Qu Yuan's patriotic story

According to "Historical Records" and "The Biography of Qu Yuan Jia Sheng", Qu Yuan was a minister during the reign of King Huai of Chu. "In Ci Ling. When you enter, you discuss state affairs with the king and issue orders; when you go out, you receive guests and deal with the princes. The king is responsible for it." Because he was put in the important position of King Huai of Chu, he aroused the jealousy of Shangguan officials and his order Yin Zilan. Just before King Huai of Chu and King Qingxiang who succeeded him, he slandered Qu Yuan. King Chu gradually alienated Qu Yuan, and even refused to accept his advice. Finally, he even exiled Qu Yuan. Full of grief and anger, Qu Yuan retreated to the world, writing in After writing his last work "Huaisha", he committed suicide by throwing himself into the Miluo River with a stone in his arms. Decades after Qu Yuan's death, Chu was finally destroyed by Qin because of his slanderous ministers and misguided officials. But Qu Yuan, a tragic hero who was loyal but suspicious, is still alive. In the hearts of Chu people. The following story can be used to illustrate the Chu people's love for Qu Yuan.

Realgar wine:

It is said that after Qu Yuan threw himself into the river, the people of Chu were extremely sad. People flocked to the Miluo River to pay their respects to Qu Yuan. The fishermen took up their boats and fished his body back and forth on the river. One fisherman also took out rice dumplings, eggs and other food that he had prepared in advance and threw them into the river, saying that he wanted to make the fish fake. After eating it, he would not bite Doctor Qu's body. An old doctor took a jar of realgar wine and poured it into the river, saying that the medicine would stun the dragon so that it could not hurt Doctor Qu. After a while, a faint dragon floated on the water. The dragon was dizzy, and a piece of Dr. Qu's clothes was still stuck on the dragon's beard. People pulled the evil dragon ashore, cramped its muscles, and tied it around its neck. Then they wrapped the dragon's tendons around the children's hands and necks, and used realgar wine to Wipe the seven orifices to prevent poisonous snakes and pests from harming these children. It is said that the day Qu Yuan threw himself into the river was May 5th. From then on, every year on May 5th, people would row dragon boats, eat rice dumplings, and drink realgar wine. To commemorate Qu Yuan. In some areas, calamus or mugwort is placed on the door during the Duanshi Festival. This is certainly because mugwort has the function of removing poison. However, there is a folk theory about the origin of this custom.

Insert calamus and mugwort

During the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao led troops to rebel. Wherever he went, millions of people were killed and blood flowed into rivers. As soon as the people heard that Huang Chao was coming, they became anxious. He hurriedly fled. In May of this year, Huang Chao's army invaded Henan and came to Dengzhou City. Huang Chao rode to the outside of the city to survey the terrain. He saw waves of old, weak, women and children pouring out of the city. He saw a woman Carrying a baggage, he held a younger boy in one hand and held an older boy in the other. Huang Chao felt strange, so he dismounted and asked, "Sister-in-law, where are you going in such a hurry?" The woman replied: "I heard that Huang Chao is a murderous villain who will attack Dengzhou soon. All the men in the city have been drafted to defend the city. We old and young, it is better to escape as soon as possible." Huang Chao Then he pointed at the child and asked her: "Why are you holding the little one in your hand, but holding the older one in your arms?" The woman said, "The one you are holding in your arms is the only living member of the uncle's family. The one you are holding in your hand is my biological child." Son. If the situation is critical, I would rather abandon my son than leave a seedling for my uncle's family." After hearing this, Huang Chao was deeply moved and said to the woman: "Sister-in-law, go back quickly. Use calamus and mugwort to stick at the door so that Huang Chao's army won't hurt you." After hearing this, the woman was doubtful, but she still returned to the city and spread the news. The next day was May. During the Duanyang Festival, Huang Chao's army entered the city and saw that every door was hung with calamus and mugwort. In order to keep his promise to the woman, Huang Chao had no choice but to lead his troops away, and the whole city was spared. In order to To commemorate this incident, every Dragon Boat Festival since then, people will put calamus and mugwort on the door. This custom has been passed down to this day.

Be persistent in learning and pay attention to methods

Xu Teli was born in 1877. In his youth, he loved reading and believed that reading could "understand the principles of life and society." At the age of 18, in order to make a living, he chose the latter between being a doctor or a private school teacher, and he began the path of "teaching throughout his life". However, he taught students to read during the day, and at night he had to go to his teacher to learn skills, because "I understand the principles myself" and then I can "teach the students what I understand."

Xu Teli was very particular about methods when he was studying and accumulated a set of self-study experience. When he was 20 years old, he was preparing to read the eight-legged essay and take part in the imperial examination at that time. Once, he walked 80 miles to Changsha City to visit the famous Mr. Chen Yunfeng and wanted to ask Chen Juren to see how he was doing with his eight-part essay. Lao Juren read his eight-legged essay and made a comment: There is still "a glimmer of light". Then he asked him: Why don't you study instead of reading eight-part essay? Chen Juren patiently told Xu Teli: The eight-part essay prescribed by the imperial examination system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was rigid in form and was a tool to constrain people's minds and maintain feudal rule. Half a year later, Xu Teli visited Chen Yunfeng again. Chen Juren gave him a fan this time and wrote a passage on the fan: "It is important to have a teacher to study, especially books. There are no teachers and no books in the countryside, but The book is the teacher's ear.

Zhang Zhidong's "Bibliographic Questions and Answers" is the gateway to buying books, and "Jianxuan Yu" is the gateway to reading. If you get these two books, you will be able to use them throughout your life. "Xu Teli was very happy. He immediately ran to the bookstore and bought "Bibliographic Questions and Answers" and "Jingxuan Yu" to take home as a self-study guide. From then on, he never wrote eight-legged essays again, and instead wrote "Reading is valuable" "Teacher, you are especially valuable if you have books." He kept it in mind. Later, when recalling the past, Xu Teli said with emotion: "I owe my knowledge of reading methods to that gentleman." ”

Reading ancient books is time-consuming and energy-consuming. Xu Teli is never greedy for more. He follows two principles: one is "quantitative" and the other is "persistent". For example, "Shuowen Jiezi" There are 540 words in "Zhongshou". He only reads two of them every day and plans to read them in one year. He believes that if you read too many words, you will not be able to understand and remember them. When he was teaching middle school students, he also required this book. After two years of studying, some students would like to learn 6 words at the same time on Saturdays. As a result, when it comes time to write from memory, most of them cannot write. "The harm".

"No writing and no reading" is a famous saying of Xu Teli. When he was teaching at Hunan No.1 Normal University, he found that most students have such a problem: they are greedy for too much and seek speed when reading. , He just introduced to everyone the experience he gained from long-term self-study. He believed that he was not afraid of reading too many books, but he was afraid of not digesting them. He taught students to pay attention to digestion when reading, and to learn to think and evaluate the books they read. The value of the book. He taught students that when reading, they should mark the key points in the book, write down their own experiences and opinions on the header, and excerpt the parts that they think are wonderful. When reading, read every sentence. Read one book at a time. At that time, Mao Zedong was the most determined and accomplished student in practicing this method. He wrote several reading notes in a few years, and his literary and ideological cultivation level improved rapidly. .

When Xu Teli read "The History of the Communist Party of the United States", the bookstore only had the first volume, so he bought a copy and read it. Later, he heard that there was a Soviet version of the first and second volumes. So he borrowed the second volume and copied it. Because it was an excerpt, he had to do a detailed analysis before copying it. As a result, he understood the second volume of "The History of the United Communist Party" more deeply than the first volume, so he came back and copied the first volume. Copying once. From this, he came to another conclusion: it is better to borrow a book than to buy a book, it is better to copy a book than to read it, and it is better to copy it entirely.

In 1919, the 43-year-old Xu Teli was already a working scholar. However, when he learned that Cai Yuanpei, Li Shizeng and other educators had launched the work-study movement in France, many people expressed surprise, but Xu Teli considered it carefully. It was decided later. The purpose of the work-study program is to "work diligently and study frugally to enhance the knowledge of workers." Xu Teli admired this purpose. He said: "I am 43 years old this year, and I will be 44 or 45 before I know it." , arrived at the age of 60. At the age of 60, if you are still as unlearned as you were at the age of 43, wouldn’t these 17 years have been wasted? Isn’t there no progress at all in what we have done in the past 17 years? It will be too late to regret it when you are 60 years old. Why not learn from today? "So, he put down his pretense as a teacher and acted like an ordinary elderly student, and went to France with the young people to learn new knowledge and new skills.

Tireless and loyal to the cause

< p>When Xu Teli was 60 years old, in a 3,000-word autobiography, he mentioned that he “has been teaching all his life. I have served as a teacher from the Mongolian School, junior primary school, senior primary school, normal school, and higher normal school. When I was a teacher at the Normal University, I did not leave my primary school duties because I loved teaching primary school students. "After Xu Teli graduated from Ningxiang Express Normal College, with the ideal of "creating a career", he founded Lijiang Higher Primary School with two like-minded friends. Six months later, Xu Teli was invited to teach at Changsha Zhounan Girls' School After the Revolution of 1911, in order to develop primary education, Xu Teli started from scratch and established Changsha Normal University. At that time, in order to solve the education problem of farmers' children in his hometown, he also established a Wumei Primary School at his own expense. Later, he founded Hunan First Normal University. After joining the revolution, he served as deputy minister of the People's Commissariat of Education in the Central Soviet Area, training literacy cadres and launching literacy campaigns. He also worked hard and established the Central Lenin Normal School. During the arduous Long March, Xu Teli did not forget himself. The duty of an educator is to seize every opportunity to teach the soldiers culture. His enthusiasm and patience deeply moved the soldiers.

Xu Te established education, had his own ideas, and dared to pay tribute to history. Challenge prejudice. In the past, the school's doors were not open to the poor. When Xu Teli founded Changsha Normal University, he boldly recruited a blacksmith and a veteran, which set a precedent in the education community. In gossip, some people mocked him as a pot-tender and nicknamed him "Xu Erlu Guo". On the contrary, Xu Teli was very happy and proud. In teaching practice, he usually likes poor students the most. Night school can give them more educational opportunities, knowing that they do not lack intelligence and talents can be cultivated from them.

Xu Teli advocates educational democracy and pays attention to guiding and mobilizing students' enthusiasm. When he was the principal of Changsha Normal University, 14-year-old Tian Han and several classmates who were interested in literature often posted some limericks on the windows of the study room, making people laugh. Two of them were about learning acrostic poems. In this way, the names of principal Xu Teli, veteran teachers Chief Zhilong and Huang Zhucun were also embedded.

One song said: "In the turbulent waves, there is a dragon whose sword is splashed with blood." Another song said: "The chickens and dogs are noisy in Huangzhu Village." After seeing it, the two old teachers were so angry that they trembled and asked the principal to reprimand him severely. student. After Xu Teli comforted the two old teachers, he immediately found the students. Tian Han said: "We have no ill intentions towards Mr. Huang and Mr. Huang. We were just joking on a whim to make everyone happy." Principal Xu was convinced that what he was telling the truth and felt that the poems revealed the students' intelligence, so he kindly said Tell them: It's a good thing to like writing, but don't spend your time and energy on playing with pen and ink. It's better to write some meaningful articles and exercise your talents. The principal's talk encouraged the students to be enthusiastic about running the "Window Newspaper". Suddenly, like bamboo shoots springing up after the rain, window signs were posted on the windows of almost every study room. Tian Hanban's "Zu Bian Bao" is particularly outstanding. He expressed his patriotism and love for the people in a vivid and vivid style. Xu Teli often reprinted excellent poems and articles from "Window News" to his own "Education Weekly". The attitude of the old teachers changed, and the students were even more happy.

Xu Teli doesn’t like to use tough methods to manage students. When he was the principal of Hunan Provincial No. 1 Women's Normal School, he made it clear: "You should not use coercive means to educate students, let alone a rough attitude. The gentle and honest 'poetry' of ancient China is still used in school education today. Got it." In order to implement "poetry education", he hung a large blackboard in the corridor leading to the classroom from the student study room, specifically for writing poems. Once, he learned that a student named Tang and a student named Yu were studying hard, which affected their health and felt very bad. He wrote a poem to suggest that they stop studying and take a rest, which also served as a warning to everyone. The poem is like this:

"I advise Tang Sheng and I advise you to stop your career and don't hesitate.

Why are you so skinny and skinny that you don't love your body but only your books."

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Xu Teli paid great attention to running the school frugally. Some teachers always throw away their chalk tips during class. When Xu Teli saw it, he always picked it up and kept it for himself to use in class and writing blackboard poems. Some students called him "stingy." He wrote such a blackboard poem:

"Half a section of vermicelli is still cherished, and public items should always be treasured;

All living beings do not understand Yu Zhongqu, but say that Yu is the calculation. "Small man."

After reading this poem, the student who said he was "stingy" realized that he was wrong. When he discovered that some students were wasting food, Xu Teli talked to them and wrote poems to educate everyone; seeing that students in two classes had outstanding academic performance, Xu Teli wrote poems to encourage them, showing that girls are no worse than boys in intelligence... …Students have to read poems on the blackboard every day. Whether it is praise, criticism, or advice, it is an ideological and moral education. Xu Teli gave the blackboard poem a general title, called "Hundred Odes in School".

Xu Teli is also strict sometimes, but he is different. Once, a student named Su Fujii caused trouble. After discussion at a school meeting, it was decided to be expelled. Xu Teli agreed at first, but afterwards he felt uneasy. The more he thought about it, the more he felt that he could not push Su Fuji out of the school. He thought that this classmate was good at studying and had organizational skills, so he should not be dismissed rashly. He immediately sent someone to fetch Su Fuji from his home, had a serious and sincere conversation with him, and then introduced him to continue his education at Changjun Middle School. Su Fuji was very moved and later became a student with excellent academic performance in Changjun Middle School.

Textbook without words

Xu Teli "has been teaching all his life." His revolutionary spirit, noble sentiments and excellent qualities have been hailed as "textbook without words". , educating and inspiring generations of young students.

The story of Xu Teli’s bloody writing is the most touching patriotism textbook. In 1906, he taught at Zhounan Girls' School and had the opportunity to read revolutionary publications such as Minbao, Menghuitou, and New Hunan Tide. His thoughts changed and he actively engaged in revolutionary activities and guided students to care about the country and the country. the destiny of the nation. In the summer of 1909, he was invited to give a report on current affairs at the training school. He denounced the omnipresent imperialist aggression in China and listed the tragedies of missionaries poisoning the Chinese people. The more he spoke, the angrier he became, impassioned and tearful. Suddenly, he jumped off the podium, ran to the kitchen, took out a kitchen knife, and cut off a finger on his left hand in public. He wrote with blood: "Expel the Tartars and restore China" in eight characters, expressing his resentment against imperialism and his determination to avenge its humiliation. He fainted because of the bleeding. Afterwards, many newspapers inside and outside the province prominently reported the news. Xu Teli's patriotic feat educated people from all walks of life and inspired the patriotic enthusiasm of many teachers and students.

As an outstanding revolutionary educator, Xu Teli maintained the excellent quality of simplicity and frugality throughout his life. This is a rare textbook for self-cultivation. As early as when he was in Hunan No.1 Normal University, Xu Teli was famous throughout the school for his frugal life. His residence was simple, with no big suitcases, no big cabinets, no valuable furniture, just old books. At that time, there was a trend in Changsha's education circles. Middle school teachers were considered to be decent people, and they had to ride in sedans when going out to show their gentlemanly demeanor. But Xu Teli never sat in a sedan chair. He was the principal of Changsha Normal University and taught part-time at No. 1 Normal University. The two schools were about 10 miles apart, and he walked back and forth every time. On rainy and snowy days, he would wear "spiked shoes", hold an umbrella, and carry lecture notes. He would never miss class or be late. Some teachers were very moved after seeing it, and gradually learned not to sit in the sedan chair.

In 1937, Xu Teli led the educational work in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. When the Party Central Committee first settled in Wayaobao, there was only one school in the local area. One day, Xu Teli went to attend a class. He was wearing a ragged leather jacket with a rope tied around his waist. The school teacher thought he was a groom from the Red Army and didn't pay attention. The next day, Xu Teli went to attend the class with Dong Biwu and Feng Xuefeng. Feng Xuefeng introduced Xu Teli to the teachers. The teachers were shocked to find out that the extremely plainly dressed "groomman" was actually the Minister of Education of the Border Region. There are two small poems describing his frugal life in Yan'an: "The elders in Yan'an are only public servants, and their lives are as simple as those of old soldiers; they often mend the flaw in their coarse cloth and clothes, and cook their own melons and fruits to supplement their food." "Ride less stallions and walk more , Don’t follow him to take care of him. Bring two ice buns and have several meetings a day.”

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Xu Teli lived in Beijing and his material conditions improved, but he still maintained his frugal style. He often told his relatives that living a simple life not only saves money for public affairs, but more importantly, it not only keeps people away from the masses, tempers people's revolutionary will and cultivates people's noble qualities. His clothes, quilts, shoes and hats were all worn from Yan'an to after liberation. As long as they could be repaired, he would not replace them with new ones. Later, he agreed to buy a suit of material clothes and a pair of leather shoes, which he did not wear on a daily basis, just because he had to frequently attend important banquets and participate in foreign affairs activities. He is also very simple in his diet and has always loved to eat whole grains and vegetables. At first, he lived with some staff from the Central Propaganda Department. The house was old and crowded, and his grandchildren slept on the floor of the office when they came home. In 1952, the organization wanted to build several houses for him. He expressed his disagreement several times, saying that he would consider it later when production was completed and people's lives became richer. After much persuasion and reducing the construction cost by 1/2, he reluctantly agreed. When he lived in Xiangshan, he rarely rode in a car alone. He made a calculation with the guard: cars and gasoline were imported from abroad in kind or in gold. A few trips back and forth from Xiangshan to the city would wipe out a middle peasant's annual income. Later, when he moved to the city, he often walked instead of driving, maintaining the fine tradition.

On November 28, 1968, 91-year-old Mr. Xu Teli passed away due to illness. He is a great teacher. His lifelong struggle for China's education will always be remembered and praised by people.