On Confucius' Extracurricular Classical Chinese

1. Confucius is talked about in classical Chinese, and Confucius advises learning.

When Luz met Confucius, Confucius said, "Why are you so happy?" Yes, this is a good sword. Confucius said, "I'm not asking this question. I just said that I can do what I can with my study." Lutz said, "Is learning beneficial?" Confucius said, "A lady will lose her honor if she doesn't give advice, and a scholar will lose her hearing if she doesn't have a church member. If a crazy horse is restrained, she will not release her strategy, nor will she hold a bow against it. If the bow doesn't object, she will be straight, exhort, and she will be holy. Ask again, which one is wrong? Destroying benevolence and evil officials will be punished. " Confucius said, "If you have feathers, if you sharpen them, you won't go too deep." Lutz said again, "Teach with respect."

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Confucius said to Luz, "What do you like? Lutz replied, "I like long swords. Confucius said, "I have to ask this. With your talent and study, you should have a good talent. Lutz said: "Can learning increase our ability? Confucius said, "If you don't have a minister who dares to remonstrate, there will be mistakes in political affairs; If a scholar has no friends who can correct his shortcomings, his moral character is easily lost. You can't put down the whip for a wild horse, and you can't change the pair casually when shooting with a bow. Trees can only grow straight by pulling with ink ropes, and people can only be noble if they can accept good words. If someone teaches you to ask questions seriously, there is nothing you can't learn. Those who violate benevolence and righteousness and specialize in doing bad things will be punished by state laws at any time. So a gentleman can't help learning. Lutz said: "There is a kind of bamboo in Nanshan, which is straight and does not knead or bake. After sharpening, it can penetrate the thick skin of rhinoceros, so why do you have to go through the learning process when some things are gifted? Confucius said, "If you put feathers on the tail of an arrow and sharpen it, can't the arrow shoot deeper and farther?"? "? Lutz thanked him and said, "I really benefited a lot. I found it in Baidu. Should it be ok?

2. The only classical Chinese about Confucius is The Analects! Original 1. 1 Confucius said (1): "Learn (2) from time to time (3), not to mention (4)? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know (7) and don't care (8). Is it not a gentleman (9)? " Note (1): In ancient China, the title of respect for men with status and knowledge was sometimes referred to as men.

"Confucius" in The Analects of Confucius refers to Confucius. (2) Learning: The "learning" mentioned by Confucius here mainly refers to learning the traditional cultural classics such as rites, music, poems and books of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

(3) Time habit: During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, the word "time" was used as an adverb, meaning "at a certain time" or "at an appropriate time". However, Zhu interpreted "time" as "constant" in his book The Analects of Confucius.

"Xi" refers to exercises, rituals and music; Comment on poetry and books. It also means review, internship and practice.

(4) Say: the sound of yuè means joy, joy and joy. (5) Have friends: There is a book called Friends and Friends.

The old note said, "friends of the same school", that is, friends studying under the same teacher, that is, like-minded people. (6) Music: different from talking.

The old note said that joy is in the heart and joy is outside. (7) People don't know: This sentence is incomplete, and there is nothing that people don't know.

Missing object. Generally speaking, knowing is understanding.

People don't know, that is, others don't know themselves. (8) Yan: Anger, resentment.

(9) Gentleman: The gentleman in The Analects of Confucius sometimes refers to a virtuous person and sometimes refers to a person. This refers to Confucius' ideal person with noble personality.

Confucius said, "isn't it pleasant to review exercises often after learning?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? I'm not disgusted or angry that people don't understand me. Isn't he also a virtuous gentleman? The original 1.2 wanderer (1) said: "He is also filial to his younger brother (2), but he is easy to offend (3) and thick-skinned (4); It is not easy to make mistakes, but it is easy to make a mess, and it is not there (5). Gentleman's Business Book (6) is based on Tao (7).

Filial piety is also a person's foundation and (8)? Note (1) Youzi: a student of Confucius, whose surname is You and whose name is Ruo, is 13 years younger than Confucius and 33 years younger. The latter is more credible.

In the Analects of Confucius, the recorded Confucius students are generally called "Zi", but only Zeng Shen and You Ruo are called "Zi". So many people think that The Analects of Confucius was written by Zeng Shen and You Ruo.

(2) Filial piety: filial piety is the correct attitude of children towards their parents during the slave society; Brother, the pronunciaTion and meaning are the same as "ti", which is the correct attitude of brother to brother. Filial piety and younger brother are two basic moral norms specially advocated by Confucius and Confucianism.

The old note says: parents are filial when they do good, and brothers are brothers when they do good. (3) Attack: attack, attack, attack.

Up, refers to the person in the upper position. (4) fresh: sound Xi m: n, less meaning.

This is how the word "fresh" is used in The Analects of Confucius. (5) Nothing is also: This is the inverted sentence type of "Nothing is also".

There is a rule in the syntax of ancient Chinese. If the object of a negative sentence is a pronoun, it usually comes before the verb. (6) Service: service, dedication and commitment.

Ben is not at all. (7) Tao: In China's ancient thoughts, Tao has many meanings.

The Tao here refers to the benevolence advocated by Confucius, that is, the whole moral thought system with benevolence as the core and its embodiment in real life. Simply put, it is the basic principle of governing the country and being a man.

(8) Benevolence: Benevolence is the highest category of Confucius' philosophy and a moral principle. Being the foundation of benevolence is the foundation of filial piety.

Another explanation is that the word "benevolence" in ancient times is the word "human", and the foundation of benevolence is the basis of being a man. A son said, "It is rare to be filial to parents, obedient to elder brothers, and like to offend the upper rulers." .

I don't like to offend the upper rulers, but there are no people who like to rebel. When a gentleman is committed to the fundamental things, the truth of governing the country and being a man is established.

Filial piety is the essence of benevolence! "The original 1.3 Confucius said: clever words make color (1), fresh (2) benevolence. Note (1) Clever words and clever colors: Zhu Note: "Good words, good colors, good looks, we must talk about people. "

Both Joe and Ling refer to beautiful women. But this should be interpreted as pretending to be happy.

(2) Fresh: the meaning of less. Confucius said: "If you speak well and pretend to be likable, such people will have no kindness."

The original 1.4 Ceng Zi (1) said: "My three Japanese provinces ② are my body. Cheating for others (3)? Make friends without trust (4)? Can't you learn? " Note (1) Ceng Zi: Ceng Zi, born in 505 BC, is a native of the State of Lu, a descendant of the nobles of the State of Guo who were wiped out by the State of Lu.

Zeng Shen is a proud pupil of Confucius and is famous for his dutiful son. It is said that he wrote the Book of Filial Piety.

(2) Three provinces: province, inspection xǐng inspection. There are several explanations in the three provinces: first, three inspections; The second is to check from three aspects; The third is to check many times.

In fact, in ancient times, adding numbers before verbs with actions meant that there were many actions, which did not have to be recognized as three times. (3) loyalty: the old note said: loyalty.

We should do our best here. (4) letter: the old note says: the believer is sincere.

Believe in honesty. People are required to keep faith with each other according to etiquette rules to adjust the relationship between people.

(5) Pass on without learning: Pass on, and the old note says, "Master Pass on. The teacher taught himself

Learning, like the word "learning while learning", refers to review, practice, exercise and so on. Ceng Zi said, "I have to reflect on myself many times every day. Do I try my best to serve others? Is it honest and trustworthy to associate with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher taught you? " Confucius said, "Tao (1) is a thousand times the country (2). As far as respect (3) is concerned, saving money and loving others (4) makes people timely (5). "

Note (1): A book serves as a guide and a verb. This means governance.

(2) the country of a thousand riders: riding, with the sound of shèng, means car. This refers to the basic units of the ancient army.

Every time you ride in a four-horse chariot, there are 3 military personnel, 72 people beside the chariot and 25 logistics personnel, totaling 100. A thousand chariots country refers to a country with 1000 chariots, that is, a vassal state.

Wars were frequent in the Spring and Autumn Period, so the strength of a country was calculated by the number of vehicles. In the era of Confucius, the country of a thousand riders was no longer a big country.

(3) Respect: The word respect is generally used in table.

3. 10 Confucius' classical poems of China, quick, quick, quick. Confucius said, "It is better to say (yuè) when learning." Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know and don't care (yùn), aren't they gentlemen? "Ceng Zi said," my body in three provinces (xǐng) is unfaithful to others? Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher. Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." "Confucius said," It is ok to teach women what to know! Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is also. Confucius said, "When I saw the sage Si Qi, I looked inward instead of the sage. "Confucius said:" In a threesome, there must be a teacher. Choose the good to follow and change the bad. "Ceng Zi said," Scholars have a long way to go to strive for self-improvement. Isn't it far after death? Confucius said, "When cold comes and summer goes, you will know that pine and cypress are withered." Zi Gong asked, "Who can walk all his life in one sentence? Confucius said, "I forgive you! Do as you would be done by.

4. Is there a saying about Confucius in China Classics: "It's a pleasure to learn from time to time?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Ignorance and dissatisfaction are not gentlemen? "

A Confucius said, "He is also filial to his younger brother, but few people like to make mistakes." It is not easy to make mistakes, but it is not easy to make mistakes. Gentleman's business is based on inheritance and Taoism. Filial piety is also the foundation of benevolence! "

Confucius said, "Clever words make you look good, fresh and kind!"

Ceng Zi said: "I save three times a day: are you unfaithful to others?" Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? "

Confucius said: "One country is a thousand times: respect things and trust, save money and love others, so that the people can keep pace with the times."

Confucius said, "Disciples are filial, and younger brothers are younger. They sincerely believe that they love people all the time, but they are kind. I have spare capacity to study literature. "

Xia Zi said, "A moral person will change his color. Parents can do their best, and gentlemen can bring him to health. He keeps his word to his friends. Although I have not studied, I will call it learning. "

Confucius said, "If a gentleman is not heavy, he will be unable to do his job and learn. Lord is faithful. A man without friends is worse than himself. Don't change it after it. "

Ceng Zi said: "Shen Dao, in the end, people's virtue will grow thicker."

Qin Zi asked Zi Gong, "Master, as for the country, we will hear about its politics and make peace." Depressed? "Zi Gong said," The master is gentle, respectful and frugal, and let him have it. What does the host want and what do others want? "

Confucius said, "My father is here, so I will watch his ambition.": Father didn't, observe his actions; It is filial piety not to change the way of the father for three years. "

A Confucius said, "Harmony is the most precious thing. First, Wang Zhidao is beautiful, and small is big. If you can't do it, then knowing and combining is not feasible. Don't mention it. "

A Confucius said: "The faith is close to righteousness, and the words can be repeated;" Ceremony is close to ceremony, far from shame; Because you don't lose your loved ones, you can still live in it. "

Confucius said: "A gentleman does not want to eat enough, he is prepared for danger in times of peace and is sensitive to things, but he is cautious, honest and clean, which can be said to be studious."

Zi Gong said, "Poor but not flattering, rich but not arrogant?" Confucius said, "Yes. If you are not poor, you will be happy, and those who are rich and courteous will also be. " Zi Gong said: "As the poem says,' sharp as a probe, polished as a mill'." What is its significance? Confucius said, "You give me something, and I can only talk to you about poetry! Tell people who know the past. "

Confucius said, "If you don't suffer from people's ignorance, you don't know people."

The first volume is the second volume.

Confucius said, "Governing the country by virtue is like Beichen, living in its place and surrounded by stars."

Confucius said, "There are 300 poems. In a word, it is' naive thinking'. "

Confucius said: "If the Tao is political, it will be punished and the people will avoid it." : Morality, courtesy, honesty and shame, and qualification. "

Confucius said, "Five out of ten, I am determined to learn; I am thirty years old; Forty without confusion; At the age of fifty, I knew my destiny; I am obedient at the age of sixty; I am still obedient at the age of seventy; I didn't cross the line. "

Meng Wenxiao. Confucius said, "No violation." Fan Chi, his son, told him: "Ask me about filial piety, and I said' no violation'." Fan Chi said, "What is it?" Confucius said, "People are born with courtesy; When you die, you will be buried and sacrificed. "

Meng asked about filial piety. Confucius said, "Parents only worry about their illness."

Ziyou asks filial piety. Confucius said, "Today's filial piety means that it can be raised. As for dogs and horses, both can be kept; Disrespect, why not? "

Ask xiaoxia. Confucius said, "Color is difficult. Have you ever thought that it is filial piety to have a hardworking disciple and a gentleman who eats and drinks? "

Confucius said, "I talk back to you all day, and I am not a fool." It's enough to retire and keep your privacy. Keiya,

Not stupid. "

Confucius said, "Look at what it is, look at what it is, and look at its safety. What about people? People are embarrassed? "

Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher."

Confucius said, "A gentleman is useless."

Zi Gong asked the gentleman. Confucius said, "Speak first, then do it."

Confucius said, "The week of gentlemen is incomparable, and the week of villains is incomparable."

Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous."

Confucius said, "If you attack heresy, you will be harmed!"

Confucius said, "By! What do you know about teaching women? Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing. "

Zhang Zixue Gan Lu Confucius said, "If you hear more doubts, if you are cautious about the rest, you will be rare." If you see more dangers, if you are cautious about the rest, you will regret it. If you don't say anything, you will regret it, and Lu is one of them. "

Aigong asked, "What is the uniform?" Confucius said to him, "Answer all right and wrong directly and obey.": * * * refuses to accept the mistake. "

Ji Kangzi asked, "What about persuading people to respect loyalty?" Confucius said, "If you are near, you will respect Zhuang; When you are filial, you should be loyal; If you can't teach, you must persuade. "

Or Confucius said, "Zi Xi is not a politician?" Confucius said, "The book says that filial piety is filial piety, brotherly friendship and administrative affairs." Is it also the government, and it is the government? "

Confucius said, "People without faith don't know what they can do. If there is no cart, what can it do? "

Zhang Zi asked, "Do you know the tenth generation?" Confucius said: "Yin gains and loses, because, so you can know; Zhou's gains and losses are also well known; Its successor or successor, though immortal, is also known. "

Confucius said, "Unless it's a ghost, it's not worth offering. Seeing righteousness is not for it, and there is no courage. "

5. Who knows that the ancient prose about Confucius is best to be simple, sensitive and studious, and I am not ashamed to ask my grandfather to be the fifth generation, and I am not ashamed to ask the original text Zigong to ask Japan: "Why is Confucius called Wen?" Confucius said, "I am quick and eager to learn, but I am not ashamed to ask, so I call it' Wen'." Note (1) Wei doctor Kong Wenzi, named Kong, posthumous title' Wen'. 2 sensitive and diligent. (3) ask questions, ask questions down. Gong, the translator, asked, "Why is Confucius called Wen? Confucius replied: "He is diligent and eager to learn, and he is not ashamed to ask people who are inferior to himself, so he is called' Wen'. "Ancient monarchs, ministers, nobles, after death, according to their life stories, give them a title, called" division ",and the title is also called posthumous title. For the name "Wen", Zi Gong in Yi Shi Fa Jie raised questions, and Confucius replied: "Be sensitive and eager to learn, and don't be ashamed to ask questions." In fact, that is to say, "be diligent and curious." "It can be seen that Confucius' answer is well-founded and not taken for granted. Looking back, it seems that it is easier for ordinary people to learn and not be ashamed to ask questions. Learning quickly and being eager to learn is nothing more than being smart and diligent. Typical examples in this regard are "stealing the light from the wall", "fireflies reflecting snow" and even "hanging the beam over the head and stabbing the butt of the gun". But a clear conscience means asking people who are not as good as yourself. This is not only a question of learning well, but also a question of self-esteem and vanity. Human nature is often so incredible. It seems that there is nothing to be ashamed of asking a respected person, a powerful person and a well-informed person for advice. Once, on the other hand, asking for advice from a respected person is self-abased, asking for advice from a capable person is weak, and asking for advice from a knowledgeable person is embarrassing. If you are a teacher, if you are an official in class, try it: ask your students and teach from your subordinate village. Don't hum hahaha-put the topic of teaching in the tone of inquiry. That's hard. Therefore, although "a clear conscience" is something we often talk about, it is really a bit challenging to put it into practice.

6. Confucius' classical Chinese is The Analects of Confucius.

Confucius said, "It's better to keep pace with the times, isn't it? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Ignorance and dissatisfaction are not gentlemen? "