modern Chinese Reading in College Entrance Examination

The subjective reading of modern Chinese in NMET can be roughly divided into several categories: language rhetoric, layout, expression, induction points and characters.

First of all, the question of language rhetoric:

Description: Question: Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why? Or: Can a sentence in the article be described as another sentence? Why?

Standard answer: No, because the word vivid and concrete (vivid and accurate) is written as+object+effect, so it will become+bad effect after being changed. Or: no, because this word has stronger feelings than another word (or this word is more suitable for the personality characteristics of the object than another word).

Ex.: There are dense forests in the mountains, in which springs are hidden. Sometimes, the spring water flashes across a bright lake in the sparse forest, and looking forward, it is no longer available. That half-exposed charming attitude reminds me that my beloved daughter often walks around my knees at home. Every time I reach out, she will run away and raise her smiling face to tease me; When I pretended to be indifferent, she ran quietly close to my waist. What a naughty boy! (Excerpted from Xie Daguang's Dinghushan Listening to Springs) Q: "What a naughty child", why not say "What a lovely child"?

Answer: Because "good" is more emotional than "true", "naughty" is more suitable for a daughter's personality characteristics than "cute".

Structure class: Question style: Can the order of two or three words be reversed? Why?

Answer: No, because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from the superficial to the deep, from the surface to the inside, from the phenomenon to the essence) (2) words correspond to the above one-to-one; (3) these words are progressive, interlocking and expressive. ...

Example: "Remember: People who want to take advantage often can't take advantage!" The father pointed to the poached egg in the bowl and warned his son ... "Remember, people who want to take advantage may suffer!" The father pointed to the egg and taught his son, "Don't want to take advantage, life won't make him suffer!" " "The father said meaningfully to his son. (from poached eggs)

Q: Can the order of the words "warning", "lesson" and "meaningful" be reversed? Why?

A: No, because these three words are progressive and express the love of the father for his son.

Rhetoric: Question: What rhetorical method is used in this sentence? What are the advantages of writing like this in expression?

Answer mode: confirming rhetorical devices+the function of rhetoric itself+combining sentence context.

1. Metaphor personification: vividly wrote+object+feature.

2. parallelism: imposing manner, strengthening tone, and doing it in one go; Spread out layer by layer, gradually expand and strengthen the theme; Emphasis+object+feature.

3. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …

4. Ask questions: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics.

5. rhetorical questions: emphasis, emphasis, etc. ;

6. Repetition: Emphasis+Emphasis

For example, this legend about bosom friends more than two thousand years ago has been deeply cherished in the hearts of countless Chinese descendants, and sometimes it makes a subtle sound, which makes people chew happily; Sometimes it growls like a hurricane, urging people to act quickly. Enthusiasm and longing are full of lofty friendship, what a pure and sacred sentiment. (Excerpted from the national volume "Talking about Friends" in 2002)

Q: How do you understand the sentence "Sometimes it makes a subtle sound and chews the aftertaste pleasantly"? Sometimes it growls like a hurricane, urging people to act quickly?

A: Rhetorical devices such as metaphor and analogy are used here to vividly express the aesthetic feeling and stimulating effect brought by The Legend of Companion.

Question about the layout of the article: Question method: What is the function of a sentence (paragraph) in the article?

Answer mode:

1. Preface: opening point; Take care of the problem; The full text of the general manager; Render the atmosphere and pave the way; Set suspense as the auxiliary bedding behind.

2. Text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; Echoing the previous article.

3. At the end of the article: point out the center; Sublimate feelings and deepen the theme; Take care of the beginning (point) and have a rigorous structure; Make the finishing point; The lines are full of meaning.

I'm afraid of my father. He really hit me. Looking at him with wide eyes, he approached step by step, but did not dare to hide. He tensed his muscles and waited, so he patted him and his head buzzed ... (from Han Yu's Fear between Father and Son)

Q: Please analyze the role of the first natural paragraph (above) in the work.

Answer: (1) as a foil to write my father's love for "I" below; (2) To pave the way for writing father's fear of "I" at the end of the article; (3) Take care of the topic of "fear between father and son".

Third, the question about expression:

Art: Question: What are the benefits, effects and functions of writing this article?

Answer mode: method+content+effect (or function)

For example, the trend of generations of China people traveling to the sea has its own distinct background, color and connotation, which cannot be generalized, but it is a silhouette of the ups and downs of the times and the splashing of waves in the mighty progress of history. The cohesion of national centripetal force does not depend on geographical distance. Our first generation of overseas Chinese put up with hardships and sent them abroad to have children, but they have been looking forward to China for generations and never forget the feelings of Sangzi. They all gave generously when the motherland needed it. Hong Kong Island, from ordinary residents to owners, gentlemen, gentlemen and celebrities of Hanyuan, enthusiastically donated money to the mainland, sharing weal and woe and showing solidarity and friendship. This is a touching example. (Excerpted from the National Volume "Local Complex" in 2003)

Q: The fourth paragraph of this article (that is, the above) describes the trend of generations of descendants of the Yellow Emperor traveling far and wide, praising them for their love for Mori Zi and their generosity, which is closely related to the motherland. Please combine the complex and analyze the function and benefits of this writing.

A: Raising the local complex to the height of national cohesion has enriched and deepened the meaning of the local complex. It specifically shows that the local complex will not fade because of the long time (history) and the barrier of space (geography). It not only takes care of the beginning, but also deepens the theme of this article. Character class: Question style: What are the advantages of writing with this person? Or: Why change this person?

Answer mode: first person: cordial, natural and true, suitable for psychological description; The second person said: it is convenient for emotional communication, lyrical and anthropomorphic; The third person: it is objective and calm, not limited by time and space, and easy to describe and discuss.

For example, fantasy is fantasy after all, and closure cannot be closed. How many ghosts of Princess Fan came back with the sound of voices in the moonlight. How many frost bows and arrows shoot sharp arrows and break the throat. Jimen was razed to the ground, Yantai was destroyed, and the sword whistling in the wind overturned the eyes. As a result, people found that the side wall is no longer a barrier, and the purple plug is no longer a spectacle. Become ridiculous, as if being ridiculed by time and space. Under the wind and sand erosion, it aged prematurely.

So I said, you are a symbol of cultural stupidity, the Great Wall! (Excerpted from the National Volume Great Wall in 2000)

Q: In this essay, the author mainly writes about the Great Wall in the second person. What are the advantages of this writing? (2) The third person "it" is used at the end of the sixth paragraph. What is the reason?

Answer: (1) personify the Great Wall: A. It is convenient to talk to the Great Wall and B. It is convenient to express feelings. (2) Because this sentence is based on "it was discovered", it describes the feelings of "people", rather than the author directly expressing his feelings to the Great Wall.

4. Question about summarizing the main points of the content: Question method: Please summarize the main points of a paragraph (or full text).

Answer mode: there are three steps: the first step is to divide the level of this paragraph, the second step is to extract keywords, and the third step is to integrate answers.

My mother likes flowers, and so do I. I live in Shimen Township, and there are two small yards in front and behind, so I plant a lot of miscellaneous plants, and I will also produce many beautiful flowers according to the season. Sometimes sitting in front of the porch, sweet-scented osmanthus exudes a faint fragrance, and I feel like I am quiet and quaint. In the evening of summer, the jasmine will always bloom, and pick two or three flowers in your hand. All the memories of youth will appear in front of my eyes with its fragrance. I think, maybe I don't like flowers, but all the lost time. Behind every flower, there are my cherished memories. (Excerpted from Xi Murong's The World of Flowers)

Q: The reasons why I love flowers in this paragraph can be summarized as three points. Please summarize.

Analysis: among the four sentences, it is obvious that the first two sentences are each a layer, and the last two sentences are a layer. Then the key words such as "mother's love for flowers", "quiet and quaint" and "cherish memory" are extracted from each layer, and finally the answers are integrated.

A: (1) influenced by my mother's love of flowers. (2) Flowers make me quiet and quaint. (3) There are my cherished memories in the flowers.

5. Questions about appreciating the characters: How to ask questions: Please briefly analyze the image of the protagonist in the text.

Answer: Answer according to the total score (total score). First, make a qualitative analysis of the whole character in one sentence, and then make a quantitative analysis from several aspects; You can also make quantitative analysis from several aspects first, and then make a qualitative summary in one sentence.

Example: The hostess soon discovered my unusual behavior, and she smelled the lampblack in the room. Immediately questioned. I was standing in the kitchen, listening to the intoxicated cries of the three brothers. I can accurately distinguish the nuances in their voices. If one of them doesn't scream, I'll concentrate. The hostess said, idiot, you don't need a range hood. Are you out of your mind? When I first worked for her, she called me "literary youth" in four words. These four words were uttered by her in authentic Beijing dialect, which was extremely vicious. Three months after I was hired, she called me an idiot. She said she didn't fire me because I didn't scare her like others did.

I motioned for her to keep her voice down and told her that there was a nest of sparrows in the chimney. They are my brothers. The hostess gave me a look from top to bottom (as if I were a monster), leaned forward and walked out of the kitchen. At the door, she squeezed out two words from her teeth-farmer. I like this name. Although equally vicious, I am really a farmer to the core. I don't think it is shameful to be a farmer. (Excerpted from Ernst & Young's Brothers in the Chimney)

Q: What kind of character is the "mistress" in the article? Please summarize it in one sentence and give examples.

A: This is the image of a city resident who despises migrant workers. For example, the word "farmer" is squeezed out through his teeth. (Or call me "literary youth" or "idiot" in an extremely vicious tone)

Problem-solving skills

1, circle and sketch when reading.

Read an article in a limited time. If you don't make any marks from beginning to end, it is likely that your brain will be blank and you will have no impression after reading it. When reading, marking the central sentence, turning sentence, related words and pronouns in the article can not only increase the impression of the content, but also grasp the writing ideas of the article center and the author. With these, you will be handy when solving problems.

Don't miss a word when reviewing the questions.

Every word (including numbers) in the title has its value, otherwise it will not be written in the title. This requires us not to miss a word when reviewing the questions. Never browse questions, because you may miss useful information. It is best to read the questions silently in your mind one by one and mark them with a pen if necessary. The following links cannot be ignored when examining the questions:

1 look at the problem. It is necessary to see clearly how many questions there are. If there are two or more questions in the topic, you must answer them one by one. You can't leave out a question or combine two questions into one.

2 Look at the requirements. In addition to asking questions, there are often some candidates who are required to answer questions. Some requirements in the topic often limit the scope, angle and form of answering questions, such as the 2003 college entrance examination question No.21:"In the fourth paragraph of this article, I wrote about the trend of generations of China people sailing to the sea, praising their unforgettable, generous dedication and sincere unity to the motherland. Please combine the local complex and analyze the role and benefits of this writing. " Among them, "combining with the squire complex" limits the scope of the answer, and the reference answers of the college entrance examination questions are organized around the word "squire complex".

3 Look at the score. Look carefully and try to calculate the score of the question. The scores of test questions can often indicate the main points of the answers. Because the marking of the college entrance examination is "grading step by step", and the distribution of each answer point will bring inconvenience to the marking if it is not an integer. Therefore, the number of points required by the answer should be divisible by the total score.

(4) See if there is a word limit. If the topic has a word limit, then the limited word number should be the approximate word number required by the answer. Knowing this, we should be careful not to exceed the limited number of words when organizing answers, and of course we should not be too much less than the limited number of words, for fear of missing the main points.

3. Determine the area where the answer is located

This link is very important, because if the answer is in the wrong area, it is completely lost. Mainly from the following aspects to determine the answer area:

(1) With the help of the topic itself. Sometimes the reading range of the answer is clearly defined on the topic.

② Determine the area according to the proposition principle of college entrance examination. College entrance examination proposers generally follow the following principles when drafting reading questions: 1. Try to let candidates use the sentences in the text as the basic materials for answering questions. 2. Try to take care of the reading and thinking order of candidates. 2. Try to embody the process from semantic understanding to comprehensive analysis. 3. Strive to form a series of contents from shallow to deep. According to these principles, the answer should be from front to back, from part to whole, with the increase of questions.

(3) Find out the position of the relevant sentences in the selected text, look up from the context, and pay attention to the hints of turning sentences, related words and demonstrative pronouns in the text.

For example, in 2002, the title of 19 in the college entrance examination was: "Why was Yu Boya" extremely excited and grateful "when he met his bosom friend Zhong Ziqi? "Let's first find out the corresponding position of' extremely excited and grateful' in the text, so that the answer area is roughly determined in the second section. The original words of this sentence are: "How can this not make Boya extremely excited and grateful?" As can be seen from the pronoun "this" in the clause, the answer should be at the top of this sentence. Here, finding words helps us a lot.

Another example is the second1title of the college entrance examination in 2002, entitled: "The story that Yue stopped playing the piano because he lost his bosom friend has become an eternal story, but why did the author' comfort' him abruptly? According to the context, simply answer. " Let's first find out the position of "abruptly encouraging him" in the text. In the third quarter, let's look at the first sentence of the fourth quarter, which is "What's more, Boya's road to learning Guqin is too difficult". The related word "except" in the sentence is a rhetorical tone to further explain the reason of "persuasion", so the fourth section should also be within the scope of the answer. If you don't pay attention to the related word "besides", you are likely to miss the main point of the answer.

4. Carefully sort out the answers.

After determining the area where the answer is located, the rest is to sort out the answer. The following three points are worth noting when organizing answers:

(1) Try to integrate with the original sentence. According to the characteristics of college entrance examination questions, candidates should be able to use the sentences in the text as the basic materials for answering questions, and the reference answers of college entrance examination questions over the years are also the integration of relevant sentences in the original text. Therefore, when answering questions, you must never take it for granted that you are divorced from the original material, and try to integrate the sentences in the original text as much as possible.

② Find out the logical relationship between the answer and the question. We should enhance our awareness of solving problems with logical thinking. Because although literary articles pay attention to thinking in images and win with emotion, they must not be influenced by emotions when solving problems. We can only integrate the answers from the text through our rational analysis and well-founded evidence.

For example, in question 19 of the college entrance examination in 2002, it is required to answer the question of the reasons for Boya's "abnormal excitement and gratitude", so there should be a causal relationship between the answer and the question. Some students replied: because he met a bosom friend, he was extremely excited and grateful. The answer itself is indeed causal, but compared with the stem, you will find that this answer is equivalent to no answer, or an irrelevant answer. Some students copied the above sentence, so they magically understood and became familiar with the residual feelings played by Boya, which really seemed to be his incarnation. This answer does have a causal relationship with stem's question, but imagine that a piece of music played by a performer contains feelings that others can understand and be familiar with. Why is Boya "extremely excited and grateful"? In fact, it is because Boya's piano sound is "infinite and mysterious", which most people can't understand. Therefore, this point should also be summarized in the answer and form a complete causal relationship with the question.

③ Choose a reasonable expression form. Is the answer expressed in sentences or short words? Is it a single sentence or a complex sentence? Do you use short words that are biased or short words that are verb-object objects? These all have to be decided by the problem of stem. For example, the title of the 2003 college entrance examination question 19 is: "From the text, what' childhood marks' have been laid on people?" In fact, this topic wants us to point out what the "brand of childhood" refers to, carefully study the grammatical form of "brand of childhood" and find that it is a noun phrase, then we can determine that the grammatical form of the answer should also be a noun phrase. The answers provided by the college entrance examination proposition group are indeed several noun phrases. For another example, the expression question on the monthly exam paper just passed is the fourth question. Ask doping inspectors what challenges they will encounter.

5. Check the test answers.

This link is often ignored by candidates. In fact, this link is essential. After the answer is drawn up, the first thing to do is to verify whether the answer is a question and prevent the answer from being irrelevant. Secondly, we should find and correct the ill sentences and typos in the proposed answer through review. What I want to put forward here is that it is best to make a draft before answering the questions on the test paper, otherwise the answers you have worked so hard to come up with are unreasonable and dazzling, which is a pity.