1. Common knowledge of Chinese studies that children must know
Enrich children’s knowledge of Chinese studies
In children’s Chinese knowledge examination, basic Chinese knowledge is an important In the study of Chinese classics, children will accumulate and summarize a lot of Chinese traditional knowledge. Through the study of this knowledge, children can enrich their common knowledge of Chinese traditional studies and easily cope with the Chinese traditional studies examination part. .
Improve children's thinking ability
Children's learning of Chinese traditional culture knowledge is very helpful for the development of children's thinking ability, allowing children to use Chinese traditional culture texts to develop their imagination Wings realize dual thinking in vision and brain, ensuring that children's thinking is more flexible and allowing children's thinking ability to continue to improve. Thinking ability is the core factor in children's intellectual development. The improvement of children's thinking ability will inevitably help the learning of other subjects.
Cultivate children's interest in reading
When children learn Chinese traditional culture, reciting Chinese traditional culture is an important part. Children will gradually develop reading through long-term recitation. The formation of this good habit will make children more active in reading in their study life, bring them a better reading life experience, and make children's reading and learning more interesting.
Children learning Chinese studies can bring many benefits to the children. In short, it is beneficial but not detrimental to children's learning. Therefore, if possible, parents should encourage their children to learn Chinese studies.
2. Chinese Studies Knowledge
Chinese Studies emerged in the early 20th century and flourished in the 1920s. In the 1980s, there was a "root-seeking" craze, and in the 1990s "Chinese Studies" The popularity has re-emerged since then, and it is nothing but the reflection and face-up of traditional culture by today's people.
Today, it is the repositioning of traditional culture in today's multicultural China and even the world. The theory of "Chinese Studies" originated from the historical period of the spread of Western learning to the east and cultural transformation.
As for the definition of Chinese studies, strictly speaking, so far, the academic community has not given us a unified and clear definition. Famous experts have different opinions and cannot agree on one thing.
It is generally said that Deng Shi, a quintessence of Chinese scholar, wrote in 1906: "Who are the scholars of Chinese culture? The learning belongs to a country. Where there is land, people are born on it, so they can build a country. Those who have their own country have their own country."
Those who learn from a country should learn it for the benefit of the country and govern their own country." ("Guoxue Lecture Notes", "Chinese Journal of Chinese Culture" No. 19) Mr. Deng's concept of Chinese studies. It is very broad, but it mainly emphasizes the practicality of Chinese studies.
Generally speaking, Guoxue refers to traditional Chinese culture and academics with Confucianism as the main body. Since Chinese studies are traditional Chinese culture and academics, they undoubtedly also include medicine, drama, calligraphy and painting, astrology, numerology, etc. These of course belong to the category of Chinese studies, but they can also be said to be extensions of Chinese studies.
Chinese studies are divided into disciplines, which should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, textual criticism, ethics, editions, etc. Among them, Confucian philosophy is the mainstream; They are the pre-Qin scholars, Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Confucianism runs through and dominates the history of Chinese thought, and the others have a subordinate status. Chinese studies are divided into the "Sikuquanshu" and should be divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi, and Ji. However, Jing and Zi Department is the most important, especially the sutra department. "Sikuquanshu" is the largest series of books in ancient China. It was compiled during the Qianlong period and was completed by first-class scholars such as Ji Xiaolan, Wang Niansun, and Dai Zhen at that time.
"Siku" refers to the four volumes of Jing, Shi, Zi, and Ji, and "Quan Shu" refers to the complete collection. The Chinese traditional culture education for children can be divided into three stages: (1) From the age of four or five, children recite "Thousand-Character Classic", "Three-Character Classic" and "Hundred Family Surnames".
Recite some easy-to-understand Tang poetry and Song lyrics. (2) Recite "The Analects of Confucius", "Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean", and "Mencius".
(3) After accumulating a certain amount of Chinese characters, read classics. The improvement of Chinese culture literacy is a subtle process.
3. What are the common sense of traditional Chinese culture?
Five internal organs: heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, six internal organs, stomach, gallbladder, triple burner, bladder, large intestine, small intestine; seven emotions: happiness, anger, sadness, Joy, love, evil, desire, the five constant virtues of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faith, the five moral principles of monarch and ministers, father and son, brothers, husband and wife, friends, three nuns, Taoist nuns, Gua nuns, six pos, Yapo, matchmaker, master, pious mother, and medicine woman. , great-great-grandson, great-grandson, grandson, son, body, father, grandfather, great-grandfather, great-great-grandfather Five grains: rice, millet, millet, wheat, and beans. The eight major Chinese cuisines are Sichuan cuisine, Hunan cuisine, Shandong cuisine, Jiangsu cuisine, and Zhejiang cuisine. , Guangdong cuisine, Fujian cuisine, and Anhui cuisine. Five poisons: gallstone, cinnabar, realgar, vitriol, and cishi. Seven prescriptions: generous, small, slow, urgent, odd, even, and compound. Five-color green, yellow, and red. , White, Black Wuyin Palace, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, Yu Qibao Gold, Silver, Glaze, Coral, Tridacna, Pearl, Agate Jiugong Zhenggong, Zhonglu Palace, Nanlu Palace, Xianlu Palace, Huangzhong Palace, Damian Diao, The four famous porcelain kilns are Shuang Tiao, Shang Tiao and Yue Tiao, including painting, music, sculpture, drama, literature, architecture and movies. The four famous porcelain kilns are Cizhou Kiln in Hebei Province, Longquan Kiln in Zhejiang Province, Jingdezhen Kiln in Jiangxi Province and Dehua Kiln in Fujian Province. Dan Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, Xun Huisheng, six ritual crowns, weddings, funerals, sacrifices, country drinking, meeting, six arts and rituals, music, shooting, imperialism, calligraphy, counting, six meanings, wind, Fu, Bi, Xing, Ya, praise the Eight Banners with yellow, true yellow, white, true white, red, red, blue, blue. Disharmony, unrighteousness, and civil strife. The nine schools of Confucianism, Taoism, Yin-Yang School, Legalism, Famous School, Mohism, Strategists, Miscellaneous Schools, and Farmers. The three mountains are Huangshan in Anhui, Lushan in Jiangxi, and Yandang Mountain in Zhejiang. Ridge, Qitian Ridge, Dayuling Five Mountains [Zhongyue] Songshan in Henan, [Dongyue] Taishan in Shandong, [Xiyue] Huashan in Shaanxi, [Nanyue] Hengshan in Hunan, [Beiyue] Hengshan in Shanxi Five Lakes Poyang Lake [Jiangxi], Dongting Lake 〖Hunan〗, Taihu Lake〖Jiangsu〗, Hongze Lake〖Jiangsu〗, Chaohu〖Anhui〗 The four famous bridges are the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Zhaozhou Bridge (Shijiazhuang, Hebei), Guangji Bridge, Luoyang Bridge and Marco Polo Bridge are the four famous bridges. The Summer Palace [Beijing], the Summer Resort [Chengde, Hebei], the Humble Administrator's Garden [Suzhou, Jiangsu], the Lingering Garden [Suzhou, Jiangsu], the four famous temples: Lingyan Temple [Changqing, Shandong], Guoqing Temple [Tiantai, Zhejiang], Yuquan Temple [Hubei] Jiangling〗, Qixia Temple〖Nanjing, Jiangsu〗 Four famous towers, Yueyang Tower〖Yueyang, Hunan〗, Yellow Crane Tower〖Wuhan, Hubei〗, Tengwang Pavilion〖Nanchang, Jiangsu〗, Daguan Tower〖Kunming, Yunnan〗 Four famous pavilions, Zuiweng Pavilion〖Chu County, Anhui〗, Taoranting [Beijing Xiannongtan], Aiwanting [Changsha, Hunan], Huxinting [West Lake, Hangzhou], the four ancient towns Jingdezhen [Jiangxi], Foshan Town [Guangdong], Hankou Town [Hubei], Zhuxian Town [Henan] The four major forest of steles are the Forest of Steles in Xi'an [Xi'an, Shaanxi], the Forest of Confucius Temple [Qufu, Shandong], the Forest of Earthquake Steles [Xichang, Sichuan], the South Gate Forest of Steles [Kaohsiung, Taiwan], the four famous pagodas Songyue Temple Tower [Songyue Temple, Dengfeng, Henan], and Feihong Pagoda. [Guangsheng Temple in Hongdong, Shanxi], Sakyamuni Pagoda [Fogong Temple in Yingxian, Shanxi], Qianxun Pagoda [Chongsheng Temple in Dali, Yunnan], the four major grottoes, Mogao Grottoes [Dunhuang, Gansu], Yungang Grottoes [Datong, Shanxi], Longmen Grottoes [Luoyang, Henan], Maijishan Grottoes [Tianshui, Gansu] Four major academies: Bailudong Academy [Lushan, Jiangxi], Yuelu Academy [Changsha, Hunan], Songyang Academy [Songshan, Henan], Yingtian Academy [Shangqiu, Henan] Four The famous Buddhist mountains of Putuo Mountain in Zhejiang are "Guanyin Bodhisattva", Wutai Mountain in Shanxi are "Manjusri Bodhisattva", Mount Emei in Sichuan are "Samantabhadra Bodhisattva", and Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui are "Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva". The four famous Buddhist mountains are Wudang Mountain in Hubei, Longhu Mountain in Jiangxi and Qiyun Mountain in Anhui. , Sichuan Qingcheng Mountain Five Elements Gold, Wood, Water, Fire, Earth Bagua Qian〖Heaven〗, Kun〖Earth〗, Zhen〖Thunder〗, Xun〖Wind〗, Kan〖Water〗, Li〖Fire〗, Gen〖Mountain〗, Dui 〖Marg〗 The eight-character "eight characters" are also called the four pillars (year pillar, month pillar, day pillar, hour pillar). Each pillar has two characters, with the heavenly stems (A, B, C, D, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, Gui), and the following are the Earthly Branches (Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai). There are exactly eight characters, so they are called "Bazi".
There are five versions of the Three Emperors: Fuxi, Nuwa, and Shennong. Yandi, Huangdi, Shaohao, Zhuanxu④Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Yao, Shun⑤Huangdi, Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Ku, Yao. Among them, the third version is the most popular, which means the gods in the five directions of east, west, south, north, and middle. Taihao in the east, Emperor Yan in the south, Shaohao in the west, Zhuanxu in the north, and Huangdi in the center.
Three religions: Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Three Qing Dynasties: Yuanshi Tianzun [Qingwei Tianyu Qingjing], Lingbao Tianzun [Yuyu Tianshangqingjing], Daode Tianzun [Dachitian Taiqingjing], and the Four Yu Haotian Golden Tower Supreme Supreme. The Jade Emperor, the Zhongtian Ziwei North Pole Emperor, the Gouchen Shanggong Tianhou Emperor, the Chengtian Imitation Tuhuang Earth Eight Immortals Tieguaili, Han Zhongli, Zhang Guolao, Lu Dongbin, He Xiangu, Lan Caihe, Han Xiangzi, Cao Guo Uncle Eighteen Arhats: Bag Bag Arhat, Long-Eyebrow Arhat, Banana Arhat, Meditating Arhat, Crouching Tiger Arhat, Crossing the River Arhat, Joyful Arhat, Subduing Dragon Arhat, *** Arhat, Raising Bowl Arhat, Happy Arhat, Gatekeeper Arhat, Riding an Elephant Arhat, The Eighteen Levels of Hell [First Level] Mud Plow Hell, [Second Level] Knife Mountain Hell, [Third Level] Boiling Sand Hell, [Fourth Level] Boiling Shit Hell, [Fifth Level] Black Body Hell, [Sixth Level] Train Hell, [Seventh Level] Wok Soup Hell, [Eighth Level] Iron Bed Hell, [Ninth Level] Cover Mountain Hell, [Tenth Level] Ice Hell, [Eleventh Level] Skinning Hell, [Twelfth Level] Animal Hell, [Thirteenth Level] Weapon Hell, [Fourteenth Level] Iron Grinding Hell, [ The Fifteenth Level] Hell of Punishment, [The Sixteenth Level] Iron Books Hell, [The Seventeenth Level] Maggot Hell, [The Eighteenth Level] The Bronze Hell. Four famous embroideries are Su embroidery [Suzhou], Hunan embroidery [Hunan], and Shu embroidery. 〖Sichuan〗, Guangxiu〖Guangdong〗 The four famous fans are sandalwood fan〖Jiangsu〗, fire painting fan〖Guangdong〗,.
4. A collection of famous Chinese sayings
100 classic Chinese sayings 1. Heaven moves vigorously, and a gentleman strives to constantly strive for self-improvement.
-- "Book of Changes" Translation: As a gentleman, you should have a strong will, an endless spirit of struggle, strive to strengthen self-cultivation, complete and develop your own studies or career, and this is reflected in your ability to do so. The will of Heaven will live up to the responsibilities and talents given to a gentleman by the universe. 2. Don’t do evil because it’s small, and don’t do good because it’s small.
-- "Three Kingdoms" Translation by Liu Bei: Don't do anything just because it is a small, inconspicuous bad thing; on the contrary, do something small. Don't do something good that benefits others just because it doesn't mean much.
3. Seeing good is like falling short, seeing bad is like exploring the soup. - "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: When you see a good person, you are afraid that it will be too late to learn from him; when you see a good thing, you are afraid that it will be too late and you will not be able to do it.
When you see evil people or bad things, it is like coming into contact with hot water. You should leave immediately and stay away. 4. If you are generous to yourself but do not blame others, you will be far away from resentment.
-- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: Those who work hard and take the main responsibility for mistakes are "self-benevolent", and being more understanding and tolerant to others are "sparing responsibility for others". In this case , there will be no resentment towards each other. 5. The beauty of a gentleman is the beauty of being an adult, and the evil of being a gentleman is not.
The villain is on the contrary. -- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: A gentleman always starts from the desire to be kind or beneficial to others, and wholeheartedly promotes others to realize their good intentions and legitimate requirements, and does not look at the world with cold eyes.
Or because they are afraid that the world will not be chaotic, they will not add fuel to the fire when others have failures, mistakes, or pain. Villains, on the contrary, are always "evil as adults but not beautiful as adults".
6. When you see a virtuous person, think about them, and when you see a virtuous person, you should reflect on yourself. - "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: When you see someone who has strengths and advantages that exceed your own in a certain aspect, humbly ask for advice, study hard, and find ways to catch up with him and reach the same level as him; when you see someone with certain shortcomings or deficiencies, You should calmly reflect and see if you have the same shortcomings or shortcomings as him.
7. Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you. -- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: If you don't want it (pain, disaster, misfortune...), don't impose it on others.
8. Do your duty and do not give in to the teacher. - "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: When you encounter a good thing that you should do, you should not hesitate. Even if the teacher is nearby, you should rush to do it.
Later developed into the idiom "do your duty without giving in". 9. A gentleman wants to be slow in words but quick in deeds.
-- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: A gentleman does not talk too much, but he does things quickly and dexterously. 10. When two people are of the same mind, their sharpness is as sharp as gold; when two people are of the same mind, their stench is as bad as orchid.
-- "Book of Changes" Translation: People who work together are strong enough to break hard metal; people who work together express unanimous opinions and are persuasive, and people feel like they smell the fragrance. The orchid fragrance is easy to accept. 11. A gentleman hides his weapon in his body and waits for the time to move.
-- "Book of Changes" Translation: Even if a gentleman has outstanding talents and extraordinary skills, he will not show off or show off everywhere. Rather, it is about putting talents or skills to use when necessary.
12. If you are full, you will suffer losses, but if you are modest, you will benefit. -- "Shang Shu" Translation: Being complacent with your achievements will lead to losses and disasters; being humble and always aware of your own shortcomings will benefit you.
13. Isn’t it a gentleman who doesn’t know something but doesn’t feel embarrassed? - "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: If I have achieved something and others don't understand it, I will never feel angry or aggrieved. Isn't this also a sign of gentlemanly demeanor? 14. Be true to your word and bear fruit in your deeds.
-- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: You must keep your word when you say something; when you decide what you want to do, you must do it resolutely and courageously.
15. No intention, no necessity, no solidity, no me.
-- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: Speak the facts, don't make assumptions out of thin air; don't be arbitrary or willful when things happen; do whatever is feasible; be flexible in doing things, not rigid; don't take "I" as the center in everything, don't Self-righteous, work together with the people around you to complete the task together. 16. When three people walk together, they must have a teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones.
-- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: When three people are together, there must be someone among them who is worthy of my learning in some way, then he can be my teacher. I choose his strengths to learn from, and I will learn from his shortcomings and shortcomings and correct them.
17. A gentleman seeks everything from himself, while a villain seeks everything from others. -- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: A gentleman always blames himself, looking for shortcomings and problems within himself.
Villains often look at others and look for their shortcomings and shortcomings. 18. A gentleman is magnanimous, but a villain is always concerned.
-- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: A gentleman is open-minded, frank and clean in his thoughts, and his appearance and movements appear to be very comfortable and stable. The villain has too many desires in his heart and a heavy psychological burden. He is often worried and worried. His appearance and movements also appear uneasy, and he often seems to be unable to sit or stand firmly.
19. Don’t blame God or blame others. - "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: When encountering setbacks and failures, never make excuses from an objective perspective, and never push the responsibility to others. Later it developed into the idiom "blame everything but others".
20. Don’t show off your anger and never make mistakes. -- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: If you make a mistake, don't take it out on others, and don't make it a second time. )
21. A little impatience will mess up a big plan. -- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: Even if you really want to do something you shouldn't do, but insisting on not doing it is called "forbearance".
Being intolerant of small things will affect the overall situation and ruin big things. 22. Even the villain’s faults must be punished.
-- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: A villain must cover up his faults. 23. Making mistakes without correcting them is called making mistakes.
-- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: If you make a mistake and do not correct it, this is a real mistake. 24. A gentleman should stick to his roots, and the Tao will come from his roots.
-- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: A gentleman devotes himself to the fundamentals and establishes the fundamentals, and "Tao" will naturally arise. 25. A gentleman is ashamed of his words rather than his actions.
-- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: A gentleman thinks that it is shameful to talk too much and do too little. 26. Think before you act.
-- "The Analects of Confucius" Translation: Everything you do must be done after repeated consideration. 27. Those who do many injustices will surely die.
-- "Zuo Zhuan" Translation: If you do too many bad things, you will eventually destroy yourself. 28. No one has any faults, and there is no greater good than being able to correct them.
-- "Zuo Zhuan" Translation: Everyone may make mistakes, and if he makes mistakes, he will still be the best person as long as he corrects them. 29. Don’t cover up your great virtue with a single glance.
-- "Zuo Zhuan" Translation: When evaluating a person, one cannot erase his merit just because of a slight mistake. 30. If a person can do something with one thing, he can do it with a hundred things; if a person can do it with ten things, he can do it with a thousand things.
-- "The Doctrine of the Mean" Translation: People learn it once and for all, but if I try hard hundreds of times, I will definitely learn it. What others can master ten times, if I can learn it a thousand times,.
5. Excerpt 200 words from a good paragraph on Chinese studies, 15 articles
1. My life has a limit, but my knowledge also has no limit. If there is a limit, then there is no limit, it is almost gone; if you know it already, it is almost gone.
Our lives are limited, but knowledge is infinite. If we want to use our limited life to pursue infinite knowledge, we will feel very tired; in this case, we have to keep pursuing knowledge, It will make you even more tired!
2. Those who are famous are the means of conflict; those who know them are the tools of competition. The murder weapons of the two are not so effective.
Fame is the reason for mutual strife; wisdom is the means of mutual struggle. The two are deadly weapons and cannot be used in full force.
3. If there is a way in the world, a saint will be born; if there is no way in the world, a saint will be born. When he is released today, he will only be exempted from punishment. Blessings are as light as a feather, no one knows how to do it; misfortunes are as light as a feather, no one knows how to avoid them.
If there is a way in the world, a saint can achieve great things; if there is no way in the world, a saint can only save his life. In this day and age, one can only avoid execution. Happiness is as light as a feather, I don't know how to bear it; disaster is as heavy as the earth, I don't know how to avoid it.
4. Everyone knows the useful uses, but no one knows the useless ones.
People all know the use of usefulness, but they do not understand the greater use of uselessness.
5. When the spring dries up, the fish and the fish are on land. They interact with each other with moisture and wet each other with foam. It is better to forget each other in the rivers and lakes.
The spring water has dried up, and the fish are trapped on the land, blowing the blisters on each other's gills, and splashing the remaining spring water on each other; this situation is certainly very touching, but it is better to swim in the rivers and lakes and forget about each other's existence . This is a reflection of the pursuit of freedom.
6. Husband’s big piece carries me to form, helps me to live, leaves me to grow old, and rests me to die. Therefore, those who live well will die well.
Nature gave me a body, used life to make me work, used old age to make me free, and used death to make me rest. Therefore, whoever praises my survival also praises my death.
7. Therefore, Zhi’s disciples asked Yu Zhi, “Does a thief also have a way?” Zhi said, “What’s the right thing but there is no way? You mistakenly think that what is hidden in the room is holy. Enter first. , bravery; coming out, righteousness; knowing whether it is possible or not; sharing equally, benevolence. If you are not prepared for the five, you will become a great thief, and the world will be wild."
So the disciples of Robber Zhi asked Robber Zhi. Said: "Is there a law for being a big thief?" Thief Zhi replied: "How can there be no law no matter where you are? Guessing how much money is stored in the house out of thin air is smart; the one who leads Si'an into the house is brave; the one who finally exits The one who keeps the house in mind is righteousness; the one who decides whether to act according to the circumstances is wisdom; the one who divides the spoils equally is benevolence. There will never be anyone in the world who does not possess these five and becomes a great thief.
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