Middle school students are in the adolescent period of physical and mental development. They are enthusiastic and lively, have a strong thirst for knowledge, and have strong curiosity. In the learning process, they are no longer satisfied with reading books in the classroom, but are eager to broaden their horizons and expand their knowledge from wider channels to deepen their understanding of the knowledge learned in the classroom. Extracurricular reading is the best way. It is a further extension and supplement of in-class reading, which strengthens and promotes in-class reading. However, the current extracurricular reading situation of middle school students is not optimistic, and there are many deficiencies or misunderstandings that require sufficient attention.

1. Analysis of Extracurricular Reading Views

The study life of middle school students is relatively tight. In order to cope with the entrance examination, under the pressure of the school and parents, they spend all day around textbooks or teaching aids. Go around and immerse yourself in various assignments, exercises or test papers all day long. They actually have very little time for extracurricular reading. According to a survey, less than 15% of students can spend one hour a day reading extracurricular books, and no more than 30% of students can read for half an hour.

2. Deviation of Extracurricular Reading Tendencies

If we eliminate the interference of other factors and start entirely from our own hobbies, then we will find that the reading interests of middle school students are rich and diverse, and most of them I like books on science fiction, prose essays, cartoons, fairy tales and other themes. However, there are also some students who only focus on martial arts and romance novels. Especially there are another form of online romance novels, which keep them fascinated. Boys still prefer martial arts, while girls prefer Taiwanese romance novels and fashion magazines. Recently, some alternative books or "pocket books" have appeared in the book market. The contents are vulgar, boring, and even full of pornography and violence. Many students quickly became addicted to reading it. They thought it was trendy and fashionable. They left the books in the school library without borrowing them and went outside to rent them and read them. And many famous works at home and abroad are like yesterday's flowers and are no longer very popular. For middle school students, these classics seem very difficult, too difficult, and difficult to understand. More students just regard reading classics as extracurricular homework assigned by the teacher.

3. Failure to take good reading notes

A large number of middle school students have this experience. When they need to quote scriptures to argue with others, they have to search all over the place, which is extremely embarrassing. . This situation is common, and the main reason is that there is no good reading note. When they were studying, they did not use both their brains and their hands. They were too lazy to write reading notes. They just read them and then lost their understanding. As the saying goes, a good memory is not as good as a bad writing. Now 78% of middle school students cannot do this. They have not yet mastered this correct reading method and just stop at the glance.

Extracurricular reading is an important part of Chinese teaching. Practice shows that an important way to acquire Chinese literacy skills is through extensive extracurricular reading. Extensive reading can cultivate reading interest, expand horizons, open up ideas, develop intelligence, and improve reading and writing skills and appreciation levels. The neglect of extracurricular reading will directly lead to students' boredom in Chinese learning and lack of Chinese knowledge. Thus becoming the "frog in the well". In reading, middle school students should inherit the excellent traditional culture of their own nation and be good at learning and learn from advanced Western culture, improve the mind and personality of middle school students, and realize the recognition and maintenance of basic human values ??such as rationality, freedom, and justice. At the same time, teachers should have a lofty vision to help students choose extracurricular readings.

Extracurricular reading, main reading, leisure reading

Intensive reading, consolidating reading, extended reading

Stephen de Klassen in "Composition: Research, It was stated in the book "Theory and Application" that "students' spontaneous interest in extracurricular reading contributes to the development of composition ability. Increasing extracurricular reading is more effective in helping to develop students' composition ability than increasing regular writing training." This is in line with what the ancients advocated " "Read thousands of books and write like a god" and "Read thousands of books and travel thousands of miles" coincide with each other.

When people live in the world, only by constantly understanding the world can they continuously adapt to the world and then transform the world, so that they can survive and develop better. Reading allows people to see the splendor of the outside world through windows to the outside world.

People are constantly reading and learning. In this sense, it is not enough for teachers to let students "know how to read" by relying only on textbooks. They must practice through a lot of extracurricular reading.

Research shows that reading has a great impact on people before they are 18 years old. After the age of 18, personality and values ??gradually become finalized, and the influence of reading gradually decreases. The worldview of middle school students at this period has not yet been finalized, and their minds are in a stage of gradual enrichment. Due to the limitation of understanding, the ability to distinguish right from wrong and good from evil is weak. From these two points, it is necessary and beneficial to recommend excellent reading materials to middle school students, improve their minds and personalities, and guide them onto the right path in life. Recommended books should select books with healthy content and positive thoughts, showing the bright prospects of human life, encouraging middle school students to love life, and stimulating their creativity and imagination, so as to lay the foundation of knowledge and emotion on the road of life.

Extracurricular reading is an important part of Chinese teaching. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "Young people who love reading can read books other than their own, that is, extracurricular books. Don't just cling to the books in class." Teaching practice shows that the acquisition of Chinese reading and writing skills is of great importance. The way is still from extensive extracurricular reading. Extensive reading can cultivate reading interest, expand horizons, open up ideas, develop intelligence, and improve reading and writing skills and appreciation levels.

1. Problems and reasons for middle school students’ extracurricular reading

1. Narrow reading scope. Many middle school students attach great importance to the learning of textbook knowledge and training in practical skills, and allocate less time to extracurricular reading, resulting in narrow reading scope. , the knowledge is not broad. The author understands that, looking at the categories of students’ extracurricular reading, novels and magazines account for 53%, essay selections account for 32%, and others account for 15%. Moreover, relatively few students read classics. It can be seen from a large number of surveys on extracurricular readings in middle schools that middle school students’ favorite extracurricular readings are science fiction, martial arts novels, jokes and humor and other leisure and light reading materials. From this, we can also see that middle school students have a narrow reading range.

2. The reading method is inappropriate. Some students are willing to read in order to expand their horizons and increase their knowledge, but a large number of students have inappropriate reading methods. Some students are too casual when it comes to reading, without purpose or plan. Sometimes I don’t read for days, sometimes I read for hours, or I just read it all in one go, or I don’t sleep. Some students are "good at reading and don't seek deep understanding." They read a lot of books but do not chew them carefully. The most common thing is not paying attention to the accumulation of knowledge and not taking notes on reading. It should be noted that the memory of the human brain is cyclical. Only by classifying knowledge and excerpting, summarizing, or writing down the essence of the content encountered during the reading process can we truly absorb the essence of the book through reading.

3. Don’t know what to read. There are so many books, which ones are good to read? Many students feel confused. According to statistics on the registration of books borrowed from the library, most people read novels, followed by general readers, and the rest include film and television magazines, entertainment pictorials, celebrity biographies, etc., which are relatively scattered. When I asked them: "Why do you read these books and newspapers?" the answers were varied: "I like to read", "Read these books when I encounter them", "Borrow any books and read them"... There are few answers to why I choose these books to read. Someone to think about.

The main reasons for students’ lack of extracurricular reading are as follows.

1. No time or energy. Most students complain about the heavy academic load and high exam pressure. They are busy dealing with various exams all day long, and have no intention, inability, or time to take care of extracurricular reading.

2. Opposition from parents and teachers. Parents and teachers are most concerned about students' test scores. Reading extracurricular books is regarded as not doing their job properly, and may result in severe criticism or books confiscated. Even the right to read newspapers and magazines was completely deprived.

3. Not interested. Some students can take some time to read something during their busy schedule, but this is mainly for relaxation and entertainment, and they are willing to read some popular books. However, they feel alienated and alienated from serious books or classic books, which make reading difficult and uninteresting.

4. I don’t know how to read. Some students understand the importance of reading and are eager to read some good books, but they feel at a loss when facing the sea of ??books. They don’t know which books to choose to read and how to read them. Many students feel no sense of accomplishment after trying, so they give up.

Specifically, the neglect of extracurricular reading has directly led to two major shortcomings in students' Chinese language learning: boredom and poverty. "Chinese is naturally connected with life. Chinese is a tool that reflects life and in turn serves life. Now there is a phenomenon. Under the influence of 'examination-oriented education', parents and schools have bound students to textbooks. Not encouraging students to read outside the classroom, who knows, cuts off an important channel for students to understand life and society, and also suppresses students' initiative and enthusiasm for learning Chinese. "This passage from Mr. Liu Guozheng clearly illustrates the contempt for extracurricular activities. The serious consequences of reading are that it suppresses students' initiative and enthusiasm for learning Chinese in isolation, which also suppresses their interest in learning. In many places, Chinese courses have become disgusting and unpopular among students, and they are jokingly called "a side course in the main course" by students. Students lose interest in Chinese, which is the heaviest price we have paid for not paying attention to extracurricular reading for a long time.

In addition, neglecting extracurricular reading causes students to be confined in a small "textbook" space and become "frogs in the well". Most of them suffer from "anemia", so they always give the same answer to questions in class. In their compositions, It’s always the same ideas, the same materials, even the same lies, empty words and cliches. Who knows that the brewing of this evil result is precisely due to our own mistakes. Mr. Zhang Zhigong pointed out: "To master the language tool well and use it well, you must first have a wealth of materials in your hands. Poverty is a fatal flaw in language ability. The ancients have always emphasized reading more. They believed that only by reading more can one be good at writing. . They do not advocate narrowness, but broadness. "Reading more" and "reading broadly" are exactly the tasks of extracurricular reading. The only way to cure the fatal "poverty" of Chinese language is to enter extracurricular reading.

2. Categories and selection principles of extracurricular reading for middle school students

The main source of information comes from reading. Reading in a broad sense should include watching TV, surfing the Internet, communicating, etc. Reading in a narrow sense only refers to reading books. According to different reading contents and purposes, middle school students’ extracurricular reading can be divided into the following categories:

(1) Main body reading and leisure reading

1. Main body reading

Main body reading mainly focuses on classic works. They are the crystallization of cultural thoughts accumulated since the birth of human civilization. They condense human wisdom, have a major impact on human history, and shape our current society. Classic works have gone through a long period of testing, been recognized by everyone, and have lasting vitality. Only such readings can play a necessary and beneficial role in physical and mental development and social progress.

What is a classic? People of different eras have different understandings of this issue. Mainly affected by time, the knowledge structure and interests of the recommender, and also affected by bias or ideology, the recommendation of recommended books is often not very fair, accurate and objective, and inevitably involves the subjectivity and contingency of the recommender. However, it is very necessary for readers to accurately and objectively understand, select, and read real world masterpieces.

2. Leisure reading

It is leisurely reading for the purpose of entertainment that middle school students use their spare time to do. This type of reading material is close to the lives of middle school students and meets their psychological needs for pursuing fashion. Readers can gain entertainment stimulation and psychological satisfaction through reading as they wish. It has a strong and subtle effect and has a great impact on the physical and mental health of middle school students. Healthy and noble leisure reading can increase their knowledge and cultivate their sentiment; while vulgar and vulgar recreational reading can tempt them to degenerate. Teachers and librarians should keep abreast of students' recreational reading status, actively intervene, and try to make the most of the situation so that students can unknowingly accept reading orientation and prevent it from becoming the mainstream of extracurricular reading for middle school students.

(2) Intensive reading, consolidation reading and extended reading

1. Intensive reading

Middle school classroom teaching is all basic courses. Students read course-related guides recommended by teachers or librarians, which help digest and consolidate textbook knowledge and help complete assignments and take exams. This is the kind of reading that middle school students spend the most time on, the most effort on, and the most significant effect. Through scientific and orderly training, it enables students to master the basic knowledge and basic skills of reading subject written materials, thereby deriving the desire to read in the corresponding subject, and plays an important role in forming and developing the reading ability of middle school students.

2. Cumulative reading

In order to live independently in society in the future, middle school students begin to read extensively, consciously accumulate knowledge, and arm themselves with knowledge. This kind of reading is mostly inspired by the knowledge and experience gained in the classroom. Therefore, if the teacher's 45-minute classroom teaching fails to stimulate students' interest in extracurricular reading and does not effectively guide students' extracurricular reading, then the teaching task has not been truly completed.

Reflecting on the "full class" teaching, it can neither cultivate students' interest in cumulative reading nor leave enough time for students to read outside of class. Therefore, continuous accumulation of reading means constantly using old knowledge to acquire new knowledge, that is, the active consolidation of old knowledge.

3. Expansive reading

Refers to the pioneering reading done by students in order to realize their lofty ideals. It is a comprehensive product of the school's ideological and moral education, subject and cultural knowledge education, social and cultural environment influence, inspiration of the spirit of the times, student personality development and other factors. It is necessary to prevent students from partial subjects, and correct the phenomenon that they either emphasize science but neglect literature, or emphasize literature over science, or study in a single subject alone. It is also necessary to prevent students from being too ambitious and neglecting basic knowledge and basic skills. We must make students understand the importance and tasks of classroom teaching, recognize the mutually reinforcing relationship between courses in various disciplines, recognize the characteristics of talent needs in modern society, and correctly treat lofty ideals and Practical reading plans that are in line with the current actual situation guide them to develop comprehensively step by step in reading practices that are consistent with regularity and purpose.

In fact, expanded reading is the deepening and development of cumulative reading. In addition, some advanced students can also engage in creative reading on the basis of extended reading.

As a contemporary middle school student, what should I read and why should I read these books? I think we should grasp three points: First, it is to improve the cultural quality of middle school students and is conducive to the development of cultural quality. From the perspective of contemporary cultural tradition, the dual culture of China and the West has constructed the cultural environment in which we live. Inheriting the excellent traditional culture of our nation and learning advanced Western culture is the inevitable way to create a new culture for the Chinese nation. The recommended bibliography of the syllabus reflects the equal emphasis on traditional culture and excellent Western culture. The second is to improve the mind and personality of middle school students. Chen Sihe, a professor at Fudan University, believes: "Today's students have to start from scratch when teaching them many things. This makes me think about this question: In the current situation where basic education is very rich and complete, extracurricular reading, especially Is literary reading still necessary? In today's situation where technical knowledge dominates the mainstream of society, what role should Chinese education play? Basic things. "Many countries have specific regulations on extracurricular reading for middle school students. Although the selected books are different, they all focus on classics that play an important role in improving a person's mind. The third is the recognition and maintenance of basic human values ??such as rationality, freedom, justice, etc. A sound mind is something that concerns everyone. People are also members of society, and it is everyone's responsibility to maintain the healthy development of society. Basic human values ??are the cornerstone of human society and the guarantee for the openness and healthy development of society. Einstein said: "It is not enough to educate people with professional knowledge. Through professional education, students can become a useful machine, but they cannot become a person who develops harmoniously. To make students have an understanding of values ??(social ethics, standards) Understanding and having warm feelings is the most basic.” In addition to literary works, the required reading list for American high school students also includes political science works such as “Democracy in the United States”, “Declaration of Independence”, and “Utopia”. It also allows middle school students to be influenced by the basic human values ????believed by Americans, and then safeguard these basic values.

3. Thoughts on extracurricular reading guidance for middle school students

1. Broaden reading channels and teach students to arrange their time reasonably. After all, the knowledge students obtain only from books is limited. In fact, the carriers of this kind of knowledge in life are diverse. We can use materials other than textbooks, libraries, and reading rooms: such as Internet materials, television broadcasts, newspapers, magazines, and other forms of written materials in life. To train and improve students' reading comprehension skills. For example, every teaching class in our school has multimedia teaching equipment, and many students also have computers at home, which will greatly facilitate students to access information online.

As long as teachers provide correct guidance and make reasonable arrangements, it is feasible for students to read e-books. At the same time, schools or teaching and research groups can also arrange appropriate time through teaching plans to provide concentrated reading guidance, such as the "Readers Club" opened by our school's teacher Hu Zhicheng and the "Into Chinese Classical Culture" opened by teacher Zhou Jiahong and other expansion courses. It is very popular among students.

It is an indisputable fact that today's students have a heavier academic load. From morning to night, they have little time for personal control. Therefore, teachers should encourage them to make full use of their spare time to carry out extracurricular reading. During holidays, you should combine work and rest, alternate between homework review and extracurricular reading, and don't be overwhelmed by a novel.

2. Be good at choosing what to read. In terms of reading content, the following three principles should be followed: close to contemporary life, close to the psychology of young people, and close to the level of students. For example, students should be guided to use the style of the study unit in the textbook as the basis and choose articles of the same genre to read. For example, after learning narratives, you should use a certain article as the basis for radiative reading, and look for similar books or works by the same author to read. In your spare time, you can read some newspapers and magazines related to subject teaching for middle school students. For example: "Youth Daily", "Middle School Student Reading", "New Literacy", etc., through reading, increase subject knowledge. In addition, students should also be encouraged to read more classical masterpieces, such as Yi Zhongtian's "The Three Kingdoms", Yu Dan's "The Analects of Confucius", Liu Xinwu's "The Secret of the Dream of Red Mansions", etc., to increase middle school students' understanding of the ancient culture of the motherland.

At the same time, we must have a lofty vision to help students choose extracurricular readings. The selection can be based on the long circulation time and wide circulation space; praise from the world, introduction by experts, selection of fine works, collection of masterpieces, award-winning compilation, etc. We must always pay attention to students' extracurricular reading and avoid following the crowd and following fashion. Some students are either obsessed with the works of Yi Shu and Zhang Yueran, or they are chasing the blog posts of Guo Jingming, Han Han and others. Reading activities with such romance and fantasy as the main themes are not conducive to improving Chinese reading and writing skills. Although this type of works has certain aesthetic value and cognitive effect, such as strong emotions, bizarre stories, alternative language, etc., after all, its ideological and artistic quality cannot be compared with those famous works, and its value is not comparable. Moreover, the negative impact of those works that advocate the supremacy of emotion and express sad or even decadent thoughts and emotions cannot be ignored. Of course, there is nothing wrong with occasionally dabbling in such works. However, if all or most of the limited extracurricular reading time is consumed in this, the gains outweigh the losses. Teachers should try their best to choose books of high taste for children to read. Over time, children will have a sense of quality, be sensitive to distinguishing between good and bad, and reject mediocrity.

3. Combine directional and quantitative reading, individual and collective reading. As a Chinese teacher, students should be required to do directional and quantitative reading. Orientation refers to the direction of reading, that is, what kind of content to read, whether it is excellent literary and artistic works from ancient and modern times, Chinese and foreign works, or treatises on social sciences and natural sciences, or the best articles in newspapers and magazines. Quantitative refers to the amount of reading in a month or a semester, which is evaluated by the number of words. In targeted quantitative reading, individual reading is the basis. For one month or two months, each student should be organized into a group to report on their reading gains. They can recommend their favorite masterpieces or paragraphs, and they can talk freely. Then the group will evaluate the two or three best readers and share them with the whole class, so that students in the whole class can receive the good effect of collective reading.

4. Emphasize students taking reading notes. As the saying goes: "A good memory is not as good as a bad writing." If you are good at accumulating writing materials in reading, you will gain more from reading. Taking notes is an effective way to practice writing. The more you practice, the better your writing skills will be. Common types of reading notes include the following: ① Make excerpts: According to your own understanding and needs of the reading, classify and excerpt in time the important points, typical examples, wonderful sentences or paragraphs, famous sayings, rumors, allusions, historical facts, etc. In a notebook or card. ② Write a summary: summarize and abbreviate the content, key points, basic plot, etc. of the reading. This method can cultivate the ability of analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization. ③Write your experience: Write your own feelings, gains, questions and evaluations. The most common one is to write a review. In addition, you can also write book reviews, topic reviews, etc. Various methods of taking reading notes are rarely used in isolation, but are often used interchangeably and simultaneously.

Which method to use depends on the specific reading and the specific purpose of reading.

5. Read with purpose. According to your own specialties and hobbies, read works that can develop your own hobbies and specialties. In other words, students should be guided to purposefully choose some specialized books to read. For example, students who like calligraphy and seal cutting can find some art books to read; students who like radio can find some electronic technology and home appliances books. Maintenance books to read; students who love computers can find books such as "Computer News" and "Computer Lovers" to read. Correctly guide middle school students to carry out extracurricular reading, help middle school students establish scientific knowledge structures, and cultivate good psychological qualities to adapt to the needs of the times. This is the responsibility of our teachers.

Mr. Qian Menglong once published an article titled "Reading Can Cure Stupidity" in the "Middle School Student Reading" magazine. The article said that when he was a child, he was so stupid that his primary school teacher said that he was " Smart face, stupid heart." However, after he reached junior high school, he developed a strong interest in extracurricular books. He started by reading and reciting "Three Hundred Tang Poems", and then read a large number of classical and foreign literary books, which inspired a strong desire to write. At the same time, his understanding and memory have also improved significantly as his literacy skills have improved. Today, Mr. Qian Menglong still feels deeply that his success can only be attributed to one thing: extensive reading that started in junior high school not only enriched his knowledge, but also improved his originally poor intellectual condition. Fundamental change. He clearly told the world: "Reading is the panacea that cures my 'stupid disease'." Through continuous and effective extracurricular reading, middle school students can cultivate their sentiments and cultivate their moral character; they can exercise their thinking and develop intelligence. In this way, not only can the knowledge learned in the course be integrated, but also the knowledge learned can be learned deeply, thoroughly, and activated, and transformed into skills, thus transforming knowledge education into quality education.

"Ask the canal how clear it is, so that there is a source of living water." Give students a "golden key" to open the door to reading, free them from confusion, and let them read outside class. Develop yourself better in practical activities. If this can be done, it will be a blessing for teachers and education!

Just copy the above and you’ll be fine