2. I don't pursue honor.
My sword will never be drawn for power and benefit!
Saint Martin's father was once deputy commander-in-chief of Apeyou. I am an officer. I fought in Spain against Napoleon's occupation forces. I not only have rich experience in military command, but also have lofty ideals.
When he was young, Saint Martin read widely, Rousseau's On Social Contract, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Diderot, Holmach and other enlightenment thinkers had a great influence on him.
Later, Saint Martin devoted himself to the liberation struggle to overthrow colonial rule. He spent more than two years painstakingly managing and training a People's Liberation Army mainly composed of blacks and hybrids in Ayers Mountain. 18 17 At the beginning of this year, San Martin led an expeditionary force of 5,000 people to climb the 65,438+2,000-foot Andes, which unexpectedly attacked the Spanish defenders in Chile and completely defeated the enemy. This victory is of great significance in the South American independence movement, which changed the South American War of Liberation from a strategic defense to a strategic attack. In February of the following year, Chile declared its independence.
Soon, San Martin organized forces and formed a small navy to March from the sea to Peru, the strongest Spanish colony in America. 182 1 July, St. Martin led an army to attack Lima, which was a success in one fell swoop. Lima was liberated and Peru declared its independence. Saint Martin was called "lord protector" by the Republic of China because of his great contribution.
Because of Saint Martin's immortal feats in the South American liberation movement, he later served as the commander-in-chief of the Argentine northern army, and also enjoyed various titles in Peru, Chile and Argentina, such as "liberator of South America", "father of the motherland", "creator of freedom" and "Washington of the South". It can be said that without St. Martin, there would be no liberation of South America, and there would be no independence and freedom of South American countries! However, just as people celebrated San Martin's victory with infinite admiration, San Martin took the initiative to resign as commander-in-chief of the Argentine northern army and asked to go to a remote place-Gule Province as governor, where he organized training for new recruits and marched into Chile. After the liberation of Chile, the new government appointed him as the chief executive, but he declined. He accepted the heaviest burden at that time-organizing the joint forces of Argentina and Chile to conquer Peru, the last position of the colonists. Finally, when he made great contributions and the Argentine people were ready to warmly welcome him, he quietly dodged.
There are different opinions about the reasons for his brave retreat, but the most direct reason is the world-famous Guayaquil talks.
1On July 25th, 822, Saint Martin came to Guayaquil to hold talks with Simon Bolvar, a "liberator" in northern South America. Simon Bolvar was a famous revolutionary leader, politician, strategist and thinker in Venezuela. The talks on the second and third days were top secret, without the participation of any third party, only these two famous "North-South giants" in South America. Therefore, only the two of them know the content of the talks. However, after the talks, Bolivar did not disclose anything, nor did he make any future memories, and San Martin kept his mouth shut. Therefore, this secret talk left a mystery in history that can never be solved.
However, the world-famous "North-South Giant" talks will not pass quietly, and people have made various speculations about the contents of the talks.
Judging from the atmosphere before the talks, it was harmonious and pleasant. When Saint Martin arrived at the port, Bolí var was greeted by two assistants, and Bolí var welcomed him at his hotel. In the cheers of the people, the two giants hugged each other tightly.
However, after the talks, Saint Martin walked out of the hall with a serious face. On the other hand, Bolivar has a mysterious expression. When the all-night dance was in full swing, San Martin quietly left and returned to Peru without saying goodbye to a general in the same company.
Shortly after returning to Peru, San Martin solemnly announced his resignation as head of state and commander-in-chief of the army at the "First Congress" and decided not to have any power. And took off his double-color ribbon, which symbolizes power and highest honor, and sincerely said to the lawmakers:
Now laurels are all over the battlefields in South America, but my head has to avoid the laurels of final victory! My heart has never been excited by sweet feelings, but today it has excited my heart! For a soldier who fights for the freedom, democracy and happiness of the people, the joy of victory can only make him more sincerely become a tool for the people to enjoy their rights ... I am very happy to see the establishment of the Congress, at which I resigned from all my supreme power! The purpose of my speech today is only one, that is, please don't vote for me to remain in power! "
Everyone present was surprised and advised Saint Martin to withdraw his resignation. However, St. Martin was determined and explained the reasons for his resignation from various aspects. However, people vaguely think that the main reason is the Guayaquil meeting, but St. Martin didn't mention anything about it.
Night covers the earth and everything is so quiet. Perhaps, St. Martin's heart knows that the night is so quiet and peaceful? Because he is riding a horse at this time, quietly watching the silent night.
Saint Martin quietly left Lima on horseback, then quietly came to Chile by boat, and then left the motherland for which he had worked tirelessly and paid full love. Go to Europe to see his poor old age!
Why would a leader who is admired by the people of China make such a choice? People pay attention to the Guayaquil talks again.
One theory is that during the talks with Bolivar, the two sides had a dispute on fundamental issues. Bolí var was 39 years old at that time, and he was soft-blooded, so he might be tough on San Martin. San Martin is 44 years old. Due to his 32-year military career, his body was seriously damaged, so he voluntarily gave up the post of commander-in-chief, leaving Bolivar to lead the army alone to clear up the colonial remnants.
Another way of saying it is more recognized by the world: "At that time, on the eve of the" transit war "between San Martin and Bolí var, there were many patients in the troops led by San Martin, but for other reasons, the Argentine and Chilean governments could not fully support him. He was eager for reinforcements, so he held talks with Bolí var in Guayaquil, hoping to get Bolí var's help. If Bolivar tries to contain the colonial army on another front, he may win. Otherwise, St. Martin will attack more with less, which will inevitably lead to confrontation between ourselves and the enemy. In this case, the process of Latin American independence will be postponed. As a result, after having a secret talk with Bolivar, he understood the difference between the two, that is, one mountain cannot accommodate two tigers. For the future of South America and the interests of the people, he painfully chose to give up power instead of waiting for the future to meet Bolí var.
Maybe later historians can see it more clearly. Thomas Guido wrote in his "San Martin and the Great Epic": "Bolí var is not happy with San Martin's victory in the war to liberate Peru. In order to win the final victory and the supreme power in South America, Bolí var will take bold measures to lead his troops to fight against San Martin's army. The conflict between the two revolutionary armies was regarded by Saint Martin as "a shameful scandal left in the world!" So he made a painful choice! "
Saint Martin once said: "I don't seek honor", "My sword will never be drawn for power and benefit!" As long as Peru and Latin America are truly independent, I "will leave here far away."
Saint Martin handed over his life's struggle, the most brilliant fruits of victory and the highest power and honor in South America to his revolutionary partner and rival Bolí var. So he was praised by many people all over the world, calling him "an almost unparalleled soul in history"!