Where is your hometown? It's leisurely to think about it. In autumn rain in Huainan, geese came from Gaozhai.
-Wei's "Yan Wen" Xiaofa combed the water and sat in the cold pond to watch autumn. The heart of the country is endless, and a wild goose crosses the South Tower.
-Zhao Wei's "Cold Pond" Wild geese migrate in the spring and autumn. In autumn, wild geese seem to be struggling to fly back to their nests. This scene often affects the homesickness of wanderers. Therefore, poets often use geese to express their feelings and express their deep homesickness. 2. In ancient China, there was a legend that "Scriptures satisfy biography". Because it was difficult for ancient people to communicate with their relatives who went out, the goose was asked to undertake the mission of "messenger". For example:
Wild geese come without evidence, and dreams are hard to return. Leaving hate is like spring grass, still alive.
-Li Yu
Serenade of Peaceful Joy/ Lyrics to the Joy of Peace and Tranquillity
Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance.
-Li Qingzhao's "Sound Slow" 3. Wild geese always migrate in the shape of "human" or "one", so lonely geese (broken geese, solitary rainbows, broken rainbows) have become poets' images to express loneliness and drift. For example:
In the prime of life, the boat is listening to the rain, the river is wide and the clouds are low, and the broken geese are called the west wind.
-Jie Jiang's Yu Meiren? 6? 1 Listening to the rain Between the vast river and the low-pressure clouds, only a lone goose whines in the cold wind, looking so lonely, small and helpless. The poet used the image of a lonely goose to express his sad mood of drifting in the stormy waves.
Second, the moon.
People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs. People naturally associate people's emotions with the ups and downs of the moon. The full moon reminds me of reunion, and the lack of the moon reminds me of separation. However, life is always divided into many parts, often the moon is short of people, and the full moon is not round. When an old friend sees the moon, it is easy to touch the scene and think of relatives in his hometown. The most typical is Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night:
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already? I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic. Also like Li Yu's Meet You Huan:
Silently alone in the west wing, the moon is like a hook, and the solitary phoenix tree locks the autumn in the deep courtyard. Cut constantly, the reason is still chaotic, in order to leave sorrow, the in the mind has a special taste. This poem is about parting sadness. The first one is about scenery, and the second one is about lyricism. Late at night in the clear autumn, the poet boarded the West Building alone. From Silence and Loneliness, we can see the depth of his melancholy and the loneliness of his figure. Then he looked up and saw the waning moon as a hook, which was both practical and symbolic. Imagine, even the moon is not complete, where is the hope of world reunion? How much loneliness and sadness will the moon like a hook add to the poet's heart?
Not only that, the moon is also a medium for wanderers to contact their hometown. If a wanderer is a kite flying from his hometown, the moon is a thread. Why don't vagrants get lost? That's because there is a moon! The moon shines with its infinite brilliance on the wanderer and also on the hometown. The wanderer looked up and saw the moon, and sent out many beautiful reverie: Tonight, the hometown under the moon should be as beautiful and quiet as ever. What are all the relatives in my hometown doing? Such as Du Fu's Moonlit Night:
In Fuzhou, far away, she is looking at the moonlight, looking at it alone from the window of her room, because our boys and girls, poor little babies, are too young to know where the capital is. This poem was written by the poet in a prison camp in Chang 'an, expressing the poet's thoughts about his wife and family. The poet didn't say that he missed his wife by looking at the moon, but imagined that tonight was the full moon in Zhangzhou, and his wife was looking at the moon alone. Although she has a child with her, the child is too young to understand her mother's mind and cannot share her worries. In this way, the poet's fascination with thousands of miles away is written, full of sadness and emotion, which makes his poems go further. 3. Climb the mountain (climb the stairs and go to the stage) 1. China has a vast territory, and the literati of past dynasties have drifted away from home, and the news is unreasonable. Once they boarded the building and looked into the distance, the scenery of their hometown mulberries and the old faces of their loved ones came to mind one after another, and it was inevitable that they would come out of it. Therefore, it is a common feeling to look far and cherish the distance:
Now, when I climb this mountain to see you, my heart flies high with the geese. Sadness is often the mood of dusk, and the mood is often the atmosphere of autumn.
-Meng Haoran's "Autumn Mountain to Send Zhang Wu" Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went to the tall building alone to look at the horizon. If you want to send colorful stationery without a ruler, where do you know that the mountains are long and the waters are wide?
-Yan Shu's "The Recent Flowers"
Without the heart to climb the distance and overlook the distant home, it is difficult to gather the desire to go home. Sigh for many years, why stay!
-Liu Yong's Klang Ganzhou 2. Climbing high, at the top of the mountain or on a high platform, is actually the intersection of endless space and eternal time. Facing the boundless space, people will more and more truly feel the smallness of individuals being placed between heaven and earth; Facing the eternal time, people will feel the shortness of life more and more painfully. This personal sense of insignificance and the shortness of life will inspire people to ask their own life value urgently. The result of questioning is often: life is like sending, youth is fleeting, ambition is not paid, and France and China have been born. Therefore, climbing mountains can easily lead to the sadness of not satisfying one's talents and not paying one's ambitions. The most representative is Chen Ziang's Youzhou Tower:
No one can see the ancient wisdom of the ancient king, only those wise men who can't see the afterlife can see it. Only the boundless universe, boundless, can't stop the tears full of sadness. Ambitious people were repeatedly attacked for pointing out Chen's shortcomings. This poem is about him stepping onto the stage and overlooking. The first two sentences are about the past and present, and they are about the length of time. The third sentence, write "heaven and earth", that is, the vastness of space. The fourth sentence is written in the big background, and there stands an image of a poet who feels lonely and sad because he is useless. The poet shed tears in the wind and was generous and sad, which won the strong resonance of countless talented people in later generations. Fourth, falling flowers (falling red) are easily reminiscent of the passing of spring, the passing of a beautiful life, the fading of youth, the departure of friends and even the passing of all beautiful things. The disappearance of a beautiful and fresh life will certainly cause bursts of sadness in people's hearts. Such as Du Fu's "Meeting Li Guinian Downstream":
Seeing the house is very common, but Cui has heard of it several times before. Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance. On the surface, this poem describes the surprise of meeting, but in fact it is full of emotions. This is of course reflected in the comparison between the past and the present, and all of them are concentrated on the word "falling flower season". In retrospect, Du Fu and his friends were young, high-spirited and ambitious, and the Tang Dynasty was also in full swing. Nowadays, poet friends have gone through hardships and live in Jiangnan. They have reached the "falling flower season" of their lives. After the "An Shi Rebellion" in the Tang Dynasty, the river gradually declined, and it also reached the "flower falling season". The feelings of life experience and the hatred of home and country come to mind together, so why not? 5. Sunset 1. Sunset and western hills naturally give people a feeling of decline and desolation. For example:
Sunset, infinitely beautiful, only near dusk.
-Li Shangyin's "Leyou Tombs" Outside the sunset, the number of Western jackdaw in the west, flowing water around the lonely village.
-Qin Guan's "Man Ting Square" Sunset Tower, in the sound of breaking, wandering in the south of the Yangtze River, saw Wu Gou, the railing was full, and no one would climb it.
-Xin Qiji, "Shui Longyin? 6? 1 board the health banquet hall 2. Influenced by ancient agricultural civilization, people have lived a long life of "working at sunrise and resting at sunset", which will inevitably have some profound influence on the psychology of our nation. Specifically, there is a deep-rooted concept in people's minds: it's time to go home after sunset. Tracing back to The Book of Songs, the source of China's ancient poetry, we can clearly see the birth track of this emotion:
Chickens live in the noise, and at night, cattle and sheep come down. A gentleman is in service, so why not? The chicken is back in the nest, the sun is going down, and the cattle and sheep are going down the mountain in circles, but the husband can't go home when he goes out to war. How can this not be missed? On the other hand, people who go out see the sun set, birds return to their nests, farmers end their day's work and start to go home, and the smoke from other people's roofs has curled up and the dusk is boundless (where will I stay tonight? ) ..... This situation makes people homesick! Sunset not only gives people a sense of decline and desolation, but also a symbol of homesickness, and the two are often integrated. Such as Ma Zhiyuan's poem "Clear sand? 6? 1 Qiu Si ":
Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are flowing, and old roads are thin horses. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. The sunset not only adds a layer of desolation to the artistic conception of the whole song, but also implies that the sunset has arrived. At dusk, homesickness begins. This has penetrated into the deep layer of our national culture and psychology, so it has eternal emotional power. Six, cuckoo cuckoo in ancient mythology, Du Yu, the king of Shu (that is, Wang Di), was forced to give way to his courtiers and live in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, his soul became a cuckoo. Therefore, the cuckoo in ancient poetry has become a symbol of desolation and sadness. For example, Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left, and Long Biao Yao had this letter":
After the easy autumn, cuckoo clock, I heard you pass five streams. I entrust my sad thoughts to the moon, hoping to accompany you to the west of Yelang.
The cuckoo is a kind of bird. The first sentence is the scene of the eyes, which conveys the feeling of parting and sadness in the bleak natural scenery. Three or four sentences express infinite nostalgia and deep sympathy for friends with the rich imagination of caring for the bright moon. Song Hezhu's Memory of Qin E;
In the dead of night, the atrium just shines with pear blossoms and snowy moons; Pear blossom and snowy moon, sad, cuckoo crying blood.
In the middle of the night, the moonlight shines on the snow-white pear flowers in the courtyard, and the cuckoo is mourning, which makes people miss their loved ones more and feel sad. Poets express their deep homesickness by describing sad scenery. Others, such as "the lonely pavilion is cold in spring, the cuckoo sounds in the sunset" (Walking on the sand), "Zi Gui still cries blood in the middle of the night, but he can't call it back if he doesn't believe in the east wind" (Ling's "Sending Spring"), all express his sadness or homesickness with the cuckoo's wailing. 7. Swallow Swallow is an image deeply loved by poets. The arrival of swallows often means the arrival of spring. Poets like to express their joy with swallows. For example, Du Fu's quatrains: "Mud melts swallow, sand warms mandarin ducks to sleep." Bai Juyi's spring outing in Qiantang: "A few early warblers compete for warm trees, and whose new swallow pecks at spring mud." However, the double flight of swallows is often used to contrast the loneliness of leaving people, such as Yan Shu's "Butterfly Loves Flowers": "The threshold chrysanthemum is sad and the smoke is blue, the curtain is light and cold, and the swallows fly away. The bright moon doesn't hate suffering, and the oblique shadow wears Zhu Hu. " Yan Dao Ji's Linjiang Fairy: "Falling flowers are independent, Swift Qi Fei." Eight, the ancients thought that cicada meal was a symbol of nobility. Therefore, the ancients often expressed their noble character with the nobleness of cicadas, such as Yu Shinan's "Cicada": "When weeping and drinking, the dew is clear and the sound is thin. It's not the autumn wind that makes you afraid to speak loudly. " Luo recited in prison: "His flight went through the fog heavily, and his pure voice was drowned in the wind world." Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? ? "However, cicadas don't live long after autumn. After some autumn rains, cicadas will make a few intermittent moans, and their lives are at stake. Therefore, chilling has become synonymous with sadness. For example, Dondero's "Chanting Cicada" begins with two sentences: "The cicadas in the west are singing, and the guests in the south are thinking deeply." Singing in silence makes you deeply homesick in prison. Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, began: "Cold cicadas are sad, the pavilion is late, and the shower is early." Before the direct description of parting, the feeling of "sadness" has filled the reader's heart, brewing an atmosphere that can touch parting. Poems such as "Crying on My Side" (Three Kingdoms Cao Zhi's "Wang Biao as a White Horse") also express this feeling. Nine, crow crow is an unlucky bird, often used to represent a gloomy situation. For example, "Danyang sent Wei to join the army": "Danyang sent a boat with a national gift, and you didn't know each other's autumn. In the evening, Jiangnan looks to the north of the Yangtze River, and water comes from Western jackdaw in the west. " Zhang Ji's "a night-mooring near maple bridge" "On a frosty night, Jiang Feng sleeps in the fire." 10. The images of partridges, birds and partridges also have specific connotations in ancient poems. The song of partridge makes people sound like "I can't live without my brother", which is very easy to evoke the association of hard journey and full of parting. For example, "In autumn, the setting sun is vast and the grass is bright, and the partridges are far away from people" (Li Qunyu's "Smelling the partridges on Jiuzipo" in the Tang Dynasty), "The river is sad at night, and the mountains are deep and the partridges are heard" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man? 6? 1 book Jiangxi stoma wall), etc. The partridge in the poem is not a bird in a purely objective sense.
1 1. Chrysanthemums Although chrysanthemums are not as beautiful as peony, they are not as expensive as orchids. However, as the flower of Ao Shuang, it has always been favored by literati. Some people praise its strong character, while others appreciate its lofty temperament. Qu Yuan's Lisao: "Drinking Mulan Dew in the morning and eating Qiuju in the evening are not beautiful." The poet symbolizes his noble character by drinking dew and eating flowers. Tang Yuanzhen's Chrysanthemum: "Autumn bushes are like Taoist priests, and the more they surround, the more inclined they are. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred in flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. " Expressed the poet's pursuit of firmness and noble character. Other poems, such as "I'd rather hold incense in the branches and die than blow it in the flowers" (Cold Chrysanthemum by Zheng Songxiaosi) and "Dew in the Lonely East, Sand shines before the gold" (Two Chrysanthemums after Chongyang by Song Fan Chengda), all use chrysanthemums to express the poet's spiritual quality, and the chrysanthemums here undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality.
Twelve, plum blossom plum blossom is the first to open in the cold, and then lead to the blooming flowers, so plum blossom, like chrysanthemum, has always been respected and praised by poets. "Plum Blossom" by Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty: "A flower changes suddenly first, and ten thousand flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristic that plum blossoms are the first to bloom, and wrote the quality of being the first in the world and not afraid of setbacks. This is not only Yongmei, but also praising himself. Wang Anshi's plum blossom: "It's not snow when you know it from afar, because it has a delicate fragrance." The poem not only describes the reasons why plum blossoms are scattered by the wind, but also implicitly shows the purity and whiteness of plum blossoms, which has received the artistic effect of good fragrance and lewdness. Lu You's famous sentence "Yongmei": "Scattered into mud, crushed into dust, only fragrance remains." Plum blossom is used to describe a person's unfortunate experience of being destroyed and his noble sentiment of not wanting to go with the flow. "Mo Mei" by Wang Mian in Yuan Dynasty: "Don't boast of its lewdness, just leave the air fresh and dry." It is also the plum blossom that shows that it is unwilling to go with the flow, shallow and profound. Thirteen, pine trees pine trees are a model for fighting frost and snow, and naturally they are the object of praise. Li Bai's "Book for Huang Shang": "I hope you are loose, but be careful not to be peaches and plums." Wei always flatters powerful people, and Li Bai writes poems to persuade him to be an upright person. Serina Liu in the Three Kingdoms gave his younger brother: "Don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress are sexual." The poet used this sentence to encourage his cousin to be as loyal as sending pines and cypresses, and to maintain noble quality under any circumstances. 14. Lotus because "lotus" and "pity" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "Lotus is picked in autumn in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " "Lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "green" means "clear". There are both real and imaginary here, which means pun. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love. Thirty-five songs in Jin's "Forty-two Midnight Songs": "The fog reveals the lotus, but the lotus is unclear." The dew in the fog hides the true face of the lotus, but the lotus leaf is not very clear. This is also a way of homophonic pun, writing about a woman who vaguely feels that the man loves her. 15. The Indus River is a symbol of desolation and sadness. For example, Wang Changling's Poem of Long Letters in Autumn says, "The phoenix tree in Jinjing is yellow with autumn leaves, and the bead curtain does not frost at night. The smoked jade pillow has no color, and you can listen to the Nangong for a long time. " It is about a girl who is deprived of youth, freedom and happiness. In a desolate and lonely palace, she lay alone, listening to the palace leak. The first sentence of the poem begins with a phoenix tree with yellow leaves by the well, which sets off a bleak and cold atmosphere. Ren Yuan Xu Zaisi "Double Narcissus? 6? 1 Night Rain: "Ye Qiu, a little banana and a little sorrow, dream for three nights. "With buttonwood leaves falling and rain hitting plantains, write down all your worries. Others, such as "One leaf makes a sound, and the empty steps drip to the light" (Tang Wen and Ting Yun's "More Leaky"), "The phoenix tree is raining even more until dusk" (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice") and so on.
Others-
Because snow misses the nobility and flowers miss the beautiful scenery, the whiteness, clearness and coldness of snow and ice are often used to show the loyalty and noble character of the soul. For example, Jiang Xue of Liu Zongyuan said, "There are no birds in hundreds of mountains, and there are no footprints in thousands of paths. A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow. " Zhang Xiaoxiang's Nian Nu Jiao? 6? 1 Crossing Dongting Lake: "I should remember that mountains and rivers have been on the water for many years, and I am alone, and my liver and lungs are all ice and snow. "The sound of beating clothes (or training) is a kind of sound full of family life, which is often used to express the lovesickness between lovers or lovers. For example, Li Bai's "Midnight Wu Ge": "A bright moon hangs high in the capital, and ten thousand hammers wash it. Autumn wind blows my heart, forever blowing to Yumen Pass. "Li Yu's preface to children's play:" The deep courtyard is quiet, the small courtyard is empty, the cold anvil is intermittent, and the wind is intermittent. But the night is long and people don't sleep, and the sound of the moon comes to the curtain. "In addition, there is a metaphor for the girl's nostalgia for the maturity of plums, such as" looking back at the door, but smelling plums "(Li Qingzhao's" Dianjiang Lips "); Use floating clouds as a metaphor for wandering wanderers, such as "I want to think of you in the floating clouds, so I think of me in the sunset" (Li Bai's "Seeing Friends Off"); Yuanyang refers to loving couples, such as "why not give up your life if you succeed?" It is better to be a mandarin duck than a fairy "(Tang Lu's" Ancient Meaning Chang 'an "); Lilac refers to sadness or complex, such as "I have been worried about seeing lilac knots since Nanpu Bie" (Tang Niuqiao's Thanksgiving) and so on. Is it detailed enough? how much is it?