Trees ① Bamboo Bamboo is the incarnation of the gentleman and is the gentleman among the "Four Gentlemen". With its fairy-like, unrestrained and natural, elegant and tranquil beauty, it makes people fascinated; and with its empty but restrained, sparse and light character, not admiring glory, not striving for beauty, not flattering or flattering, it is like the ancient sages who "are neither indifferent nor indifferent". It is consistent with the sentiment that "a clear ambition cannot be achieved without tranquility", so the ancients had the famous saying "a gentleman is more virtuous than a bamboo". Zheng Banqiao loved and respected bamboo all his life; he painted about bamboo and wrote poems about bamboo. Zheng Banqiao was wild and unruly, proud and upright, so he often chanted bamboos and painted bamboos to encourage others and himself, such as "Stick to the green mountains and never relax. The roots are still in the broken rocks. After thousands of hardships, they are still strong, regardless of the east, west, north, south wind." , praising the green bamboo standing among the rocks for its tenacity and indomitable character and its talent to thrive without fear of adversity. ②Liu The Chinese characters "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic. Breaking willows to say goodbye implies a diligent desire to stay. For example, the poem "Farewell" written by an unknown person in the Sui Dynasty: "The willows are green and hanging on the ground, and the poplar flowers are flying in the sky. When the wicker branches are broken and the flowers fly away, I ask the passers-by if they are coming home." The willows are green and green, with long strips hanging down to the ground; poplar flowers It's a long journey, flying all over the sky, not caring about things; breaking all the willow branches, trying hard to stay, saying goodbye today, when will you come back? The willows are like thousands of arms stretched out by the farewell person, holding on to the clothes and sleeves, not wanting their friends to leave. How strong is the meaning of Yin Yin's retention? The same is true for Liu, how can people be embarrassed! ③Pine and cypress. Pine and cypress are a model of aloof frost and snow, symbolizing unyielding will. Li Bai's "Book to Serve Huang Shang": "I hope you will learn from the pine tree and be careful not to be a peach and plum." Wei Huangshang has always flattered the powerful, so Li Bai wrote poems to persuade him, hoping that he would become an upright person. Liu Zhen, a native of the Three Kingdoms, wrote in "Gifts to Congdi": "Don't you suffer from the cold? Pines and cypresses have their own nature." With this sentence, the poet encouraged his cousin to be as loyal as pine and cypresses and to maintain noble qualities under any circumstances. ④In ancient legends of Wutong, Wutong is male and Tong is female. Wutong grows and grows old together, lives and dies together. There is a saying in my country that "Wutong trees treat each other as they grow old, and mandarin ducks unite and die together." Therefore, Wutong trees are often used to represent the relationship between men and women in poetry. Love till death. The most imaginative and romantic final section of the Yuefu folk song "The Peacock Flies Southeast" uses the above connotation. "Pine and cypress are planted to the east and west, and plane trees are planted to the left and right." This wonderful and mysterious picture embodies people's hope for pure love and desire for a happy life. The sycamore leaves fall early, and the ancients said that "when a sycamore leaf falls, the whole world knows autumn." The ancients have always had a sad autumn complex. They feel sad when they see things, and they feel the depth of autumn when they see the leaves falling. For example, in "Speechless, I go up to the west tower alone, the moon is like a hook, and the lonely phoenix tree locks the clear autumn in the deep courtyard" ("Meeting Happily" by Li Yu of the Southern Tang Dynasty), the emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty who was in captivity certainly had a lot of sorrow, and this The cold moonlight shines on the bare sycamore trees, adding to the sadness of the people in the courtyard. 2. Flowers and plants ① Orchid Orchid is a symbol of beauty, nobility, simplicity, virtue and elegance. Because of its high quality, orchid is also known as the "gentleman among flowers". There is a saying in "The Songs of Chu·Nine Songs·Mrs. Xiang" that "there are orchids in the Yuan and there are orchids in the Li". Wang Yi's note: "It is said that there are luxuriant orchids in the Yuan River, and there are fragrant orchids in the Lishui River, which are different from other grasses." Orchid originally refers to the fragrant grass growing on both sides of the Yuanli River, and was later used to describe noble people or noble people. thing. ②Chrysanthemums The most popular chrysanthemums in Aoshuang are Tao Yuanming's favorites, "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain", it is a leisurely pleasure. In "Chrysanthemums" by Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty: "The autumn bushes surround the house like Tao's house, and the fence is gradually sloping. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers, but there will be no flowers when the flowers are in bloom." It expresses the poet's pursuit of steadfastness and noble character. ③Plum plum blossoms are not afraid of severe cold and are unique in early spring. The indomitable spirit and tenacious will of plum blossoms have always been regarded as a symbol of noble character and noble temperament. Lu You's famous poem "Yong Mei": "It fell into mud and ground into dust, but only the fragrance remains the same." He used plum blossoms to describe his tortured misfortune and his noble sentiments that he did not want to join in the misfortune. ④Lotus Since "Lotus" and "Pity" have the same pronunciation, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poems to express love. For example, in "Xizhou Song" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasty: "In autumn, lotus flowers are collected in Nantang, and the lotus flowers exceed people's heads; I lower my head to pick up lotus seeds, and the lotus seeds are as green as water." "Lotus seeds" means "pitying children", and "green" means "qing". This is both real and fictitious writing, with semantic puns and homophonic pun rhetoric, expressing a woman's deep longing and pure love for the man she loves. ⑤Grass: Use lush vegetation to contrast the desolation to express the emotion of prosperity and decline. For example, Du Fu's "The green grass in front of the steps has a spring color, and the oriole's voice is singing in the sky through the leaves." It describes that a generation of virtuous ministers and their achievements have disappeared. Now there is only the green grass reflecting the green stone steps, which produces spring color every year, and the oriole sings out this melodious and beautiful sound in vain. With the cry, the poet lamented that the past was empty and expressed deep regret. ⑥Red beans Use red beans to express lovesickness. Wang Wei's poem "Lovesickness": "Red beans grow in the South, and a few branches will grow when spring comes. I hope you will pick more, as this is the most lovesick thing." The poet expressed his nostalgia for his friends through the red beans that were born in the South. 3. Animals ① Hongyan The Hongyan is a large migratory bird that migrates south every autumn, often causing travelers to feel homesick for their loved ones and sad to travel. For example, Xue Daoheng's "People Think of Returning Every Day": "When people return after the geese have fallen, their thoughts are in front of the flowers." Long before the flowers bloom, the thought of returning home arises; but when the geese have returned north, people have not yet returned home. When the poet was an official in the Northern Dynasty, he went to Nanchen as an envoy and wrote this poem about returning home, which is implicit and tactful. There are also swan geese used to refer to letters. The allusion of Hongyan sending letters comes from Su Wu. The use of Hongyan as a messenger to deliver letters is very common in poetry. For example, "When will the swan geese arrive, there will be abundant autumn water in the rivers and lakes" (Du Fu's "The End of the Day, I'm Pregnant with Li Bai") and so on.

② Swallows Swallows express the beauty of spring and convey the feeling of cherishing spring, such as "Swallows come to Xinshe, while pear blossoms lag behind Qingming"; express the beauty of love and convey the longing for the lover, such as "The fallen flower is independent, and the swift swallows fly together"; expresses current affairs The change of circumstances expresses the past prosperity and present decline, the change of personnel, and the emotion and sadness of the country and the ruin of the family, such as "There is no choice but the flowers fall away, and the swallows return as if they have known each other before." ③Apes In ancient poetry, apes often use their cries to express a sad feeling. For example, "The wind is strong and the sky is high, the apes are screaming in mourning, and the white birds are flying back from the clear sands of Zhugzhou." "It's a sad time to go back, the flowers are falling, and the apes are crying for another year." They all express the feeling of lamentation. ④Double carp Carp refers to letters. For example, "The butterflies are gone and the orioles are flying, and there is nowhere to ask. I can see the two fishes across the high building across the water." Song Wan of the Qing Dynasty wrote in "Happy Zhou Hua Cen has seen you": "I haven't seen my beloved for a long time, and I have caught a pair of carps." . For example, the poem "Mr. Chengnan Huaijin thanks for the gift of fresh food": "Thank you for the long taste of the seaweed perch, and the fragrance of the Yanshan Ouhai. I shed tears of missing my relatives in front of my eyes, and I can't bear to taste the fish if I want to try it." It has caused many people to shed homesickness. My dear, I am in tears. ⑥Cuckoo bird The cuckoo bird represents sadness, nostalgia and homesickness. According to legend, the King of Shu asked Du Yu to be Emperor Wang. Because he was forced to give up his throne to his courtiers, he lived in seclusion in the mountains and forests. After his death, his soul turned into a cuckoo. In spring, the cuckoo would crow until his mouth was full of blood. In addition, the cuckoo's cry seems to be saying: "It is better to go back, it is better to go back." It is also called Zigui, which often arouses the homesickness of wanderers. For example: "The pear blossoms and snow are so miserable that the cuckoo cries blood." "I also heard Zigui crying about the moon at night, and I am worried about the empty mountains." "I will leave the Jiangnan Road from now on and return home in the form of a cuckoo singing with blood."

⑦Autumn cicada represents nobility and sadness. The cicadas in autumn do not live long. After the autumn rain, the cicadas only have a few intermittent whining sounds. For example: "The cicadas are sad, it's late in the pavilion, and the showers are beginning to stop." "The cicadas sing on the West Road, and the guests in the south are thinking deeply."

4. Weather category ① Ice and snow are used as a metaphor for the crystallization of ice and snow. Loyalty, noble character. For example, Wang Changling's "Farewell to Xin Jian at the Furong Tower": "Relatives and friends in Luoyang are like asking each other, and a heart of ice is in a jade pot." "The heart of ice is in a jade pot" is a metaphor for the poet's upright character. ②Wind and frost: Wind and frost are used to describe the easy aging of life, the harsh social environment, the rampant evil forces, and the bumps and setbacks in life. For example, "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Lu Zhi's Biography": "Wind and frost distinguish the nature of vegetation, and crisis and chaos reveal the integrity of virtue." ③Rain The joy of rain is often associated with nourishing all things and arousing vitality. Wei Yingwu's poem "Secluded Residence": "The light rainy night comes, and I don't know the spring grass grows." This is a good sentence that people appreciate. "Light rain" is the poet's accurate description of the drizzle in early spring. The spring grass grows under the moisture of the light rain, showing the vibrant breath of spring. The poet also loves the subtle spring rain at night. The tranquility of the poet's seclusion and the joy of his mood can be seen. . ④Cloud means wandering. Such as "The wandering clouds have the feelings of a child, and the setting sun has the feelings of an old friend." ⑤Water Water is connected with the lingering threads of sorrow in ancient Chinese poetry, often conveying the sentimentality and sadness of the short life and the impermanence of fate. For example, in Liu Yuxi's "Bamboo Branch Poetry", "The mountains are covered with red flowers, and the spring water of the Shu River beats the mountain stream. The red flowers fade easily like Lang Yi, and the infinite water flow is like Nong's sorrow." 5. Other types ① Changting In ancient times, there were pavilions along the road for travelers to rest or rest. Farewell and farewell. For example, the Northern Zhou Dynasty writer Yu Xin's "Ai Jiangnan Ode": "Ten miles and five miles, there are long pavilions and short pavilions. That is to say, ten miles and one long pavilion, five miles and one short pavilion." "Long pavilion" has become an image that contains the feeling of attachment and farewell. In ancient times, farewell appears constantly in poetry. For example, in Liu Yong's "Yulin Ling", "The chilling cicadas are sad, facing the Changting Pavilion at night" and so on.

②Nanpu Nanpu is often seen in farewell poems on the southern waterways. It has become a common image in farewell poems and is similar to Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs of the River", "I fight with my son and go eastward, and send my beauty to Nanpu". A sentence has a lot to do with it. After the Southern Dynasties writer Jiang Yan wrote "Farewell Poem" ("The spring grass is green, the spring water is rippling, I see you off at Nanpu, how sad it is!"), Nanpu appeared more and more in farewell poems; it appeared in farewell poems in the Tang and Song Dynasties It is more common to get it, such as "Farewell to Nanpu is sad, the west wind curls up in autumn" in Bai Juyi's "Farewell to Nanpu" in the Tang Dynasty.

③ "Mili" "Mili" is often used to express sadness and regret for the country's current prosperity and past decline. The classic is "The Book of Songs·Wang Feng·Mu Li". It is said that after King Ping of Zhou moved east, Dr. Zhou passed by the ancient capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty and lamented that the palace and ancestral temples were destroyed and overgrown with millet, so he wrote the poem "Millet Li" to express his sorrow. Later generations used the idea of ??"millet separation" to describe the past prosperity and present decline as a sign of the sorrow of a subjugated country. For example, in Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow": "I feel sad and sigh about the past and present, because I live this song. The old man Qianyan thought it was as sad as "Millet"."

④The moon was in ancient my country In poetry, it is a common technique to use the moon to express emotions. Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poetry is synonymous with homesickness. Li Bai's "Quiet Night Thoughts": "There is bright moonlight in front of my bed, I suspect it is frost on the ground. I raise my head to look at the bright moon and lower my head to think about my hometown." What kind of feelings does this poem express? Homesickness. The moon in the poem is no longer a purely objective image, but an image imbued with the poet's emotions. Du Fu's "Moonlight Night Remembering My Brother": "The dew is white from tonight, and the moon is the brightness of my hometown." The dew is always white, but it is whiter tonight, because the feeling is tonight; the moon is unknown everywhere, but my hometown is brighter, because I remember my brother. Home. The poet uses fantasy to create reality in order to highlight his longing for his hometown. Wang Jian of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Wish for Du Langzhong on the Fifteenth Night": "Tonight, when the moon is bright, everyone looks out, and I don't know who is missing my autumn thoughts." The poem uses euphemistic questions to point out the common caring mood in the world on this night of the full moon, implicitly expressing the poet's feelings. Deeply missing my friends back home.

In addition, there are also "The bright moon rises over the sea, and the world is at this time" (Zhang Jiuling of the Tang Dynasty, "Looking at the Moon and Huaiyuan"), "If you want to ask Wujiang why you came, I look at the bright moon over the green mountains in a dream" (Tang Dynasty Wang Changling, "Drinking at the Cao House in Li Chang"), etc. Poems generally have the same sentiments.