The Organizational Principles and Contents of Liang Shuming's Rural Agricultural School
A: In the spring of 1929, Liang Shuming visited the rural vocational education improvement experiment hosted by Tao Xingzhi's Nanjing Xiaozhuang Normal School, Xugongqiao in Kunshan, Jiangsu, and Huang Yanpei, and the civilian education in North China and its rural autonomy. Liang Shuming attached great importance to the problem of farmers in China, and believed that the fate of China depended on rural construction. (1) Organizational principles of Liang Shuming's rural agricultural school ① Integration of politics and religion to unify politics through education. Rural construction relies on the power of education to implement political and economic measures. Replace village offices with village schools and township schools, give full play to the functions of administrative institutions, institutionalize Japan's administrative system, and replace administrative power with educational power. ② School-style education and social education are integrated. Starting from the actual needs of rural construction, Liang Shuming attached great importance to the education of rural people. In his view, rural education should focus on mass education, pay attention to adult education and promote social progress. (2) Contents of Liang Shuming's Rural School ① 1929. Liang Shuming founded the henan village Institute of Governance in Huixian County, Henan Province, and served as the academic director and editor-in-chief of Village Governance Monthly. Set up two departments, namely, rural organization training and rural teacher training, to train grass-roots regime personnel and rural educators. ② 193 1 year, with the support of the Shandong provincial government, Shandong Rural Construction Research Institute was established in Zouping, Shandong Province. It served as the director of the research department and the dean of the research institute successively, trained rural construction talents for rural construction, handled experimental areas, guided rural research and rural schools in Zouping, Heze and Jining experimental areas, and explored rural construction in China on the basis of inheriting the ancient customs and traditions of rural governance in China. ③1in March, 933, the Shandong provincial government decided to designate Zouping and Heze as experimental areas for county government construction and rural construction, and Shandong Rural Construction Research Institute and the two county governments were merged into one. The practice of the experimental area is: the county government issues official school-running documents, organizes rural school management committees in various districts, and runs rural schools. Rural agricultural schools are divided into primary and advanced schools, mainly for adults over 18 years old, and the study time is three months in winter. The content focuses on spiritual cultivation, with Disciples' Rules, Zhu Zi's Family Instructions and San Zi Jing as the initial teaching materials, and then the Book of Rites Primary School as the further teaching materials.