[stage]

"phase" includes two meanings: one refers to life phase, and the other refers to fortune telling. The ancients believed that "people are born in heaven, and diseases are in the body." In other words, all the external appearances of mortals contain deep meanings related to different destinies. Therefore, as long as we grasp the law, we can also detect the news of fate. "Historical Records of the Duke of Jiang and Zhou Bo's Family" contains: When Zhou Yafu was the prefect of Henan, the fortuneteller Xu Fu saw his face and said, "Three years of marquis, nine years of starvation." Zhou Yafu didn't believe it, and said, "Since we are closed, how can we starve to death?" Chui fook pointed to his mouth and said, "You have two lines on your mouth. This is fate, so you will suffer this. " Zhou Yafu really starved to death after prison. The basis used by Xu Fu to decide Zhou Yafu's fate is the "appearance" of his body, which is the physiognomy mentioned in physiognomy. According to the way of existence, life stages can be divided into bone phase, face phase and equal hue. According to the attributes of life, it can be divided into happiness, longevity, poverty and equality. Since we are convinced that the external appearance contains the news of human destiny, it is natural that someone will interpret this destiny code. As a result, there is a social activity of visiting fortune-teller. Look at the fortune teller. In the past, it was called "Feng Jian". As a kind of numerology, it is relatively simple at first. Sixteen Records of physiognomy written by Xu Yin in the early Han Dynasty only regarded the characteristics and movement of fourteen parts of the human body as the basis for judging the life, and each item was independent of each other. Through long-term historical development, fortune tellers no longer simply regard the general difference of a certain part of a person as a symbol of fate, but treat it as a collection of exquisite levels and rich contents through induction and classification. For example, the life span of ears can be divided into more than 20 kinds, and the face is subdivided into 100 parts. At the same time, inferring the fate of a certain part in isolation from the past, we regard all parts of human body as an organic whole, and infer the fate prospect of human beings according to the relationship between the parts. The content of talking about life has also developed from the initial simple life and nobility to people's official career, occupation, salary, illness, children, marriage and family. And it covers almost all the life contents of life. Later, in the development, the theory of color was integrated with the life span of various parts of the body, and the general fate was determined by the characteristics of each part, while the color determined the specific changes of good or bad luck in a certain time and space, thus forming a relatively stable and endless fortune-telling method.

[Xiang Xue]

Also known as anthroposophy. Folklore is a knowledge of judging people's temperament and destiny by observing and analyzing their appearance, spiritual temperament, manners and modality. It is believed that phase is the expression of fate, and human phase must reflect fate. Xiangxue has a long history in China. The earliest date can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period in the 7th century BC. "Zuo A D" contains: During a funeral, Gong Sun 'ao heard that Uncle Nai, who was sent by Zhou to attend the funeral, was coming to visit relatives, so he asked his two sons to meet each other. Fu Shu said to Sun Ao, "Gu can sacrifice and support you, but it is difficult to bury you." The valley is full of jaws, and his son Sun Bixing is in Lu. Historical books such as Historical Records and Wu Yue Chun Qiu also recorded the activities of early physiognomists such as Gu Buziqing and Wu. It was not until the Warring States period that fortune tellers became popular. "Sacrifice to Confucius" contains: Wei Anyi asked whether it was appropriate to worship horseback. Junko replied, "Pigs with long eyes think people are deceptive. "After the horse was returned to the other party, he was finally convicted of flattery. At this time, fortune-telling has been popular, but it is mainly paid attention to as a means of participating in politics, and professional fortune tellers and strict fortune-telling theories have not yet appeared. In Han dynasty, physiognomy developed rapidly. Only the deeds of Liu Bang's family visiting fortune-teller are recorded in various details in Historical Records. Those who made a fortune in the Han Dynasty, such as prime ministers Zhou Yafu, Hou Changping, Wu, Huai Nan Bu, general Li Guang, and Ni Xian, an ancient scholar, all had life stories handed down from generation to generation. According to the Records of the Later Han Dynasty, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, even the choice of imperial concubines and women had to be read by a fortuneteller. With the widespread popularity of fortune-telling customs, the theoretical system of fortune-telling has been initially established. The History of Han Art and Literature contains 24 volumes of Ren Xiang. According to Records of Huaiqing Prefecture, only Xu Fu, a famous fortuneteller at that time, wrote various photo albums, such as Song of Virtue, Miscellaneous Notes of Five Palaces, Listening to Music, etc. After the Han Dynasty, visiting Li Tang became an important social occupation, with more than 30 kinds of picture books and 130 volumes. Since then, in the Song and Ming Dynasties, the trend of visiting fortune-teller has reached its peak. Many physiognomists have become dignitaries, many intellectuals and elites have studied the theory of physiognomy with great interest, and a large number of books on physiognomy have flooded bookstores. After the Ming dynasty, physiognomy gradually flowed to the people and became a means for Jianghu magicians to collect money and support their families. Since then, there have been few new developments in both physiognomy theory and physiognomy skills. Ancient famous physiognomists, such as Gu Buziqing in the Spring and Autumn Period, Tang Ju in the late Warring States Period, Xu Fu in the Han Dynasty, Yuan Tiangang and Li in the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Zhongwei in the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, are all famous. Its social influence is not inferior to that of contemporary dignitaries and scholars. There are countless books on ancient physiognomy, but most of them are copied from each other. There are Ma Xiang, Liu Zhuang Xiang Fa, Shen Xiang Quan Bian, Shui Jing Ji and Li Xiang Heng Zhen which are self-contained and practical. Among them, Ma Xiang, a warlock in the Five Dynasties, is the most widely circulated, and Shen Xiangquan, a warlock in the Song Dynasty, is the most complete one.

[Feng Jian]

Original meaning refers to people's manners and knowledge. "Book of Jin" (Volume 54) and "Lu Chuan" say: "Lu Ji and Er Ren were really talented, bright in outlook, handsome in appearance and magnificent in style, which was unique at that time." In physiognomy, it refers to judging people by their appearances, which is another name for physiognomy. Song Yu-Hou's Blue Box Miscellaneous Notes (Volume 4): "It is an urgent need for the sages to know people and promote talents, not the trend of market fortune telling." Therefore, in the Spring and Autumn Annals, people who only assist the public and become followers of the public, whenever they meet, always look at their reputation first to save good or ill luck ... Most people are full of pride and resourcefulness, and can even be said to be rich and blessed with ten pairs. There is also a record of "Xi Zhi people who are good at wind" in the Records of Ruizhou Prefecture: "Wang Wu Ben, an unknown official of Haizhou, said that the magistrate of Yunzhou heard that there was a Xi Zhi person who was good at wind, so he called guests and let them see it all over. Cao Liyong sat while he was being examined. It is extremely expensive to use after use. Everyone laughed. Continue to answer this question:' When was the first time?' He said, "You must check the entrances of two houses." All the guests said,' Nothing.' Later, it was used to make the Khitan active. With the help of the Yan people, he sat in the seat of the Tang Dynasty for ten years. The business was suitable for the first time and his words were kept. "

[interpersonal relationship]

The original meaning is the relationship between people, the order of generations. Physiognomy refers to judging characters, and also refers to the technique of judging good or bad according to people's appearance. "Blue Box Miscellanies" said: "In the past, people said that being an official was three things. They didn't read photo albums and knew their own nobles, so they read more." Our courtiers, Lu Wenjing, Xia Wenzhuang, Yang Danian and Ma Shangshu, were enlightened by others, so there was nothing wrong with their rewards and punishments, and their appointments were also very successful. "This kind of speech is called" ethics "and" judging people by crystals ". Zhang Xingjian, a scholar in A Jin, has a book about physiognomy, The Great Unity and Human Relations Fu, which has been handed down to this day. He is talking about human relations, that is, physiognomy. " Biography of Ji Fang in Old Tang Dynasty: "When Prince Zhan and Lu Qiqing were young, they wanted to ask about human relations." Qixian's Old News of Luoyang Wu Shen Biography of the King of Qi: "(Zhuge) treats people very well and sees the appearance of the king. "Ethics mentioned in the Second Code is another name of physiognomy.

[fortune teller]

A magician who looks at people's faces is also called physiognomy or physiognomy. Zuo gongyuan: "the king sent his uncle's in-house attendants to the funeral, and the public heard about him and saw his second son." It can be seen that there have been good people in the Spring and Autumn Period. The original fortuneteller was mainly a member of the state organization, who served the court with their unique professional knowledge. Since then, with the increase of people who believe in fate, fortune-telling has developed into a specialized industry. "The Biography of Empress Ji in the Later Han Dynasty": "Send China doctors, prime ministers and other workers to Luo Yang township to see the beautiful diners who are over thirteen and under twenty." It can be seen that there were professional physiognomists in the Han Dynasty. After the Han dynasty, fortune tellers mostly came from literati, Confucian scholars or monks and Taoists, and still mainly served the court. Most of them enjoy a high social status. According to historical records, the son of a law-abiding hero in the Han Dynasty was called to Beijing because he was proficient in physiognomy and specially selected talents for the imperial court. Xu Fu, a fortuneteller, was also named as the empress of Ming Dynasty by Liu Bang. Yuan Tiangang, a physiognomist in the Tang Dynasty, was summoned by Emperor Taizong for many times, and Li, who is famous for his physiognomy, was also given a letter. Chen Bo in the Song Dynasty and the Founding Fathers in the Ming Dynasty were both famous for their kindness. Since I knew it, Xiang Xuehai has become a means for charlatans to collect money and support their families, and has been gradually despised by scholars, and the social status of Xiang Shu has plummeted. In ancient China, among princes, scholars and even businessmen, many people liked to watch and talk about their lives, and some of them had works handed down from generation to generation. Broadly speaking, these people can also be included in fortune tellers and the like.

[phase method]

The method of fortune telling. A fortune teller must know a certain theory of fortune telling, especially a set of fortune telling methods, in order to become a professional. There are many names of physiognomy in ancient and modern times, which can be divided into general physiognomy and special physiognomy according to the different principles of physiognomy. The general phase method takes the external characteristics of the subject, such as appearance, color, modality and behavior, as the observation object, and infers the fate of the individual. Among them, it can be divided into physiognomy, physiognomy, physiognomy, physiognomy, physiognomy, physiognomy and physiognomy, among which physiognomy is the most complicated. Because there are many schools of physiognomy, and each school has different theories, there are also many theories about human facial structure and the life span of facial organs. There are five stars, six whores, five senses and five elements, six hospitals and three stops, twelve palaces and five senses, thirteen departments and so on. Special phase methods mainly include node phase method, Taisu pulse phase method, three-phase method, smell phase method and phase protection phase method. Acupoint ligation is based on the principle of geomantic omen. Taisu pulse method explains the life phase of human body by pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine; The three-phase law infers past lives and predicts future generations according to people's current life scenes; The method of smelling sounds can be used to judge whether it is good or bad according to people's voice or the instruments used; The principle of respecting each other as guests determines a person's fate by examining his mind, good and evil, and personality. According to the portal school, phase method can also be divided into hemp phase method, Liu Zhuang phase method and water mirror phase method. Among them, flax phase method is the most widely spread. According to legend, this method was created by a monk named Ma in the early Song Dynasty, and was handed down from generation to generation by the book Ma Xiang. At present, folk warlocks are mostly based on this method.

[Taisu pulse impulse method]

Chinese medicine predicts people's wealth, inferiority and fortune-telling by taking the pulse. The first and second volumes of The Secret of Taisu Pulse do not have the author's name, but are called by the immortal in the original sequence. There are different opinions about the origin of this book, which is difficult to verify. One is that Zhang, a native of Qingcheng Mountain, was secretly sent by Dong Wei, a hermit. A woodcutter got this book in Kongtong Mountain in the Tang Dynasty. It is said that monks in the Song and Sui Dynasties were born with this ability. During the Jiayu period, they were called to teach people in Beijing and were later compiled into books by their disciples. According to Zhang Kuo Biography, Zhang Kuo was good at medical skills when he was young. One day, he heard that the famous wang pu was good at taking pulse, and he could predict people's good or bad by taking pulse, so he worshipped him as a teacher and studied for a year, leaving no stone unturned. Wang pu and Zhiyuan were both from the Northern Song Dynasty, because it is generally believed that Taisu pulse diagnosis was first implemented in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to this formula, the change of human pulse condition is connected with five lines of gossip's and Hetuluo's theories, which can not only break the crux of human beings, but also observe that human poverty can lead to misfortune, wealth and longevity. If the heart pulse is diagnosed, the formula is cloud: "If the heart pulse is beautiful, this person will be fair." I can't stop looking for three buttons. When I am old, I must hold the handle of the country. "That is to say, whoever has a tight heart and a big heart is the most expensive person and can live in Sangong. You also need to refer to the publishing house in detail, and there is no end to conditioning. If a person has this pulse, he will always be a relative. According to legend, Taisu pulse diagnosis can also predict the fate of children by diagnosing their parents' pulse conditions.

[Three-stage method]

The so-called three lives, that is, past lives, this life and the afterlife. Three-phase method refers to the method of judging past lives and predicting future generations through people's present-day scenes. Its industry style is extremely special, and the physiognomist holds many picture books, each of which depicts various situations of different family structures: or painting monogamy; Or have parents and children; Or if the father dies and the mother dies, there are women and no children; Or both parents are dead, and there are children and no daughters; These are all different. According to the physiognomy, the fortune teller opened the picture book and asserted his family population and living conditions according to the picture, but all six relatives discussed it one by one. If the world is real, look at past lives or talk about the future. When in doubt, if you don't ask, you won't take the initiative to measure. The collection of ancient and modern books, the collection of natural history, the collection of art and the chronology of the stars quoted the cloud "Talk": "When I was young, I saw Qian Xiucai open his books when he was in my mother Changzhou, and I knew his three surnames. Men know women's surnames and women know their husbands' surnames. " My third sister grew up in Wu's parents, and later in Shen Shi, when she was studying, she said her husband's surname was Wu. At that time, she was blamed for her mistakes. In the following years, Sister Shen divorced and came back to marry Wu Kuanfu. It is said that Qian Xiucai's original technique is the method of three generations. I don't know where this method came from, and there is no clear explanation in ancient books. Legend has it that it originated in Fujian, and many people in Fujian know this method. However, this method is generally not used to visit local people, but as a means of eating and making a living in other places. Until modern times, this law was still circulating in rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River. It is said that there are many believers, and sometimes they even have to make an appointment every other day to get their wish.

【 Acupoint knot method 】

Nodular point, originally used in "Kanyu", refers to the stagnation and accumulation of qi pulse in a proper position on the ground. The combination of point and surface, also known as "sticking the knife", is a technique to look at the phase according to the principle of Kanyu. According to Kan Yu, the earth gives birth to five elements of qi, so there is a difference between "life" and "death" and a difference between fate; When people are buried in the "raw land" after death, their "qi" will overshadow the whole family, making it prosperous and glorious for future generations. On the other hand, being buried in "death" will lead to the decline of the whole family and even the disaster of genocide. Xiang Xue believes that human nature, geographical environment and human temperament, appearance, wealth has an important relationship. Therefore, some people use the method of geomancy to look at fortune-telling, forming the number of fortune-telling. This technique is only listed in ancient popular folklore and physiognomy books, and there is no specific record. Now no one has adopted this technology among the people, so it is difficult to know the origin and operation method of this technology.

[Listening to the smell]

Special fortune-telling method. Regardless of appearance, we can judge a person by his voice or the instruments he uses. Originally used by blind magicians, it was widely used later. Some people listen to the sound first, some are good at smelling things, and some use both methods. Everything in the photo album is very real. "A Brief History of the Three Kingdoms" records that at the end of Wei Dynasty, Wu Cheng followed blindly and listened well, so he went north and Gao Cheng, the king of Bohai Sea, tried it. Hearing the sound of Liu Zhi, Wu Wen said, "The nobles in this world will die at their hands, but they are like eagles and dogs, and they are made by people." Hearing Zhao's moral voice, he said, "It's also a noble person." Hearing Taiyuan Yang's voice, he said, "Be the master." After that, everyone did as he said. The official history of Hangzhou said: "I don't know who Song Geng is, but I can know his quality by his voice, hence the name." Its clothes smell as good as its life. Hearing his name, he came from the Imperial Palace with more than 100 fans, and the Imperial Palace ordered Xiao Huangmen to knock on him. Geng scoffed and said, "This saint is also a fan." Long live Naihu. It's weird. Called to Gong Bei, take ten concubines bead crown. On the first crown, he said, "here is a body." Being a Qiu is a thing of the past. Home is at the waiting door. When Xia Zhen was young, he tasted as a Chinese and American man in the temple, drank from Geng, and when Geng heard his voice, knowing it was expensive, so he took his wife and children as his concubine. At that time, Guo Di was the commander of palace examination, and Geng Yi said,' There are three envoys in your department, all of whom will be three yams in the future.' When you knock on someone, you say,' So do Zhou Hu, Peng Yu and Xia Zhen.' When Hu and Ti were generals, the independent earthquake party was the seal officer before the account. Guo Yue said, "Zhou and Peng are missing, so it's not worth mentioning!" Geng said,' I've seen this before.' It's been verified. "

[picture]

Wat, also known as hand edition. Notes held by ancient courtiers when they appeared before the king. Xiang Yu; This is an ancient landform. The performer touched the palm of the questioner's hand to measure his official life. "Peaceful Magnolia" quotes a manuscript cloud: "The manuscript comes from Xiao He, or the Four Nobles. When it first came out, it was almost impossible for the world. Dong Fangshuo saw it and said,' This is not done by mediocre people.' Wei Chenchang sighed when he saw this book to show that Xu Shizong, Wei Zhongjiang and Guan Lu sighed when they saw it. "Whether this technique was created by Xiao He, there is no way to know for sure. However, Biography of Shu Wei and Xia Houxuan contains Xiang, Xiang and Sui Zhi, and Xiang Shouban Jing, so it is possible that Xiang Shui technology has been used since the Han Dynasty. Physiognomy was widely popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In Youyang Miscellanies in the Tang Dynasty, it was recorded that Wang Xiuyou's performance in the Southern Song Dynasty was often unpleasant. He heard that Yu Dao was sensitive and was good at looking at each other's faces, suggesting that others were looking for faces. Yu Xiang said, "This version is expensive, but it makes people feel more anxious." The king exchanged his favorite Chu Yuan for his personal belongings. One day, Chu Yuan played, "I was called to be an official in front of the emperor, and the emperor was very unhappy." In the Tang dynasty, the wind of mutual love was extremely prosperous. This can be seen from Yu Kang's "Dai Long Yu". In the middle of success, those who have a copy of the dragon have no eyes and are good at listening to voices and complaining about bones. Like bamboo slips, bamboo slips, you can follow them with your hands, and you will know the longevity of Guanju. Song Qi sometimes fills the vacancy, and the gentry gods are not inclined to do so. Xiao Xiangzhen also lived in the place where the admonisher was in Yongle, and he was awarded this title on the same day. Xiaowan listened for a long time and put the copy on the case. He said, "Prime Minister." Song Shui said, "Mr. Shui." Wen Qi is not happy. I learned later, as the copywriter said.

[appearance]

You can kill people by observing their faces. The theoretical system of ancient physiognomy about faces is quite complete. For example, the theory of thirteen parts divides a person's face into thirteen parts, which belong to more than one hundred subdivisions, and each part has a corresponding numerology theory. In physiognomy, there are many numerology theories based on the relationship between facial structure and organs, such as the theory of five senses and five elements, the theory of the ecliptic and five senses, the theory of five stars and six lewdness, the theory of four blasphemies in five mountains, and the theory of three stops in six hospitals. And there are also techniques to discuss the fate of human life according to eyebrows, eyes, mouth, nose, ears, cheekbones, chin and other parts or organs. Various phase methods are relatively independent and interrelated. Physiognomy has a long history. Quoted from the article "physiognomy" in Zuo Chunqiu, it can be seen that physiognomy was popular as early as the Spring and Autumn Period. In the classics after the Spring and Autumn Period, there are countless records about physiognomy. For example, in Historical Records of Qin Shihuang's Biography, Liao Wei, a military strategist, judged Qin Shihuang's character through physiognomy. He said: "The King of Qin is a stork with accurate bees, long eyes and false voice, and a kind person. He is a tiger with a wolf's heart. Pingdingshan on the sea floor is easy to be knocked down, but he also eats people lightly when he succeeds. " According to Records of Emperor Gaudi in Han Dynasty, Lv Gong took a fancy to Liu Bang when he was still in Tingchang. He said: "There are few ministers who love each other, but many people love each other. There is nothing like the season (Liu Bang). I hope the season loves itself. " I have a daughter, and I would like to be a concubine with a broom. "The Biography of Nan Shi Li Anren also said:" In the Song Dynasty, the new pavilion of the National Assembly took over the old armies, and the chief gambling official An Ren hit all five shots, which surprised the emperor. An Ren's eyes said,' Your face is like a field, and you are like a marquis.' "From these records, we can see the popularity of physiognomy in the ancient government and the opposition.

[face]

Facial morphology. Including eyebrows, eyes, mouth, nose, ears, forehead, zygomatic, chin and other facial parts and organs. Xiang Xuehai believes that "a hundred schools of spirits live in a spiritual place, leading to the spiritual path of the five internal organs, but only three talents can be imaged, which will determine the gains and losses of a lifetime." Therefore, the face is regarded as the most important part of breaking people's good or bad luck. Physiognomy divides the various parts and organs of the face quite finely. Their respective numerology theories are extremely complicated and difficult to describe. In a word, "The Complete Works of God's Face" says, "Therefore,' Five Mountains' and' Four Shames' want to be in harmony, and' Three Stops' want to be full and flat, which is the foundation of wealth. Ruofu has oblique defects, dim color and poor appearance. Therefore, people whose faces are as white as jade, as black as lacquer, as yellow as steamed chestnuts and as purple as crimson are auspicious. People who look red and violent will have a short life; Facing dust, poverty and death; Those who are blue with anger are poisonous ... thick-skinned people are pure and rich, and thin-skinned people are sensitive and poor. " There are many records in ancient books about people facing each other and forgiving each other. The Biography of Wang Martyrdom in Yuan Dynasty contains: unique combat power and good riding and shooting. When I was 30 years old, a Taoist asked me that his face was very strange and he would be expensive because of a green horse in the future. Immediately after the martyrdom, I bought back the green horse and used it to fight. Sure enough, "advance and retreat are not satisfactory." Because of this, he repeatedly made meritorious military service, and the general horse was moved to marshal. There is a saying in many ancient picture books that "Liang Wudi starved to death in Taicheng". Snake is another name for the law line from both sides of the nose to the mouth. Liang Wudi has this ominous tattoo on his face. Later, because of the Hou Jing rebellion, he was forced into Taicheng, deprived of food and finally starved to death.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .