In 76 1 year, the Anshi rebellion had not been settled. In the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (760), Du Fu, with the support of relatives and friends, built a thatched cottage next to Huanhuaxi outside Xiguo, Chengdu, to settle down his family. In August of the following year, the thatched cottage was destroyed by the autumn wind. Du Fu had mixed feelings and wrote "The thatched cottage was blown by the autumn wind" as a souvenir. In this poem, Du Fu describes his own sufferings, and shows the sufferings of the "poor people in the world" by describing his own sufferings, so as to show the sufferings of the society and the times. Du Fu's ardent feelings of worrying about the country and the people and his lofty ideal of urgently demanding to change the dark reality have been exciting readers' hearts for thousands of years and played a positive role. This poem was selected into the thirtieth volume of the eighth grade Chinese textbook of People's Education Publishing House and the ninth grade Chinese book of Jiangsu Education Publishing House.

original text

In August and autumn, the wind roared and rolled up my three hairs. Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats to Shentang 'ao.

The children in Nancun bully me. I can stand being a thief. I openly carried Mao into the bamboo forest, and my lips were so dry that I couldn't breathe. When I came back, I sighed on crutches.

In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark. This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking. There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain. How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep!

There are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor in the world, with a spring breeze and a mountain of wind and rain. Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone!

form

Song, a kind of poem that can be sung, was originally a form of ancient songs, and later became a genre of ancient poetry. Its syllables and meter are generally free, and its form adopts the ancient style of five words, seven words and miscellaneous words, which is full of changes. Its characteristic is that it doesn't pay attention to meter, which makes the poet's creative interest come. Expressing feelings, the number of sentences is unlimited, which can be said to be a "freestyle" poem with neat sentences.

To annotate ...

1 juàn: hang.

2 Endurance: How to endure?

3 into the bamboo: run into the bamboo forest.

4 for a while: soon, in an instant. Desert in autumn: The autumn sky is overcast and suddenly dark.

5 cloth quilt (qρn): quilt.

6 joules lying down with cracked feet: refers to the children's feet kicking and the quilt being kicked when sleeping; Bad sleep, bad sleep.

7 There is no dry place in the headboard house: there is no dry place in the whole house; House leakage refers to the northwest corner of the house, where the ancients opened the skylight and the sun shone from then on. "Bedside leakage" refers to the whole house.

8 rainy feet are like hemp: describe the intensive rain.

9 mourning: refers to the Anshi rebellion.

10 He Yuche: How can I stay up until dawn?

1 1 Dabai (b √): Full coverage protection. Scholars: Scholars originally refer to intellectuals, that is, intellectuals, but here they refer to people who talk about poverty.

12 desert: cloudy and foggy.

13 autumn height: autumn depth

14 abrupt: towering appearance

15 direction: nearby

translate

In late August and autumn, the wind roared and swept away several layers of thatch on my roof. The thatched grass flew across Huanhuaxi and scattered on the other side of the river. The high-flying thatch hangs on the high treetops, and the low-flying thatch floats and sinks into the pond.

A group of children in Nancun bullied me, because I was old and had no strength, so I had the heart to be a thief and rob things face to face, and ran into the bamboo forest with thatch in my arms unscrupulously. I cried so hard that I couldn't stop drinking, so I had to come back with a cane and sigh.

After a while, the wind stopped and the dark clouds in the sky were as black as ink. In late autumn, the sky is gray and gradually darkens. This cloth has been covered for years, cold and hard, like an iron plate. The child didn't sleep well, so push the quilt in. There is no dry place in the whole house, but the rain is so dense that it keeps falling like a vertical line. Since the Anshi Rebellion, I have had little sleep, long nights, leaking houses and wet beds. How can I stay up until dawn?

How can we get thousands of spacious and tall houses, which can generally shelter the poor people all over the world and make them smile, so that (the house) will not be shaken by the wind and rain and be as stable as Mount Tai? Alas! When such a towering house appears in front of me, I will freeze to death even if my hut is blown apart!

author

Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was named Shaoling Yelao, Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu. China was a great realistic poet in ancient times, and was called "Poet Saint". He wrote 1400 poems in his life. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. The distant ancestor was Du Yu, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and his father was Du Xian. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.

background

In the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (759), there was a famine in Guanzhong area, and people's lives were very difficult. In the autumn of this year, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Qin Zhou (now Tianshui, Gansu) and then to Sichuan via Tonggu (now Chengxian, Gansu). With the help of relatives and friends, he built a thatched cottage on the banks of Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs of Chengdu and lived a temporary and stable life. He felt happy and self-sufficient, so he sang spring rain, strolled for flowers, sent flowers to the river, and entertained himself with poetry and wine. However, this superficial lightness can not conceal his poverty, nor can it dilute his consistent feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Last autumn (76 1), a storm hit his cabin, which woke him up from his romantic seclusion again, made him face the reality and worried him, so he wrote this poem.

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Appreciation 1

In the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (759), Du Fu built a thatched cottage next to Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs of Chengdu, and lived a temporary and stable life. But this superficial lightness can't hide his poverty, nor can it dilute his consistent feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Last autumn (76 1), a storm hit his cabin, which woke him up from his romantic seclusion again, made him face the reality and worried him, so he wrote this poem.

The poem itself is very interesting. Why "sing a poem" when the hut is broken by the autumn wind? What influenced the poet's poetry?

This poem begins with a description and is completely realistic. Write about the power of autumn wind first, "howling" is its momentum, and sweeping away the thatch on the house is its "record"; Write your own helpless situation again. In the face of this powerful nature, I had to let it do whatever it wanted, watching my thatch cross the river, hanging high in the treetops and sinking into the pond depression.

Faced with the violence of nature, the poet showed calmness and even had some patience to appreciate it. But in the face of the urchin's "robbery in the wind", he was really angry. It wrote down its own gaffes truthfully, so frankly. He is angry with himself, not with the children. He hates that he is old, helpless, and useless to his country and family. Perhaps I also deeply blame myself for my lack of self-cultivation and generally care about children. In short, after anxiety, he turned to silence and gradually thought hard.

After the strong wind, dark clouds gathered. Needless to say, the autumn rain came uninvited. The poet withdrew his sight, stopped paying attention to the changes of nature, and concentrated on the hut where he lived. After years of poverty and years of wandering, he couldn't even make a quilt, but it was the cold quilt that made the children who slept dishonestly push up. The house is full of rain, and there is no dry place, but the autumn rain keeps going regardless of the underground. What a life this is! The night was long and the poet lost sleep. And "self-pity", I don't know how many nights have passed, what's the use of tears?

Suddenly, the poet cheered up from his meditation and shouted, "There are thousands of spacious buildings, and all the poor people in the world are happy." At this time, the ideal overcame the reality, and the will overcame the sigh. Although he lacks a "safe house" now, if such a house that can warm the poor all over the world suddenly appears, he would rather live alone in a hut and freeze to death! What kind of feeling is this? This is a feeling of saving the world by enjoying the sufferings of people's livelihood and observing the changes of the world, just like Three Officials and Three Farewells he wrote in the war.

This is an ancient poem. The continuous rhyming transformation embodies the characteristics of "Song", and the patchwork of single-line loose sentences and even long and short sentences also reflects the dynamics of "line". It is precisely because of the touch of reality and the inner desire that poetry can naturally emerge from the chest without false modification. The whole poem narrates first, then talks about lyricism, which not only describes the poet's poverty and even embarrassment, but also expresses the poet's broad mind, which is sincere and touching.

Appreciation 2

This poem can be divided into three parts. There are five sentences in the first section, each of which rhymes, and there are bursts of wind from the five flat rhymes of "good", "wool", "intersection" and "depression". "In the autumn of August, the wind roared, and my family's three hairs." The momentum was rapid. The word "wind howling" is loud and loud, which reads like roaring in the autumn wind. A word "anger" personifies the autumn wind, which makes the next sentence not only full of action, but also full of strong feelings. The poet finally built the hut, and just settled down, but the autumn wind deliberately opposed him, whistling and rolling up layers of thatch. How can he not make the poet extremely anxious? The word "flying" of "Mao Fei crossed the river and scattered in the suburbs of the river" is closely related to the word "rolling" in the previous sentence. The rolled thatch did not fall beside the house, but flew over the river with the wind, and then scattered like raindrops in the suburbs of the river: "The highest one hangs on the top of the forest." It is also difficult to take back "those who go down float and sink in the pool". One after another, the dynamics of "rolling", "flying", "crossing", "falling", "hanging" and "drifting" not only constitute vivid pictures, but also touch the poet's sight and touch his heartstrings. The genius of the poet lies in that he does not express his feelings abstractly, but reflects his feelings in an objective description. When we were reading these poems, we clearly saw a thin old man with thin clothes and rags standing outside the house on crutches, watching the roaring autumn wind roll up the thatch on his house layer by layer, blowing across the river and scattered in the suburbs of the river; And his anxiety and resentment about the broken house caused by the strong wind can't help but resonate with our spirit.

Five sentences in the second quarter. This is a development and supplement to the previous section. The thatch "sprinkled on the periphery of the river" written in the last section cannot be recovered. Is there anything on the ground that can be restored? Yes, but it was taken away by the "Nancun Group Children"! The word "bully me" should be focused. If the poet is not "old and weak", but strong and energetic when he is young, he will naturally not be bullied like this. "Being able to face a thief" means having the heart to be a thief before my eyes! This just shows the resentment of the poet who was bullied because he was "old and weak", and it is not true that "Quner" was accused of being a "thief" and wanted to sue the government for crimes. So "my lips are so dry that I can't breathe", and there is nothing I can do. In the words of the poet Matagoro, this is "it is better to have this than to be poor"! If the poet was not very poor, he would not be so worried about the wind blowing away the thatch; If "Tuaner" was not very poor, he would not have braved the wind to hold those worthless thatches. This is all over. The lofty aspiration of "owning endless buildings and protecting the faces of the poor in the world" is based on the reality of "being poor all over the world".

"Come back and lean on the stick and sigh" always receives a paragraph or two. As soon as the poet heard the barking of the north wind, he was worried that the hut that was not strong enough would be in danger, so he went out on crutches and walked home helplessly until the wind blew the thatch of the house beyond recovery. "Leaning on the staff" is of course to take care of the "old and weak". The word "self" in "self-sighing" hurts! The poet's unfortunate experience was only his own sigh, which did not arouse others' sympathy and help, so the watering of the worldly wisdom was also intended to be outside the words, so the content of his "sigh" was very profound! When he was devastated by the wind, homeless and unable to get sympathy and help from others, he clearly thought of countless poor people in similar situations.

In the third quarter, eight sentences were written about the miserable situation of broken houses and constant rain. The phrase "the wind will instantly set the color of clouds and ink, and the autumn is bleak and dark" uses a lot of pen and ink to render a gloomy and sad atmosphere, thus setting off the poet's gloomy and sad mood. It is expected that there will be dense raindrops sprinkled on the ground from the bleak autumn sky. The phrase "clothes are cold and iron for many years, jiao zi lies with her feet cracked" cannot be written by an author with poor life experience. It is worth noting that this is not only a worn-out cloth quilt, but also a preparation for later writing. In Chengdu in August, the weather is not "cold". It is precisely because "there is no dry place at the head of the bed, and the rain is endless" that I feel cold. "Since I can't sleep, how can I get wet overnight?" Two sentences, one vertical and one closed. First, from the present situation to all kinds of painful experiences since the An Shi Rebellion, from the stormy hut to the war-torn country; As soon as I closed it, I returned to the reality of "getting wet all night". Worrying about the country and the people, plus "getting wet all night", how can you sleep? "Why is there a car" and the previous "unbroken" concern show the poet's urgent mood of looking forward to both rain and dawn. And this kind of mood is inspired by the predicament of broken houses and iron clothes. Therefore, the personal hardship is linked to the similar situation of others, and naturally it comes to the end of the whole poem.

"There are thousands of spacious buildings in Qian Qian, and the poor in the world are happy, and the wind and rain are as calm as a mountain." Seven characters are used before and after, nine characters are used in the middle, and words such as "Guangsha", "Thousand Rooms", "Great Shelter", "Tianxia", "Happy Face" and "Anrushan" are used to express broad boundaries and happy feelings, and their voices are loud. This unrestrained passion and fiery hope, without singing, sighed, "alas! Suddenly I saw this house in front of me, and I froze to death alone! " The poet's broad mind and lofty ideals have been vividly demonstrated so far.

historic site

Du Fu Thatched Cottage

In the late winter of 759 AD, Du Fu went to Chengdu to escape the Anshi Rebellion. The following spring, with the help of his friends, he built a hut by the Huanhua River in the western suburbs of Chengdu, which is the hut mentioned in his poem "The Hut was Blown by Autumn Wind". Du Fu has lived here for nearly four years.

Du Fu Caotang is located on the Huanhua River outside the west gate of Chengdu, Sichuan Province. This is the former residence of Du Fu when he lived in Chengdu. Wei Zhuang, a former Shu native, discovered the location of the thatched cottage and rebuilt it to preserve it. Since then, it has been restored and expanded. 196 1 year in March, was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 1985 In May, Chengdu Du Fu Caotang Museum was established, which is the largest, most well-preserved, most distinctive and most famous of the existing traces of Du Fu's whereabouts.

Comments and explanations

This is an ancient poem with lines. Sentence patterns are uneven in length, and the rhyme has changed many times, which has a feeling of unevenness and twists and turns, which is helpful to express the bumpy life and sad mood. The evaluation of this poem in Tang and Song poetry is: "It is extremely boring to write directly and see the power of the pen. There will be an uproar when you go in. Put away your pen and collect it. If the dragon loses its tail, it's not just this old brain. Without this intention, poetry cannot be written. "

The whole article can be divided into four paragraphs. From the beginning to "Tang 'ao" is the first paragraph, which is about the anxiety of broken houses in front of strong winds. From "South Village" to "Sigh" is the second paragraph, which describes the helplessness of these children. The third paragraph, from "a moment later" to "why is there a car", describes the suffering of rainy nights. From An De to the end, the fourth paragraph is about the expectation of architecture and the sublimation of suffering. The first three paragraphs are realistic narratives, telling their own sufferings, and their emotions are implicitly suppressed; The latter paragraph is the sublimation of the ideal, expressing the feelings of worrying about the country and the people directly, with intense emotions and great momentum. The first three paragraphs laid a solid foundation for the lyricism of the latter paragraph. Such a tortuous emotional transformation perfectly embodies the "depressed and frustrated" style of Du Fu's poems.

Sentence solution

In August and autumn, the wind roared and rolled up my three hairs. Mao Fei crossed the river and sprinkled it on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lowest one floats to Shentang depression.

The autumn sky in August is far and wide. Who had expected, suddenly a gust of wind roared, and all three layers of thatch in my hut were torn off in an instant. The thatch flew over the river and scattered on the other side. Some hang high at the top of the forest, and some sink into the depression of the pond.

Explain the beginning of time with one sentence, and then rhyme each sentence with five flat rhymes, which brings a momentum to the opening. The word "wind whistling" means that the autumn wind is fierce, loud, fast and powerful. "Rolling" means scraping off the bottom, which is both dynamic and full of strong feelings. The poet finally built a hut, and just settled down, but the autumn wind seemed to deliberately oppose him, making it impossible for him to live in peace. How can this not make the poet extremely anxious? "Hanging", "hanging" and "winding" are low-lying places.

The children in Nancun bully me, and I can't stand being a thief in the opposite direction and openly carrying Mao into the bamboo forest. My lips are burnt, my mouth is dry, and I can't breathe. When I came back, I sighed at my staff.

A group of urchins in Nancun bullied me because I was old and weak, so I had the heart to be a thief to my face and openly picked up the thatch and hid in the bamboo forest. My lips are burning and my mouth is dry. I can't keep shouting. I came home with a cane and a sigh. Here is the same sentence, people write from heaven and earth. The first three sentences are about this group of children swaggering to "grab" face to face, and the last two sentences are about their helplessness. In contrast, those children are naughty and weak in poetry. The sentence of "forbearance" shows the poet's anxiety and indignation. It is not true that those children were accused of being thieves. In the words of the poet "Goro again", it is "it is better to have this than to be poor"! If the poet was not very poor, he wouldn't be so worried about the wind blowing away the thatch. This is all over. The lofty aspiration of "owning endless buildings and protecting the faces of the poor in the world" is based on the reality of "being poor all over the world".

In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark. This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking.

After a while, the wind stopped, the dark clouds were like ink, and the autumn sky was gloomy and foggy, and suddenly it was dark. The cloth that has been covered for many years is cold and hard. Like iron, Joule's sleep is not good. His feet were pushed around in the quilt, which broke. Just as the poet sighed helplessly, the sky changed again, which was a precursor to the storm. The words "for a while" dipped in thick ink render a gloomy and miserable atmosphere and set off the poet's mood. The words "cloth quilt" describe the embarrassment of life. The quilt has been used for many years, but it is broken again, which is not enough to keep out the cold, suggesting the poet's hidden pain and anxiety that it is difficult to go home. "Russian tendency", soon, instantly.

There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain. What's the point of getting wet all night?

The cabin leaks rain, the bed is wet, and there is no dry place in the house; Moreover, the rain is still dense and will not stop. I have seldom slept since the accident; How can we get through the morning in such a long night and wet? Although this passage is a trivial ramble, it can make people clearly see the sad scene of the poet sitting alone in bed sighing. The two sentences of "Zi Jing" are vertical and integrated. First, from the present situation to all kinds of painful experiences since the An Shi Rebellion, from the stormy hut to the war-torn country; As soon as I closed it, I returned to the reality of "getting wet all night". "Mourning" refers to the Anshi Rebellion.

There are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor people in the world from the spring breeze and the wind and rain!

How can we get thousands of high-rise buildings, so that all the poor people in the world can get shelter and happiness? No matter how the wind and rain blow, the house is as stable as Mount Tai! These words put themselves in others' shoes, thought of the sufferings of the people, and put forward the ideal of making the poor "all laugh". This poem has a pleasant feeling, a broad realm and a loud and powerful voice. From the poet's own painful life experience, he expressed his unrestrained passion and ardent hope, which has been exciting readers' hearts for thousands of years. The sentence "Andrew" is an imagination you want but can't get. The "Great Shelter" is completely covered and protected. "Poor scholar" originally refers to poor scholar, and here refers to all poor people.

Oh! When did you suddenly see this house? I can freeze to death alone!

Alas, when can I suddenly see such a house in front of my eyes? At that time, even if my house leaks and freezes me or even freezes to death, I will be willing! It is of great significance to the people that the poet pushes human feelings from peaceful coexistence. He would rather freeze to death than get the warmth of the poor in the world. Compare Bai Juyi's poem "Autumn in New Cloth" and "Andrew Wan Liqiu" and take a look around. Steady and warm as me, there is no cold person in the world. "that's just pushing yourself and others, not as good as du fu's' rather bitter than profitable'. The poet's broad mind and lofty ideals have been vividly demonstrated so far. However, the poet's desire to create a "thousand houses" at the expense of "my family is broken alone" is not so much a reflection of the poet's anger and depression as a manifestation of "loving the world but not the whole body"

Notes on the title or background of a book.

This is Du Fu's Song, which was written in the autumn and August of the second year of Shang Yuan (76 1). During the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu went through rough times, was captured and fled, became an official and abandoned his official, and went hungry for three years before arriving in Chengdu. Last spring, Du Fu visited relatives and friends in the year of know life and built a thatched cottage near Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs of Chengdu. Finally, with the help of his old friend Yanwu, he got a temporary residence and lived a slightly stable life. Unexpectedly, in August, the roaring autumn wind swept away the thatch on Du Fu's thatched cottage, and it rained heavily at night, which made the house leak and even the bed wet. The old and frail poet was filled with emotion and wrote this touching poem.

Bai Juyi said: "Articles are written in the times, and songs and poems are written in things." This poem by Du Fu is like this. In the face of suffering, Du Fu not only bemoaned his own experience, but pushed himself and others, hoping that all the "poor people in the world" would be spared from it. And express the noble feelings of suffering for others. This spiritual realm of putting others before oneself has inspired and infected countless readers. Zheng Sixiao, a poet in Song Dynasty, wrote in Song of Autumn Wind Breaking Du Zimei Cottage: "The road around Huanhuaxi seems hard to find. Several huts have been complaining bitterly that killing Shaoling is worrying about the country. "