Mozi (468 BC - 376 BC), named Zhai (d?), Han nationality, was born in the capital of Song State (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) or Lu State (now Tengzhou, Shandong Province) in the early Warring States Period of my country. He was a famous thinker, educator, scientist, and military strategist during the Warring States Period, as well as the founder and main representative of the Mohist school. Later, his disciples collected his quotations and completed the book "Mozi". He proposed "universal love", "fei-gong", "shangxian", "shangtong", "tianzhi", "mingminggui", "feiming", "feiyue", "festival burial", and "economy". ? and other views. The Mohist theory founded by Mozi has a book "Mozi" handed down to the world. Mozi is the only philosopher in history who was born as a peasant, a man of great influence, and the founder of Mohism. Its main ideas include universal love, non-aggression, advocating the virtuous, advocating the same, frugal use, frugal burial, non-happiness, heaven's will, Minggui, non-ming, etc., with universal love as the core, and frugal use and advocating the virtuous as the fulcrum. In the pre-Qin period, Mozi created a set of scientific theories with outstanding achievements in geometry, physics, and optics. Mohism had a great influence at that time, and was called "Xianxue" together with Confucianism. During the contention of a hundred schools of thought at that time, it was called "both Confucianism and Mohism". After Mozi's death, the Mohists were divided into three schools: Xiangli's Mohism, Xiangfu's Mohism, and Dengling's Mohism.

Mozi’s famous sayings are organized and shared:

1. Promote the benefits of the world and eliminate the harms of the world.

Translation brings benefits to the world and eliminates harm to the world.

2 Love each other.

The translation is to love all people in the world regardless of rank, distance or distance.

3 non-attack.

The translation opposes aggressive wars and safeguards human peace.

4 Shangxian

The translation recommends, selects, and uses people with both ability and political integrity regardless of high or low.

For 5 sections.

The translation opposes luxury and waste and advocates diligence and thrift.

6-section burial.

The translation opposes thick burials and long mourning, and advocates thin burials and short mourning.

7 is not joy.

The translation opposes extravagant music activities and advocates saving human, financial and material resources.

8 is not fate.

The translation opposes the theory of destiny and advocates forceful engagement.

9 Love each other and benefit each other.

Translation: Love yourself and others, and be mutually beneficial in your interactions with others.

10 If the world were to love each other and love others as much as they love themselves, would there still be those who are unfilial?

Translation: If everyone in the world could love each other, and love others as much as you love yourself, would there still be unfilial people?

11. You can’t give in to anything, even if you say it’s dangerous.

Translation: It is not allowed to be courteous in everything, and you cannot give way to each other on a narrow road.

12 To be silent and not believe, to be immoral and not repay. Give me a peach and repay you with a plum.

Translation: There is no word that I will not agree to, and there is no kindness that I will not repay. If you give me a peach, I will repay you with plums.

13 A gentleman does not mirror water but mirrors people.

A gentleman does not use water as a mirror to look at himself, but a wise man as a mirror to look at himself.

14 Nothing is more valuable than justice.

Translation: Among all things in the world, there is nothing more valuable than morality.

15. Names cannot be simplified, reputations cannot be established by chance, and a gentleman wears his hat on his body.

Translation A good reputation cannot be obtained easily, and honor cannot be established through cunning and deceit. A gentleman is a gentleman, and he must practice his own actions to gain a true honor.

16 The fisherman’s courtesy is not given to the fish; baiting the rat with worms is not given out of love.

Translation: When a fisherman bows his body, he does not show respect to the fish; when he uses insects as bait to catch rats, he does not mean he loves them.

17 If you are frugal, you will prosper; if you are immoral, you will perish.

Translation Those who are frugal will prosper, and those who are immoral will perish.

18. Those who are not strong-willed will not be wise, and those who do not believe in their words will not achieve results.

19. If you are capable, raise it; if you are incompetent, do it. Promote justice and eliminate personal grudges, this is what the saying goes.

20 If the world loves each other, it will be ruled; if it is evil, it will lead to chaos.

21 An old man without a wife should be supported by someone to support him throughout his life; a young, weak and orphaned child without parents should be supported by someone to help him grow up.

22 The people have three troubles: those who are hungry have no food, those who are cold have no clothes, and those who are tired cannot rest.

If you are virtuous but not impatient, you will slow down your ruler. If you are not a virtuous person, you will not be anxious. If you are not a scholar, you will not care about the country.

It’s not that I don’t have a safe place to live, I don’t have peace of mind; it’s not that I don’t have enough wealth, I don’t have a sufficient heart.

The sweet well is close to drying up, the tree is close to being cut down, the turtle is close to burning, and the divine snake is close to violent.

____ Above "Kids"

Although a gentleman fights with knowledge, courage is the basis; although mourning is polite, mourning is the basis; although a scholar has knowledge, conduct is the basis Ben Yan.

Those who are not strong in ambition are not wise enough, and those who do not believe in their words will not achieve results.

____the above "Cultivation"

His friends are all very reserved and diligent in their creations. As a result, their family will be damaged, their body will be in danger, and their reputation will be disgraced.

____The above "Stained"

No one in the world can be ungrateful, and there is no one who can accomplish things without righteousness.

Heaven’s actions are extensive and selfless, its kindness is not immoral, and its brightness will not fade for a long time, so the sage king follows it.

____The above "Fa Yi"

All grains are respected by the people and the king nourishes them. Therefore, if the people have no respect, the king will have no support; if the people have no food, nothing can be done.

The food is the treasure of the country, the soldiers are the claws of the country, and the city is therefore self-defense. These three are the tools of the country.

____The above "Seven Problems"

It means that if the country has many virtuous people, the country will be well governed; if there are few virtuous people, the country will be poorly governed. Therefore, your duty will only depend on the wise men.

This is why the ancient sage kings said: "Unrighteousness does not mean unity, unrighteousness does not mean unity, unrighteousness does not mean nobility, unrighteousness does not mean intimacy, unrighteousness does not mean closeness." ?

If the title is not high, the people will not respect him; if the salary is not rich, the people will not trust him; if the government orders are constant, the people will not fear him. Mentioning the three to the wise is not just a gift for the sake of achieving success.

____'s above "Shangxian Xian"

The ancient sage kings respected the virtuous and appointed officials. They did not party with their fathers and brothers, did not favor the nobles, and did not follow the color. The wise ones are promoted and respected, and they are regarded as officials; the unworthy ones are suppressed and discarded, and the poor and humble are regarded as slaves.

What are three books? He said: If the title is not high, the people will not respect him; if the salary is not rich, the people will not trust him; if the government orders are constant, the people will not fear him.

Although Heaven does not distinguish between poverty, nobleness and inferiority, distance and distance, closeness and sparseness, the wise will lift them up, and the unworthy will suppress them and discard them.

____ Above "Shang Xianzhong"

The ancient sage kings ruled the world, and what they wanted and what they valued were not necessarily flesh and blood relatives of princes, nobles, and beautiful faces. Those who are.

What will happen to the way to be a virtuous person? He said: Those who are powerful are quick to help others, those who are rich are willing to help others, and those who are wise are observant and teach others.

____ The above "Shangxian Xia"

In ancient times, when the people were born and there was no criminal government, their words had different meanings. Therefore, one person has one righteousness, two people have two righteousnesses, and ten people have ten righteousnesses. His people are here for the public, and his so-called righteous people are also for the public.

In ancient times, the sage kings gave five punishments to govern their people, just like the threads of a silk thread have rules and the nets have rules. Therefore, even the people of the world are not the same as those above.

____"Shang Ibid"

Why does the emperor rule the world? Said: It is difficult for them to unite the righteousness of the world, so the world is governed.

Therefore, if the sky brings uncontrolled cold and heat, snow, frost, rain and dew from time to time, crops fail, livestock fails, diseases and epidemics occur, winds and bitter rains come and go, then this is the punishment from heaven. Those who punish people for their misconduct are not as good as heaven.

Therefore, the reason why the saints in ancient times were successful in helping people and making their names known to future generations has no other reason than that of those who can govern by advocating unity.

____The above "Shang Tongzhong"

If the world loves each other, countries will not attack each other, families will not be in chaos, there will be no thieves, and kings, ministers, fathers and sons will be able to Filial piety and kindness, if this is the case, the world will be governed.

____The above "Universal Love"

The reason why a benevolent person does something is to bring benefit to the world and eliminate the harm to the world. This is why he does things.

If you love others, others will love them; if you benefit others, others will benefit from them; if you hate others, others will hate them; if you harm others, others will harm them.

____The above "Jian Ai Zhong"

I heard that to be a wise king in the world, he must first be the body of all people, and then be his own body, and then he can be a wise king in the world. Therefore, we retreat and see that all the people there will eat them when they are hungry, eat them when they are cold, clothe them when they are cold, feed them when they are sick, and bury them when they die.

The king's way is unbiased and impartial; the king's way is mediocre and neither party nor party. It's as straight as an arrow and as easy as a hammer. What a gentleman should do is what a villain should do.

Therefore, if a gentleman wants to be a benevolent king, a loyal minister, a loving father, a filial son, a friend, a brother, or a brother, he must be able to be all of them.

____The above "Jian Ai, Part 2"

Nowadays, people are attacking the country, so they don't know what is wrong, so they use it as a bird to call it righteousness. Is this the difference between righteousness and unrighteousness?

____ Above "Fei Gong Shang"

There is an ancient saying: if you fail to plan, then you will know the past and the future, and you will know the hidden by seeing.

A gentleman does not mirror water, but mirrors people. If a mirror is held in water, one can see one's appearance; if a mirror is held in a person, one can know good or bad luck.

____The above "Fei Gongzhong"

The ancients knew that in order to save the world, they must take into account their intentions and then act accordingly.

Now, if there is someone who can act faithfully and benefit the princes of the world first, then we will worry about the injustice of the big country; if the big country attacks the small country, we will save it together. If the city walls of a great country are incomplete, they must be repaired; if there is no supply of grain, they must be commissioned; if there is insufficient money and silk, they must be destroyed. If you use this to serve a great country, then the king of a great country will say.

____ Above "Not to Capture"

The Holy King is in charge of government. He issues orders, promotes affairs, engages the people, and uses money, all of which are done without hesitation. Therefore, if money is used without wasting money and the people are not virtuous and do not work hard, the benefits will be great!

In the past, the sage king said: "When a husband is twenty, he does not dare to stay at home; when a woman is fifteen, she does not dare to stay away from others."

?

____ above "Jie Yong"

In ancient times, the Ming kings and saints ruled the world and rectified the princes. They loved the people and were loyal, benefited the people and were loyal, and were loyal and trustworthy. Show it to benefit, so that you will never be satisfied throughout your life, and you will not be buried in it until you die.

The ancient sage kings established the dietary method, saying: "It is enough to replenish the deficiency and strengthen the qi, strengthen the thighs and legs, and make the ears and eyes clear, then it will stop." It is not extremely inconsistent with the five flavors and the harmony of fragrance, and it does not lead to rare and strange things from far away countries. ?

____The above "Jie Yongzhong"

The benevolent person is the one who saves the world, and the one who has nothing to do is different from the filial son who is the one who saves the family.

Today, if the government cannot bury those who have been mourned for a long time, the country will be poor, the people will be few, and the criminal government will be in chaos.

Today, you gentlemen, I would like to ask you to be benevolent and righteous, and seek to be a superior scholar. Above you, you want to follow the path of a holy king, and below you, you want to benefit the country and the people. This is also the case.

____ Above "Buried Under the Festival"

Those who obey God's will, love each other, and benefit each other, will be rewarded; those who go against God's will, do not hate each other, and work together as thieves, will be punished .

The people have three troubles: those who are hungry cannot eat, those who are cold cannot be clothed, and those who are tired cannot rest.

____The above "Fei Le"

Therefore, what is done is considered skillful if it is beneficial to others, and it is called clumsy if it is not beneficial.

____The above "Lu Wen"

Those who govern by gods will not be known to everyone; those who strive for enlightenment will be known to everyone.

____the above "Gongshu"

Extended reading:

Mozi's works:

The works about Mozi include "Mozi" 》 book. This book is a record of Mozi's words and deeds by his disciples and his subsequent disciples.

"Mozi" is divided into two parts: one part records Mozi's words and deeds and expounds Mozi's thoughts, which mainly reflects the thoughts of the early Mohists; the other part "Jingshang", "Jingxia", "Jings" Six chapters, including "Shuo Shang", "Jing Shuo Xia", "Daqi" and "Xiaoqi", are generally called Mo Bian or Mo Jing. They focus on the epistemology and logical thoughts of Mohism, and also contain many natural science contents, reflecting The later Mohist thought. In the history of logic, it is called late Mohist logic or Mohist logic (one of the three major logic systems in the ancient world, the other two being the logic system of ancient Greece and the science of enlightenment in Buddhism); it also contains many natural science contents, especially are astronomy, geometric optics and statics.

"Mozi" has extensive content, including politics, military, philosophy, ethics, logic, science and technology, etc. It is an important historical material for the study of Mozi and his subsequent studies. Lu Sheng and Le Yi in the Western Jin Dynasty both wrote annotations for Mozi, but unfortunately they have been lost. Today's popular versions include Sun Yirang's "Mozi Xianjue" and the version included in "The Collection of Zhuzi".

Since the Qin Dynasty, the remarks of Mozi and his disciples have been scattered in various classics, such as "Xinxu", "Xizi", "Yanzi Chunqiu", "Han Feizi", "Lü" "Spring and Autumn", "Huainanzi", "Liezi", "Warring States Policy", "Old Stories of the Palaces", "The Legend of Immortals" and so on. Liu Xiang's "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" of the Western Han Dynasty recorded the scattered chapters into seventy-one chapters of "Mozi". It has been lost through generations. By the Song Dynasty, only sixty chapters remained. Today, only fifty-three chapters remain, and eighteen chapters have been lost. Among them, the ones that have been lost include: the second chapter of "Jie Yong", the first and middle chapters of "Jie Yong", the first and middle chapters of "Ming Gui", the middle and second chapters of "Fei Yue", the first chapter of "Fei Ru", in addition to these eight In addition to this chapter, the titles of the other ten chapters have all been lost. Among these ten chapters, only "Shi Zhengyi" has mentioned the title of "Bei Wei", and the rest cannot be tested.