Information on the Yellow River
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, next to the Yangtze River. Its main stream is 5,464 kilometers long, and it flows through nine provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Suiyuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong in a zigzag shape, and flows eastward into the Bohai Sea, where more than 3 main tributaries and countless streams gather along the way, with a drainage area of 75,. The middle reaches flow through the vast loess plateau, and many tributaries carry a lot of sediment into it, which is the river with the largest sediment concentration in the world. The river is yellow, hence its name.
The Yellow River originates from the Zhanzonglie Canal at the northern foot of bayan har, Qinghai, with an altitude of more than 5,4 meters, and the surrounding mountains are covered with snow all year round. There is a sea of stars in the headwaters of the Yellow River, which is a swamp of countless small lakes. After leaving the Starry Sea, it entered Eling Lake and Zaling Lake to Maduo, bypassed Jishi Mountain and Xiqing Mountain, and crossed Longyangxia to Guide, Qinghai, with a length of more than 1,9 kilometers. The upstream section from Guide to Hekou Town, Suiyuan Province, is more than 1,5 kilometers long. The Yellow River is in Gansu, passing through many grand canyons and gathering many tributaries. The middle reaches from Hekou Town to Yujin, Henan Province are more than 1,1 kilometers long. The river flows southward, running through the Loess Plateau, carrying a lot of sediment, and surges down to Hukou, where the terrain is steep, forming Hukou Waterfall, and then flows through Longmen Gorge to Tongguan, where the river channel is widened, and the water volume is greatly increased due to the confluence of Fenqin, Luohe and Xiaoshui tributaries. The river was blocked by Huashan Mountain when it reached Tongguan, and it turned eastward, crossing Sanmenxia to Yuluo, and then entered the plain area. The downstream section flows into the Bohai Sea from Mengjin to Lijin County, Shandong Province, with a length of more than 87 kilometers. Due to sediment deposition, the water flow is slow, and levees are built on both sides, making it an "overground river" above the ground.
The source and upstream sections of the Yellow River are the most tortuous, followed by the middle section, while the downstream section is straight. From Lanzhou to Tongguan, the river flows around three sides of a rectangle, which is the famous Hetao, about 2 kilometers long. In ancient times, the lower reaches of the river drifted, and sometimes the river flowed into the Bohai Sea in the north of Shandong hills, and sometimes it seized the Huai River in the south of Shandong hills and flowed into the Yellow Sea, with a distance of 5 kilometers.
In history, the Yellow River Liucheng was often flooded with disasters. According to records, over the past 2, years, the lower reaches of the Yellow River have broken its banks more than 1,5 times, and there have been 26 large-scale diversions. The flood area reaches Tianjin in the north and Jiangsu and Anhui in the south, reaching 25, square kilometers. The total amount of sediment carried downstream by river water exceeds 1.6 billion metric tons every year on average. Due to the low terrain in the downstream section, the river slope is gentle, and the flow velocity is reduced, a large amount of sediment is deposited on the river bed, with an average of more than 4 million metric tons per year, and the rest of the sediment flows to the estuary, alluvial into the estuary delta extending to the sea, with an average annual land reclamation of more than 2 square kilometers. The Yellow River basin is rich in fertile soil, rich in products and magnificent mountains and rivers. Residents account for almost a quarter of the total population of China, while cultivated land accounts for about 4% of the country.
Folklore related to the Yellow River:
Legend has it that a long time ago, the ancient Yellow River was a wild horse that was difficult to tame. It ran at will, like a monster with a grin, roaring day and night, and devouring thousands of fertile fields. Biting thousands of mountains, the Hui people on both sides of the Yellow River can only live a slash-and-burn life at the top of the mountain and at the bottom of the ditch.
At that time, Ningxia was not a plain on the Ma Pingchuan, but with overlapping green hills and ravines. There was no flat field and no field that could be irrigated with Yellow River water.
According to legend, there are several Hui and Han families living on Niushou Mountain. They carry water at the bottom of the mountain and farm on the top of the mountain for generations. The old and the young are busy, but they don't have enough to eat and don't wear warm clothes. For a long time, no one can stand this torture. One year, an old Huihui, who was over 7 years old, named Erde, opened a melon orchard on the mountain and planted some cucumbers. He gets up early every day and goes to the Yellow River to fetch water to water cucumbers. His shoulders are swollen and his feet are skinned. He carefully nurtures cucumbers, and the yellow looks tender and sweet.
On this day, the old man Gerd was tired and fell asleep at the door of the vegetable garden.
As soon as he fell asleep, he dreamed that a white cloud floated in the sky. Gradually, the white cloud turned into an imam with a white beard, shaking his silver beard, and said to Elder Gerd, "There are two strong winds today, so you should pay attention. At noon, there is a yellow wind, which can wither cucumbers; There is a black wind in the afternoon, which can make the cucumber pedicel fall. No matter how windy it is, don't pick the cucumber. When the old man woke up, he saw that the white-bearded imam was gone, but he saw that the yellow wind was overwhelming in the north and suddenly blew to Niushou Mountain. The old man looked at the cucumbers carefully, and sure enough, they faded one by one. He was very sad. A year's hard work was in vain, but he didn't move when he thought of the white-bearded imam. In the afternoon, a black wind blew, making the mountains shake and the leaves fall layer after layer. When the old man saw that the cucumber was about to fall to the ground, he was so angry that he picked a small cucumber and threw it into the Yellow River. The Yellow River immediately broke a line. As if a fairy had cut it with a knife, he clearly saw the bottom of the river. When the old man Gerd swooped down, the river suddenly merged again. Tired and hungry, the old man sat on the river bank, blinked, and the golden flowers danced wildly, and he didn't know anything. At this time, the old man in Erde heard the white-bearded imam say, "This cucumber is the key to conquer the Yellow River. It can stop the Yellow River from flowing, or it can make the Yellow River listen to people's words. But now the Yellow River is called Yellow Wind and Black Wind, and these two Iberians are suffering. You can't be impatient, be patient and work harder. Next year, you plant another garden of cucumbers. When the cucumbers are ripe, you pick the biggest one and throw it into the Yellow River. At that time, when you walked into the cave at the bottom of the river, you picked the jewels, took the seeds of grain, and had a sword to slay dragons and demons and tame the Yellow River. Wherever you point, the Yellow River water will flow. "
The next year, the industrious old man Gerd planted another garden of cucumbers. He was not afraid of the long distance, and he did not hesitate to sweat and carry water from the Yellow River to water the melons. Hard work pays off, and finally, a three-foot cucumber grows in the garden, which looks like a key. The old man happily slept in the melon garden day and night until the melon was ripe.
on this day, the weather was so clear that there were no clouds. Old man Wilder picked the three-foot-long cucumber, read "Taismi" and threw it into the Yellow River. At this time, I only heard the roar of the Yellow River, and I cracked a long crack. All the stones at the bottom of the river were clearly seen. When the old man went down to the bottom of the river, he saw a hole near the river bank, where pearls and agates were everywhere. The old man took some, and when he just left, he heard a storm roar. At one time, the waves rolled on the river, and the waves were higher and higher. The old man, Gerd, picked up his sword and slashed dozens of swords at the left and right sides of the black whirlwind and the yellow whirlwind. After a while, the black wind and the yellow wind blew out of the sky.
At this time, the fault of the Yellow River gradually closed. The old man in Erde remembered the command of the white-bearded imam that this sword could conquer the Yellow River. His heart was clear and he thought: I want to make the Yellow River fill the ditches and level the mountains and ridges. Holding two swords, the old man slammed into the Yellow River, and the water in the Yellow River stopped flowing at once, as if a Great Wall had been blocked in front, but it was rising steadily, which was really scary from a distance. Three days later, there was water everywhere from Liupan Mountain in the south to Helan Mountain in the west, leaving only a few mountain tips. Only then did the old man, Gerd, draw his sword and tell the Yellow River to flow forward.
Since then, Ningxia, which is deep in the mountains and valleys, has become a Ma Pingchuan. The Hui and Han people living on both sides of the Yellow River, relying on their hard-working hands, have dug canals and cultivated fields and lived a happy life.
Myths and legends:
Dayu had three treasures when managing the Yellow River. One was the river map; The second is the mountain axe; The third is to avoid water sword. Legend has it that the river map was given to Dayu by Hebo, the water god of the Yellow River.
In ancient times, there was a man named Feng Yi in Tongyong Township, Huayin. He was worried about farming and wanted to become an immortal. He heard that people can become immortals by drinking the juice of daffodils for one hundred days. So I looked for daffodils everywhere.
Before Dayu harnessed the Yellow River, the Yellow River flowed to the Central Plains, where there was no fixed channel, and it overflowed everywhere, often causing disasters. There are seven strands and eight roads on the ground, and all the ditches and branches are the Yellow River water. Feng Yi ran around looking for daffodils, and often crossed, crossed and dealt with the Yellow River. Ninety-nine days passed in a blink of an eye, and then I found a daffodil and sucked the juice of the daffodil for a day, so I could become an immortal. Feng Yi was very proud and went across the Yellow River to find daffodils in a small village. The water here is not deep. Feng Yi waded across the river and reached the middle of the river. Suddenly, the river rose. He panicked, slipped, fell in the Yellow River and was drowned alive.
After Feng Yi's death, she was full of grievances and resentments. She hated the Yellow River with her teeth gnashing, and went to the Jade Emperor to tell him about it. The Jade Emperor was also annoyed when he heard that the Yellow River was undisciplined and ran wild everywhere, endangering the people. He saw that Feng Yi had been sucking the juice of daffodils for ninety-nine days, and it was time to become an immortal, so he asked Feng Yi if he would like to be the water god of the Yellow River and govern the Yellow River. Feng Yi was overjoyed. Full of promises. Now I can fulfill my wish to become an immortal, and secondly I can avenge my drowning.
Feng Yi became the water god of the Yellow River and was called Hebo. He has never been involved in water control, and he suddenly took on the responsibility of managing the Yellow River, helpless and worried. What shall we do? I have no magic weapon, so I have to go to the Jade Emperor for advice. The Jade Emperor told him that to manage the Yellow River well, we must first find out the water conditions of the Yellow River and draw a river map. Based on the river map of the Yellow River, it will be much easier to manage the Yellow River.
Hebo was bent on drawing a river map according to the jade emperor's instructions. He first went to his hometown and wanted to ask the villagers for help. The villagers all hate his idleness and hate his work, and no one answers him. He found the old man in the village and told his great ambition to govern the Yellow River. When the old man saw that he was now an immortal and wanted to do something good for the people, he promised to help him. From then on, Hebo and the later old man came and went in the rain, wading through mountains and rivers to see the water regime of the Yellow River. After two people running for several years, the old man was tired. After the old man only went back, the rest of Hebo continued to check the water situation along the Yellow River. When we broke up, the old man repeatedly told Hebo that the director should go all the way, and not give up halfway. After drawing a good picture, he began to manage the Yellow River, and there was not enough manpower. He persuaded the villagers to help.
it's a hard job to check the water regime and draw a river map. By the time Hebo finished drawing the river map, he was old and weak. Hebo looked at the river map, where the Yellow River is deep and shallow; Where it is easy to burst, where it is easy to burst; Where to dig and where to block; Where water can be cut off and where flood can be discharged, it is clearly drawn. I can only sigh that I have no strength to manage the Yellow River according to the map, which is very sad. Hebo thought that one day there would be talented people to manage the Yellow River. At that time, it would be worthwhile to give him the river map.
Hebo spent his old age under the Yellow River and never showed up again. Unexpectedly, the Yellow River has been flooded repeatedly. The people knew that the Jade Emperor had sent Hebo to control water, but they didn't see him. They all scolded Hebo for not doing his duty, regardless of people's lives.
The old man looked forward to Hebo every day in his hospital bed, but he didn't see him for years. He is not at ease about harnessing the Yellow River, and wants to find Hebo. His son's name is Yi, and he shoots every shot. No matter what the old man said, Yi wouldn't let him go to Hebo. Later, the old man didn't listen to his son's dissuasion. As a result, he met a breach in the Yellow River, was washed away and drowned, and even the body was not found. Hou Yi hated Hebo so much that he gritted his teeth and said that he would shoot Hebo sooner or later.
Later, when Dayu came out to control water, Hebo decided to give him the map of the Yellow River.
On this day, Hebo heard that Dayu came to the Yellow River with an axe and a water-dodging sword, so he came out from the bottom with a river map to look for Dayu. Hebo and Dayu have never met, and neither of them knows the other. Hebo walked for a long time, so tired that he wanted to have a rest. He saw a young man walking across the river. This young man is heroic, and he must be Dayu. Hebo shouted and asked, "Hey, who are you?"
The young man on the other side is not Dayu, but Hou Yi. He looked up, and on the other side of the river, a sage-like old man was shouting and asked, "Who are you?"
Hebo said loudly, "I'm Hebo. Are you Dayu? "
When Hou Yi heard that it was Hebo, he suddenly became angry and sneered, saying, "I am Dayu." Said the bow and arrow, don't ask, don't indiscriminate, "sou" an arrow, hit Hebo's left eye. Hebo pulled an arrow over his eyes, and he was sweating with pain. He cursed in his heart: "Damn Dayu, how unreasonable!" The more he thought about it, the more angry he became, and he tore up the water map. Just then, there came a loud shout: "Hebo! Don't tear the picture. " Hebo reluctantly looked with his right eye, and a man wearing a hat on the other side stopped Hou Yi. This man is Dayu. He knows that Hebo drew a picture of the Yellow River and is going to ask Hebo for advice. Hou Yi pushed Dayu away, and tried to draw an arrow and bow. Dayu grabbed him intensely and told Hebo about the hardships of drawing, and Hou Yi regretted his recklessness and shot Hebo in the left eye.
Hou Yi crossed the river with Dayu. Hou Yi admitted his mistake to Hebo. Hebo knew that Hou Yi was the son of the old man, and didn't blame him much. Dayu said to Hebo, "I'm Dayu, and I've come to ask you for advice on how to manage the Yellow River."
Hebo said, "My heart and blood and river management methods are all on this picture. Now I will give them to you."
when you look at Dayu's exhibition map, you can see that it is densely packed and circled, which clearly depicts the water regime of the Yellow River up and down, left and right. Dayu is extremely happy. He would like to thank Hebo. When he looked up, Hebo jumped into the Yellow River and disappeared.
Dayu got the hydrological map of the Yellow River, and stayed around the clock. According to the directions on the map, he finally managed to control the Yellow River.
for your reference, I wish you happiness.