At present, superstring theory holds that the order of magnitude of vibrating string is larger than quark small quark theory, but not much smaller than nucleus. For example, a proton or neutron consists of three quarks and gluons. It can be seen that quarks are not much smaller than nuclei. The mass of electrons is11836 of protons or neutrons, which should be small enough;

In recent years, there is still a hot issue in physics, that is, neutrinos. There are trillions of neutrinos passing through the body every second, but we don't know it at all, because it is so small that it may have no mass (some scientists say it is one millionth of the mass of electrons), and quarks are smaller than it and can only give up;

Glue. Theoretically, it is predicted that there are ***8 kinds of strong interactions between particle transfer quarks, with a rest mass of 0, a spin of 1, and a colored charge. The electromagnetic interaction between charged particles is realized by exchanging photons; Similarly, the strong interaction between quarks and colored charges is realized by exchanging gluons, but the difference is that photons have no charge, and they cannot emit or absorb photons themselves. There is also a strong interaction between gluons and colored charges, and gluons themselves can emit or absorb gluons.

Quarks: gherman took the phrase "three quarks for a calling sign" from James Joyce's novel Night Sacrifice in finnigan. Quarks have many meanings in this book, one of which is the sound of seabirds. He thinks this is suitable for his original strange idea that "elementary particles are not fundamental and elementary charge is not an integer", and he also points out that this is just a joke and a resistance to pretentious scientific language.