Friends: Come and visit the West Lake with me by boat from Yuemiao Pier. Before sailing, let me introduce the general situation of the West Lake: the West Lake is located in the west of Hangzhou, surrounded by mountains on three sides and adjacent to the urban area in the east. It is about 3.2 kilometers long from north to south and 2.8 kilometers wide from east to west. The area around the lake is nearly 15 km, with an area of about 5.68 square kilometers, including the islands in the lake, with an average water depth of 65438+. The deepest part is about 2.8m, the shallowest part is less than 1m, and the storage capacity is between 8.5m and 8.7m cubic meters. Su Causeway and Bai Causeway divide lakes into five parts: Outer Lake, Beili Lake, Xili Lake, Moon Lake and Hu Xiaonan Lake. The West Lake is full of scenic spots. In history, Qiantang has 18 scenic spots of the West Lake, the most famous of which is the Ten West Lakes named after the Southern Song Dynasty. Mom: Su Causeway Xiao Chun Quyuan Feng and Pinghu Qiuyue Broken Bridge Canxue Huagang Watch Fish Nanping Late Bell Double Peaks Insert Clouds Leifeng Sunset Three Tanyin Moon Milking Waves Smell the connotation of every word, they are: flowers in spring, summer, autumn and winter, sunset clouds and moon willows point out that no matter spring, summer, autumn and winter, whether it is bright or dark, the scenery of the West Lake will always be there. Features are everywhere 1985, and the new West Lake won ten awards. There are more than 40 major scenic spots and more than 30 key cultural relics in the 60-square-kilometer garden scenic area centered on the West Lake. Generally speaking, the scenery of the West Lake is mainly based on one lake, two peaks, three springs, four temples, five mountains, six gardens, seven caves, eight tombs and nine streams. 165438+1October 8th. The State Council listed the West Lake in the first batch of national key scenic spots 1985, ranking third among the top ten scenic spots in China.
The West Lake is so beautiful that it certainly breeds many wonderful and moving legends. It is said that a long time ago, Yulong and Jinfeng found a piece of white jade on Fairy Island near the Milky Way. They pondered for many years, and the white jade became a dazzling pearl. Wherever this orb goes, trees are evergreen and flowers are in full bloom. The day after tomorrow, the news reached the Heavenly Palace. The Empress Dowager sent heavenly soldiers to snatch pearls from Yulong and Jinfeng, and hurried to Suozhu, which was rejected by the Empress Dowager. So you fought, and the queen mother was thrown to the ground. When her hand was released, the pearl fell to the ground and became a crystal clear West Lake. Yulong and Jinfeng also went ashore and became Yulong Mountain, namely Jade Emperor Mountain and Phoenix Mountain, which will always be guarded by the West Lake.
Just now, a friend asked why the water in the West Lake is so clear and pure. Let's start with the origin of the West Lake:1Before 2000, the West Lake was a shallow bay connected with the Qiantang River, and Wu Shan and Baoshishan, which stood in the north and south of the West Lake, were two headlands around the bay. Later, due to the influence of tides, sediment deposition separated the bay from the Qiantang River. By the Western Han Dynasty, the shape of the West Lake had been basically finalized. The West Lake was really settled in the Sui Dynasty (58 1-6 18). Geologically, this lake evolved from a shallow bay is called a lagoon. Since then, the West Lake has been scoured by mountain springs and flowing water, and experienced large-scale artificial dredging initiated by five gentlemen, including Bai Juyi, Su Dongpo, Yang and Ruan Yuan, and finally changed from a natural lake to a semi-enclosed shallow-water scenic lake with beautiful scenery.
West Lake has many names in history. From 206 BC to 220 AD, it was called Wulin Water, Jinniu Lake and Ming Sheng Lake in Han Dynasty, and Hanshi Lake and Qiantang Lake in Tang Dynasty, 6 18 -907. In addition, it was called Gaochi Lake, Sage Lake and Longchuan Ganyuan Lake from 960 to 1 127 in the Northern Song Dynasty. When Su Dongpo was a local official in Hangzhou, he wrote a poem praising the West Lake: the water is beautiful and sunny, and the mountains are empty and rainy. It is always appropriate to compare the West Lake, and the poet compares the West Lake to the ancient beauty stone in China. Therefore, the West Lake has another nickname, Xizi Lake.
West Lake is a famous scenic spot, and many Chinese and foreign celebrities have a special liking for it. Mao Zedong came to Hangzhou 40 times in his life, and the longest time was seven months. He regards Hangzhou as his second hometown. Mao Zedong often praised the beauty of the West Lake, but before his death, he never officially published a poem describing it. Great people in China like the West Lake, and international friends even linger here. Former US President Nixon came to Hangzhou twice. He said admiringly: Beijing is the capital of China and Hangzhou is the heart of this country. I still want to.
Our ship has started slowly. Let me briefly introduce the whole tour around the lake: the scenic spots around the lake include a mountain and an isolated mountain with two dikes and one mountain. There are more than 30 places of interest in the isolated mountain scenic spot. What people can enjoy by the lake is the isolated mountain such as Zhongshan Park, the external building of Xiqiao Qiujin Tomb, followed by Bai Causeway, starting from the autumn moon in Pinghu, and finally the broken bridge, behind which famous gems flow.
Now the ship sails from west to east, and what you see is the scenery of Gushan, with Xiqiao Bridge in the west and Bai Causeway in the east, with an altitude of 35 meters and an area of 200,000 square meters. The scenery of Gushan Mountain was famous in the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Zong once built a large-scale West Taiyi Palace here, and most of Gushan Mountain was classified as a royal garden. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty built a palace here, and Yong Zhengdi changed it into a shrine. Zhaoqing Temple in Jingci Temple, Lingyin Temple at that time, was also called the Four Jungles of West Lake. ""Maybe some friends will ask: Since Gushan is the largest island in the West Lake, why should it be named Gushan? This is because this mountain has a particularly beautiful scenery in history and has always been called the land of solitary emperors, so it is called an isolated mountain. Geologically speaking, the lonely mountain is composed of rhyolite erupted by volcano, and the whole bird is connected with the land, so the lonely mountain is not isolated, with a broken bridge and long.
Let's look at the stone arch bridge with a round hole in front, which is located in the west of Gushan and called Xiling Bridge. Together with the long broken bridge, it is called the three love bridges of the ancient West Lake.
After crossing Xiqiao Bridge, there is a white marble statue among the green trees in the back of Gushan Mountain. I saw the heroine's left hand rested on her hips, her right hand pressed her sword, her eyes were bright and her head held high, as if she were pursuing the truth of the revolution. Who is she? She is a pioneer of women's liberation movement in China. The statue of heroine Qiu Jin who died heroically to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and strive for national independence is 2.7 meters high and the tomb is 2 meters high. The stone tablet in front of us should be a statue of Qiu Jin martyr, with four characters of heroine written by Sun Yat-sen, which gives us an inspiration: the West Lake is not only famous for its mountains and rivers, but also brilliant for many historical figures. In the West Lake Scenic Area, Yue Fei, known as the three outstanding men on the lake, was buried in Cangshui, and Xu Xilin and Tao, modern revolutionaries who devoted themselves to rejuvenating China together with Qiu Jin, were buried in the West Lake.
Our ship continued to sail slowly eastward. You can see a white wall in front, and the courtyard is on the right side of the famous Xiling Printing Society. This Chinese-Western building is a century-old building, which was built in 1848. The name of the store is taken from a famous sentence written by Lin Sheng, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The building is convenient for people at the right time, and has received many famous dishes from Chinese and foreign celebrities, such as West Lake vinegar fish. It is a kind of vinegar fish from the West Lake. It is made by selecting grass carp cultured in the West Lake, starving in clear water for a day or two, removing the earthy smell and then cooking. Bright red color, tender meat, sweet and sour taste, and a little crab flavor. It is the most representative famous dish in Hangzhou.
Now the ship has sailed to Zhongshan Park, and the main entrance of Gushan is here. The mountain is not high, but the fairy is famous. Gushan Mountain is not only a famous scenic mountain, but also a famous cultural mountain. The reason why Gushan is so important in the West Lake Scenic Area is that it contains rich historical and cultural connotations. There is a famous West Lake landscape in the scenic spot, and we also commemorate the crane pavilion of Lin Hejing, a hermit in the Northern Song Dynasty. After landing, we will visit these scenic spots.
Next to Zhongshan Park, this group of buildings we see is the newly-built Zhejiang Museum, which displays Hemudu culture as early as 7,000 years ago, down to more than 700 pieces of cultural relics in modern times. The ancient building behind the museum is the Wen Lan Pavilion of the Royal Library of Qing Dynasty, which is one of the seven bookshelves built by China for the collection of Siku Quanshu.
Please look at the overhanging pavilion on the cement platform on the lake in front of us. This building was built in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, and it is named Autumn Moon in Pinghu. It is the starting point of Bai Causeway and one of the three scenic spots to enjoy the moon. Historically, there are three places where Hangzhou people enjoy the Moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival: Santan Yin Yue, one of the three islands in the lake, should be the Moon Rock Scenic Area on the slope of Phoenix Mountain. As for the shore, it is Pinghu autumn moon, white and clear.
Now, you can see that the sightseeing long beach between willows and peaches in front is Bai Causeway. When our ship sails here, the most beautiful scenery of the West Lake is presented to you. On both sides of the dike, there are rows of willows and peach blossoms, especially in the play, the willow line is full of green peach trees, and the scenery is pink and green. Tourists come here as if they were in a fairyland. Bai Causeway, formerly known as Baishadi, was famous for its beautiful scenery as early as 1000 years ago in the Tang Dynasty. Although it is not in the same direction as the Bai Causeway built by Baiju, the people of Hangzhou pay tribute to the old mayor who has made outstanding contributions to Hangzhou. It is still named Bai Causeway. Su Causeway, built under the auspices of Su Dongpo, is like two golden ribbons in the lake, colorful. Let's take another look. The bridge in the middle of Bai Causeway is called Jindai Bridge. It used to be a wooden bridge, but now it is renamed as a stone arch bridge. At the end of Bai Causeway, the bridge is broken, and the Bai Causeway with a total length of 1 km is broken.
The name of Broken Bridge was first taken from the Tang Dynasty, called Hu Baoqiao in the Song Dynasty and Duan Jiazhi in the Yuan Dynasty. It used to be an ancient stone bridge covered with moss. Although the bridge we see now is a common stone arch bridge, its name is associated with the story of the white snake, so it has become the most famous bridge in the West Lake.
At this point, I saw a friend who had been watching carefully. Maybe you will ask right away: the bridge is not broken at all. Why is it called broken bridge? Let me answer this question. Broken bridge is one of the top ten scenic spots in West Lake. Because it is located at the dividing point between Beili Lake and Waihu Lake, it is the best place to watch the snow scene of West Lake in winter. Whenever it snows in Chuqing, the sunny side of the bridge melts. However, the dark side of the bridge is still covered with snow. Seen from a distance, this bridge looks like a broken bridge, hence its name. Moreover, the broken bridge is the end of Bai Causeway. Bai Causeway from Qiuyue Pinghu stopped here. Maybe everyone has understood that it turned out that the dike was broken.
Let's look at the mountain behind the broken bridge, which is called Baoshi Mountain. The rock of this mountain is 78 meters above sea level, which is different from that of the West Lake. It is mainly composed of rhyolite and tuff in igneous rocks. Among them, there is a kind of gem called Jasper, which is embedded in purple limestone and shines brightly under the sunlight. This is the origin of the name Baoshishan. The beautiful and tall towers on the mountain, the famous M Tower of Zhongbao and the M Tower of Baobao, were first built as nine-level pagodas. Now 1933 is rebuilt. This is a solid building. Its tower body is octagonal, 45.3 meters high, symmetrical up and down, with soft and beautiful lines. Among the towers on the lake, Baum Tower has the most beautiful appearance and elegant posture. There is also a Leifeng Pagoda in history corresponding to Baum Pagoda. In the landscape layout of the West Lake, it is located on the same central axis. Before the collapse of Leifeng Pagoda, there once appeared a slender and handsome twin towers on the West Lake, facing north and south, with one lake reflecting the twin towers. So the folk have the saying that Lei Feng is like an old woman and Bao M is like a beautiful woman, which shows the different charms of Leifeng Tower and Bao M Tower.
Dear friends, the scenery by the West Lake ends here. Next, we will visit the three islands in the lake.
First, let's look at the largest island in the West Lake, Santan silver moon, also called Zhou Xiaoying. This is an island in the lake, with a total area of 70,000 square meters, of which the water surface accounts for 60% of the total area of the island. It is connected with Liu Di in the east and west, and there is a curved bridge in the north and south. On both sides of the curved bridge, a lot of red and white water lilies are planted. In addition, Santan Qian Yue is famous for planting water shield of West Lake in history.
Please come with me to visit this island. Santan Island in Yin Yue was built in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty 1607. Its essence lies in the three stone pagodas in the south of the island. Please see: the three towers stand upright on the lake, 2 meters high, with a spherical body and five small round holes. The top of the tower is gourd-shaped, and its shape is beautiful every moonlit night, especially the Mid-Autumn Festival. Cover your mouth with a tissue, and the candlelight will come through. At this time, the tower shadow and the moon shadow are integrated, and candlelight, moonlight and lake light complement each other. In the refraction of light, the lights of the three towers are projected on the water surface through 15 round holes, and there are 30 moons in total. Together with 1 in a water in the sky, the lake can reflect 32 small moons, showing a moon in the sky, and the shadow in the lake becomes three beauties.
Then let's look at the pavilion with cornices and corners in the lake. It's called Hu Xinting. It is the largest pavilion in the West Lake and the earliest of the three islands in the West Lake. Founded in the thirty-first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty 1552. It is one of the ten scenic spots in Qiantang with a history of 440 years. Standing in Hu Xinting, you can have a panoramic view of the West Lake, and the scenery of the West Lake is unobstructed.
The island in the northwest of Huxinting, called Ruan Gongdun, is the smallest of the three islands in the West Lake, with an area of only 556 1 square meter. It was built in 1800 during Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. Ruan Yuan, governor of Zhejiang Province, used the silt accumulated after the dredging of the West Lake to fish in Ruandundun, which has become a good place for Hangzhou citizens to spend their holidays and relax. Ruandun Night Tour is a special tourism project of West Lake in summer, which is open to tourists from all over the world.
After visiting the three islands in the lake, our ship has sailed to Su Causeway, which is about to dock. Please see: The 2.8-kilometer-long embankment in front of the lake crosses the West Lake from south to weak. There are six stone arch bridges on the Su Causeway embankment, and there are peach and willow hibiscus planted in Dongpu, which reflects the waves and locks the mountains, forming the scenery of the West Lake. When Su Causeway is mentioned, people will naturally think of Su Dongpo, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Dongpo served as a local official in Hangzhou for the second time. He organized 200,000 migrant workers to dredge the West Lake, and then built this long dike from the foot of Nanping Mountain to the foot of Qixia Mountain. In order to commemorate his achievements, later generations named Su Causeway as the southern end of the present levee to build Su Dongpo Memorial Hall for people to visit and remember Su Dongpo's achievements.
Dear friends, people often compare West Lake in Hangzhou and Lemmon Lake in Geneva, Switzerland to two famous pearls in the world. It is precisely because of the West Lake that Italian Kelpolo regards Hangzhou, the most beautiful and luxurious city in the world, as a famous scenic spot and has received countless heads of state from all over the world. Therefore, the West Lake is not only the pearl of Hangzhou, but also the pearl of the East and the pearl of the world.
When I think of Jiangnan, the most unforgettable thing is to go to Hangzhou Mountain Temple to find Guizi in the middle of the month, and watch the tide on the pillow of the county pavilion when I revisit it. This is Bai Juyi's unforgettable swan song to celebrate the West Lake for future generations. Dear friends, do you feel the same way when our trip to the West Lake is coming to an end? I hope we can meet again, we can appreciate Guizi again, and watch the tide on Qiantang River again, so that the mountains and rivers of West Lake will always have your beautiful memories.