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He informed the Indian Governor in advance that he would intentionally break the law-pick up a pinch of dry salt on the seashore. Indians are not allowed to make salt, which is a patent of the British government. He bent down to pick up a small stone-shaped piece of salt and held it high.
but no policeman showed up. Gandhi decided that more stimulus was needed, so he announced a surprising action that ignored the consequences: he and his followers raided the government salt plant in Dalashana with in the name of people. At this time, he was arrested, but 2,5 followers marched all the way to the salt factory. Four hundred police officers were waiting, beating the demonstrators with sticks. UPI reporter Miller reported: "No one raised his hand to block the stick. When the demonstrators were beaten, they just groaned or held their breath and continued to March until they fell to the ground." The terrorist incident lasted for two hours.
This day is May 21st, 193. Miller's gruesome report spread all over the world at once. The demonstration and massacre in this salt factory became a turning point in Indian history.
-This extraordinary man who is called Mahatma makes the colonial officials at a loss what to do. They called him a fanatic, a hypocrite and a mystic. Sitting in the palace, the Indian soil king and the great king thought he was an absurd demagogue. Indian politicians who are striving for autonomy think he is a deceiver. The British MP in London found this unbelievable and called him a "troublemaker riding diapers".
He traveled around crowded cities and poor and filthy villages in India and advocated a revolutionary weapon: peaceful disobedience. He read in the New Testament in his early years: "... don't fight against the wicked. If someone hits you on the right face, turn around and hit you on the left face ... " Years later, he still remembers: "These words go deep into my heart."
He went to the most difficult area in India, took a goat with him and ate goat's milk. He is a vegetarian. He addressed the mass meeting. Sometimes they sit cross-legged on the high platform without saying a word-the masses are silent and fascinated.
He has no office, no ranks, and no formal power, but he can paralyze India, because if he says one word, the masses will stop working, and the functions of offices, factories, and railways across the country will be destroyed. Thousands of his followers welcomed the arrest. After 249 days in South Africa, he spent another 2,1 days in India. He said, "Prison is for thieves. For me, prison is a sanctuary."
his unique skill is hunger strike. As Churchill said, if this "Hindu dervish who incited rebellion" starved to death, it's hard to say what would happen in India. The colonial governor of Delhi and the think tank of the British parliament can't help but worry when they think about this.
what can you do about such a person?
Two Gandhi was born in Pobanda, India in 1969, and his family belongs to the middle class ("Gandhi" means grocer). Influenced by the pacifist sects who strictly oppose violence, the Gandhi family hates killing, and doesn't even kill insects and ants.
when Gandhi was young, he took two sages in Indian mythology as models, one representing honesty and the other symbolizing sacrifice. When he was thirteen, he married a girl of the same age. Later, his family sent him to London to study law. He studied in London for three years, passed the law exam and returned to India. Soon a company asked him to go to South Africa to handle a lawsuit. At this time, a very humiliating thing happened in South Africa, which changed his life.
The company bought him a first-class ticket to Pretoria, the federal administrative capital of South Africa. When the train arrived at the first stop, Peter Marizburg, a white European walked to the compartment. As soon as the white man saw the colored man, even though his clothes were British, he angrily called the conductor and asked why he was told to sleep with the "smelly coolie" Gandhi refused to go to the luggage compartment and was expelled from the car. Gandhi said, this is "I have never been insulted in my life. My positive and non-violent actions began from this day. "
It was not long before Gandhi elaborated on nonviolence. He warned Indians in South Africa to get rid of the old hatred that divided Hindus and Muslims. He inculcated two commandments to the ignorant crowd: one is to be clean, and the other is to be absolutely honest. At the same time, Gandhi began to condemn the discriminatory laws and regulations of the South African government, such as restricting Indian travel, prohibiting strikes, and only recognizing Christian marriage as legal. It was not until 5, Indians took part in this truth power movement that the South African government finally promulgated a historic innovation bill. In 1915, twenty-two years after coming to South Africa, Gandhi left his job as a lawyer and went back to India.
At that time, India was not a country at all, but numerous kingdoms and states of princes, various religions and superstitions, complicated sects, rituals and caste systems. When their periodic blind faith fanaticism broke out, they slaughtered each other. Even today, there are 312 languages in India, of which 15 are legal, and there are about 1,4 dialects. The most striking thing is that the untouchable Dalits, numbering about 5 million, are regarded as lepers by the society. They can only do menial work, and they are not allowed to live in villages or get water and drink from public wells, nor are they allowed to enter the temples of the privileged class. When they approach, they must shout "unclean! Unclean! " Tell people to avoid it.
Gandhi returned to this kind of India-the billionaire's local king and monarch were high above him, while the docile subjects under his power died of cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis and dysentery. Gandhi said, "All India is my family."
Gandhi founded a retreat and calmly announced: Welcome Dalits! He called them "children of God".
He despised taboos so much that even his most loyal followers were frightened. His submissive wife, in shock, warned him that it would not succeed to "defile" the monastery.
For many years after that, Gandhi was attacked by orthodox Hindus, and groups of teenagers were lying on the ground to stop his car. When his car was attacked by a stone, he would get out of the car and walk straight into the angry crowd. Sometimes he was too angry and shouted, "Kill me!"! How dare you kill me? "
His retreat has grown to more than 2 people, including atheists, racists, radicals and people who advocate violence. A visitor was taken aback and asked Gandhi how he could accommodate this group of people. Gandhi replied, "I am a madhouse here, and I am the craziest one." But if anyone can't see that these people are good people, it's time to have their eyes tested. "
When the funds of this ideal retreat ran out, Gandhi said, "Let's live in the untouchable area!" I ended up there.
His followers respectfully call him "Master Gandhi." He launched a campaign to ask Indians to boycott British goods, and the passion aroused by the boycott was so high that a group of indignant demonstrators clashed with the police in the village of Chari Chara and killed 22 policemen. Gandhi, who advocated non-violence, was stunned and ordered to cancel the movement.
Gandhi's fame spread all over the world. Idealists and converts flock to worship him as the embodiment of God.
Sizhina is the leader of the Muslim League, and has long demanded that India be divided so that Muslims can have a separate motherland, namely Pakistan. Gandhi vehemently opposed partition and asserted that it would bleed. Jinnah declared "Direct Action Day" in Bangladesh on August 15th, 1946. As a result, an unprecedented riot broke out in Calcutta, and Hindus and Muslims in the city went crazy, attacking, raping and beheading each other.
Two months later, Gandhi, a 77-year-old man, left for another blood-stained city, Nukari, where Muslims were rioting like crazy. With a secretary and an interpreter, he preached the gospel of love barefoot, trying to calm the terror. He walked like this for four months, and although he achieved success in Nukari, the riots spread to other provinces like wildfire.
on August 15th, 1947, India became independent. When Hindus and Sikhs withdrew eastward from the newly established Pakistan, they clashed with Pakistani Muslims traveling westward from East Punjab. In the massacre, millions of people died. Gandhi was hit hard and announced that if he didn't stop the bloody attack, he would go on a hunger strike "to the end". Hindu, Sikh and Muslim leaders all came to Mahatma's bedside and vowed to stop the slaughter, but in September, there was another violent conflict in Delhi, and Gandhi went on a hunger strike again.
Orthodox Hinduism was furious when Mahatma called on them to love those "abominable" Muslims. A bomb exploded in the evening prayer meeting hosted by Gandhi. When the prayer meeting was held in the future, the police wanted to search the participants. Gandhi refused and told the police officer not to worry about his safety. He said, "If I have to die, I will die in the prayer meeting."
Sure enough, in 1948, he was killed on the way to a prayer meeting-the assassin was not a Muslim, but a Hindu-a fanatic who hated Gandhi's pro-Islam and his "Christian" style and blamed him for splitting India. Gandhi was shot in the chest and abdomen at close range and shouted, "Ah, true God!"
Mahatma's ashes were carefully divided into parts and sent to the provinces. Every sacred river in India spilled a little bit. Nehru, his outstanding disciple and designated heir, expressed the voices of countless people: "The light in our life has gone out and there is darkness everywhere."
Although the Five Gandhi was deeply respected by the masses and had lofty ideals, he was not a saint. He is irritable, difficult to get along with others, and refuses to cooperate with many people with the same goal, and often acts arbitrarily.
Gandhi was not kind to his family. His moral standards are so harsh that his four sons are alienated. At the age of thirty-seven, he vowed not to approach women, and ordered his two eldest sons to do the same. When the eldest son Harry Lai wanted to get married, Gandhi disapproved. Harry Lai converted to Islam, drank too much, and finally died of tuberculosis.
Gandhi did not let his son receive advanced education, nor did he let his wife receive primary education. After Gandhi made an oath not to be close to women, his wife had to live a lonely life for 42 years. Gandhi said, "There is selfishness in her pain."
However, Gandhi's eccentricity does not harm his humanitarian spirit or his superhuman courage. He launched three mass movements: against colonial rule, against racism and against religious bigotry. Einstein said: "I'm afraid it's hard for our next generation to believe that there really was such a person in the world."