1. "Pre-school education": Take the road of learning

When Zhou Enlai was young, she was raised by her widowed heir mother, Chen, who was called "mother" and her biological mother, Wan, who was called "godmother". Chen was born in a scholarly family, with a quiet personality, outstanding talent, good calligraphy and painting, good poetry and good cultivation. Chen is very strict with Zhou Enlai. Chen taught him to read at the age of four. At the age of five, Chen sent him to a private school, and took the scientific name En Lai, the word Yu Xiang.

in p>194, Zhou Enlai's family moved to his grandfather's house in Qinghe county (now Qingjiang city) and continued their studies in wanjia's family school. In 195, the Zhou Enlai family moved into the Chenjia Garden where the Chen family lived, and studied at home. In the following years, in order to cultivate Zhou Enlai into a pillar, Chen woke him up at dawn every day.

Teach him to read some chapters in San Zi Jing, Qian Zi Wen, prodigy poem, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, University, The Doctrine of the Mean and The Book of Songs. Chen also helped Zhou Enlai read The Journey to the West's The Water Margin, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Legend of Yue and other novels hidden in his grandfather's house.

2. Studying in Northeast China: the key to the change of life and thoughts

Young Zhou Enlai often corresponded with his uncle Zhou Yigeng who made a living in feng tian (now Liaoning Province). Through thinking between the lines, Zhou Yigeng appreciated the nephew's talent and conduct very much. When Zhou Yiding was promoted to a clerk in the department of Fengtian Branch (equivalent to the current Finance Bureau), and his life was a little stable, he wrote to Zhou Enlai to go to the northeast and continue his studies with himself.

In the spring of p>191, Zhou Enlai came to Yinzhou (now Tieling County) in feng tian with his third uncle Zhou Yiqian, who went home to visit relatives. He lived in his home and was enrolled in Yingang Academy (a primary school). In the autumn of this year, he moved to Zhou Yigeng's home in Fengtianfu (now Shenyang) and entered the newly-built No.6 and No.2 primary school in Fengtian (renamed as Dongguan Model School after the Revolution of 1911). < P > The courses include 1 subjects, including self-cultivation, Chinese, arithmetic, history, geography, ambition, English, drawing, singing and gymnastics. During his two years in Dongguan Model School, Zhou Enlai was "diligent in subjects and good at reading essays, novels and news magazines", and his achievements in all subjects were among the best. Due to extensive reading of Historical Records, Han Shu, Li Sao and other books, Zhou Enlai's composition is especially praised by teachers. < P > It is often labeled as "biography" and posted in the school's achievement exhibition for students to watch. Among them, when reviewing Zhou Enlai's composition, Zhao Chun, a Chinese teacher, said with emotion to his colleagues around him: "I have been teaching for decades and have never seen such a good student!" The famous saying "For the rise of China!" It was generated during this period.

3. Nankai School: A versatile student with the best grades

After tempering in the Northeast, Zhou Enlai has made remarkable progress. But the bigger change happened after he entered Tianjin Nankai School. Compared with the Northeast, Tianjin can be exposed to the social life of big cities and breathe the air of modern society, which provides a broader space for the growth of young people.

Like studying in the Northeast, Zhou Enlai transferred to Tianjin thanks to his uncle Zhou Yigeng. In the spring of 1913, Zhou Yigen's work changed and he was appointed as a member of the transportation department of Tianjin Changlu Salt Transportation Department. Zhou Enlai moved to Tianjin with his uncle and lived in Yuanjili, Yuanwei Road, Hebei District. Immediately, he went to osawa English Mathematics Tutorial School to make up his lessons and prepare for the entrance examination of Nankai School.

in mid-August, he was successfully admitted to Nankai school, reported to the school on the 19th, and was assigned to Class 3 (later changed to Class 2). Four years' study and life in Nankai School has made Zhou Enlai mature in all aspects. Because of his meager income and financial difficulties, his uncle seldom goes home. He usually uses holidays and spare time to carve wax plates for the school and copy teaching handouts to subsidize meals and reduce the financial burden on his family.

Despite the hard life, Zhou Enlai's grades have not been affected at all. His achievements in Chinese and mathematics are particularly outstanding. On December 14, 1914, he won the second place in the Nankai School's "Chinese Literature Biography" competition; In March, 1915, he participated in the whole school's mathematics competition, with excellent results, and his grade in Class Two of Ding won the first place in the whole school.

On June 26th, 1917, Zhou Enlai graduated from Nankai School with an average score of 89.72. When attending the graduation ceremony, he also won the best prize in Chinese and gave a reply on behalf of the graduating students.

4. Studying in Japan: Growing up in Frustration

After graduating from Nankai School, Zhou Enlai hopes to continue studying. Because of his poor family, he decided to apply for Japanese government-funded schools. At that time, there was an agreement between China and Japan that the Japanese government designated schools to train foreign students in China. According to the agreement, China students who can enter one of the designated Japanese colleges and universities can enjoy the treatment of official fees until they return home.

in September p>1917, Zhou Enlai boarded a ship from Tianjin to Japan. In October, he entered the East Asia Advanced Preparatory School in Kanda District, Tokyo, Japan to study Japanese, and prepared to apply for Tokyo Normal School and Tokyo No.1 Higher Education School. From March 4th to 6th, 1918, Zhou Enlai took an entrance examination in Tokyo Normal College. He took 8 subjects, including Japanese, Mathematics, Geography, History, English, Physics, Chemistry and Natural History, and also had an oral examination.

unfortunately, he was not admitted because of his poor performance in Japanese. However, Zhou Enlai was not too depressed mentally. Since then, in order to prepare for the entrance examination in Tokyo No.1 University in July, however, due to the patriotic movement of students studying in Japan, Zhou Enlai's review plan was almost completely disrupted. It was not until the beginning of June that he resumed reviewing his lessons and went all out to prepare for the exam.

On July 2nd and 3rd, 1918, Zhou Enlai was admitted to Tokyo No.1 Higher Education Institute, but he was not admitted because of his poor Japanese performance. In March, 1919, Zhou Enlai decided to go back to China to study after learning that Nankai School was about to establish an undergraduate department. Although he failed to enter a Japanese university for further study, his self-study and practical activities during his stay in Japan still brought great help to Zhou Enlai, and his ideological progress was even more obvious.

5. Work-study program: Establish the belief of * * * productism

On September 25th, 1919, Zhou Enlai attended the opening ceremony of Nankai University, and was the first liberal arts student in the department. In order to further explore the truth of saving the nation, Zhou Enlai decided to study in Britain, the birthplace of capitalism, with the recommendation and funding of Yan Xiu, the founder of Nankai School. On October 8, 192, he and Li Fujing, a classmate from Nankai University, obtained the certificate of going to France issued by Beijing Huafa Education Association.

before he left, he agreed with Tianjin Yishi Daily that as a reporter in Europe, he would earn money from writing a newsletter in Europe to support his life during his stay in Europe. On December 13th, 192, Zhou Enlai, Li Fujing and others arrived in Marseille Port by the French mail ship Bordeaux, and then transferred to Paris by train. After a short stay here, Zhou Enlai went to London on January 5, 1921, and began to make a "survey of social reality" in Britain.

Because of the high cost of living in London, he decided to apply for the University of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. On January 25th, Zhou Enlai sent a letter to Yan Xiu, telling him that Zhou Enlai was much more mature in thought than when he went to Japan. After going to Europe, he read extensively, dabbled in various theories and thoughts, and "began to compare everything" with a cautious and realistic attitude.