feudalism is an ancient politics in China. The most perfect feudal system in China was the Western Zhou Dynasty.
the son of heaven represents heaven to govern the world, but the ancient son of heaven had limited ability and could not manage too many places. So the son of heaven only managed the places around the capital, called "Gyeonggi" or "Bangji". In other places, the emperor gave it to relatives or heroes for generations to manage, and gave the title level of "Gong Hou Bo Zi Nan" 5 and so on. It's called "founding the country by sealing the nation". The vassal's obligation is to make regular pilgrimage to the Emperor, make regular contributions to the Emperor, and send troops to help him in the war. The right of a vassal is to control all the military, political and civil affairs in his territory from generation to generation.
This shows that the core of feudal system is decentralization and local independence. Therefore, it was inevitable to trigger a scuffle between princes later. So big countries annexed small countries. Finally, seven great powers were formed in the late Warring States period. Due to the needs of the war, these seven big countries have established a centralized political system internally, and they are no longer engaged in feudalism. Qin of the seven countries eventually annexed other countries and established a brand-new country.
Qin Shihuang, out of his own self-interest and considering the disadvantages of the feudal system, decided to completely abolish the feudal system and implement centralization. There were no more vassals in China, but counties directly ruled by the emperor. This is also called "county system". Oppose feudalism.
Although the Qin Dynasty was short-lived, many of its designated systems were preserved and even carried forward. Such as "centralization" and so on. It has been preserved until now.
after the collapse of the Roman empire, Europe also formed a small independent country. It is also decentralization, and the owners of small countries have great rights at home. This is similar to the "feudal system" of the Zhou Dynasty. Therefore, in modern times, "feudal system" also refers to this political system.
Marx only knew the history of Europe. He divided the history of Western Europe into primitive society-slave society-feudal society-capitalist society. This is only a historical change in western Europe, which is not the case in other regions.
However, after liberation, due to well-known reasons, the Party took the lead in everything. Therefore, the history of China has also been cut to fit the needs, applying the nondescript thing of "primitive society-slave society-feudal society-capitalist society".
in the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang was born in poverty, was hostile to officials, and was completely worried about them. Therefore, he abolished the prime minister and practiced emperor autocracy. From this perspective, it has strengthened centralization. But his descendants do not have such exuberant energy. So the power was still divided between the eunuch and the cabinet. The cabinet system of the Ming Dynasty was very perfect, similar to that of some western countries now.
Manchu took advantage of the civil strife in China and occupied China. Because they practice alien rule and national oppression. So they monopolize power, wantonly killing the backbone of China and suppressing the advanced culture of China. During their rule of China, China made great strides backwards in all aspects. Therefore, in just 2 years, China has changed from the most advanced, prosperous and open civilized country in the world to a backward and dark semi-barbaric country.