The most intensive defensive war in ancient China: the Battle of Fishing City in Song and Meng Dynasties.
1258, Mongolia launched a three-way army to attack the Southern Song Dynasty and personally led the main force of the Mongolian army to attack Sichuan. His brother Kublai Khan led the middle road to capture Wuhan, and Tazal led the East Road Army to capture Jingshan. He also ordered Uriyangqatai to outflank Yunnan and attack Changsha, and planned to meet up with him in Wuhan, and take Lin 'an, Kyoto and Southern Song Dynasties downstream. The key to the success of this military plan lies in Mongo's attack on Sichuan When Meng Ge successfully captured Guangyuan, he went down the Jialing River and reached Hezhou, Chongqing. The proud Mongo sent Jin, the minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, to the fishing city to arrest him. I didn't expect Wang Jian, commander of Hezhou, not to buy this set, and cut off this guy's head, which made Mongo very angry.
On February 1259, Mongo boarded the outer city of Fishing City and fought with the guarding city Song Jun. Song Jun suffered heavy casualties, but after more than 50 days, the fishing city has not been captured. Mengge was anxious, thinking that since the Mongolian army entered Sichuan, many defenders of the Southern Song Dynasty had surrendered along the way. I didn't expect this small fishing city to be a "nail house".
An invincible man is naturally excited and unwilling when he meets a strong opponent, so Mongo keeps asking his soldiers to "die" in the fishing city. Wang Dechen, Meng Ge's assistant, was very worried, so he went to Fishing City alone to persuade him to surrender and was shot to death by a flying stone. Brother Meng is angry. But his anger cost him his life. There are many stories in history about the death of the fourth generation Khan of the Mongolian Empire:
The most popular saying is that Mungo was shot dead by an arrow. Liu Kezhuang, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote in Shu Jie: "It is not enough to turn to Russia in the north when dogs bark in the south." . Let's look at the poem "The fruit is shattered under the strong crossbow, and the ghost chapter has entered the sill car". Most historical books also hold the saying of "arrow in the middle", and the existing stone tablet inscription on the former site of Fishing Town is also clearly engraved with the handwriting of Meng Ge's "death with arrow in the middle".
Another theory is that Mungo died of malaria. Mongols can't fight for a long time, but it's also worth the hot summer season. The weather is not suitable, the army is hot, and malaria is prevalent. According to the history of Yuan Dynasty, Mongo Khan also got sick in June. Raster's Collection of History makes it clear that Mungo got malaria and died.
The third theory is that Mongo was knocked down by the wind of gunfire and died soon. In the Collection of Ancient and Modern Books in the Qing Dynasty, it was recorded that Munger was bombarded by shells and stones from Song Jun when he set up a watchtower to spy out the fishing city, and he was seriously injured and died. "He moved his troops and worried about the army mountain. He was very ill and died after crossing the Wentang Gorge in Jinjianshan." The Republic of China "Hechuan County Records" also has the same record. In addition, the historical investigation of the fishing town also said that after Mengge was caught in a storm, Wang Jian ordered people to send 30 kilograms of fish and hundreds of cakes fished out of Tianchi Lake in the fishing town to Mengge Camp, and attached a book, saying that there was enough water and food in the city, and Mengge could not attack the fishing town in another ten years ... Mengge, who was seriously injured, was ashamed and angry, retreated to Wentang and died.
There is also a saying that Meng Ge was repeatedly defeated by Wang Jian in the fishing city, "humiliated and angry to death in the army."
The last argument is due to the Chronicle of Haitun, which holds that Meng Ge was attacked in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the warship he was riding was cut through the bottom of the ship by Song Jun divers, and he fell into the water and died.
In short, no matter what kind of statement, it is an indisputable fact that Mongo announced his withdrawal in July 1259 and died in the military camp soon. The news of his death was secretly transmitted to Kublai Khan who was breaking through the natural barrier of the Yangtze River in Wuhan at that time. Kublai Khan withdrew his troops and returned to the north in order to compete with his brother Alibaba. The Southern Song Dynasty survived.
1276, the emperor of the southern song dynasty bowed down to the yuan dynasty (127 1). 10 months later, when yu zhang, the commander of Chongqing, beat back the Fifth Route Yuan Army that surrounded Chongqing, he didn't know the cowardly news. Later, he was captured alive by the Yuan Army in a fierce battle and committed suicide.
1279 Wang Li, the garrison commander of fishing town, saw that the Southern Song Dynasty was gone. What's the use of such a fucking court to protect it? Therefore, the city was humiliated in order to save the lives of 65,438+10,000 soldiers and civilians, and drew a tragic and beautiful end to the 36-year history of guarding the city during the Anti-Japanese War (Yucheng was built in 1243, and fought continuously with the Mongols). However, Fishing City still goes down in history with the tragic glory of "fishing alone in the Central Plains".
If it weren't for the battle of defending fishing towns, it would be difficult for us to connect Wang Jian and yu zhang, the grass-roots cadres in the Southern Song Dynasty, with the Great Khan of the Mongolian Empire. It is precisely because of their tenacious resistance with the soldiers and civilians in Chongqing that the history of the Yuan Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty has turned to an inflection point, and even the history of the world has turned to an inflection point. Fishing towns not only allowed the Southern Song Dynasty to live for another 20 years, but also eased the war disaster in Europe and Asia and aborted the powerful Mongolian team's conquest of Africa. So Europeans call it the land where the whip is broken by God.
postscript
As a typical representative of mountain city defense system, fishing town fully demonstrated its defense function in the cold weapon era and became a fortress that Mongolian army could not conquer. The ancient war hall of China People's Revolutionary Military Museum specially made a sand table model of the ancient battlefield of Fishing Town to show its important position in the history of ancient war in China.