However, due to the ever-changing ideas of the author, and the differences in writing content, intention and expression central idea, the clue arrangement of prose is also varied. This requires us to seize the clues, pay attention to different texts and adopt different methods:
one
In many essays about people's notes and travel notes, there are often some words to express the transformation of time and space. If students associate these words when reading, they can understand and grasp the clues of the article. For example, in Zhu De's Memories of My Mother, there are many words indicating time: from the time I can remember, to four or five years old, to eight or nine years old, 1895, 1900,1908,65438. With the passage of time, many things that show mother's excellent moral character are presented to readers one by one, which shows that this article is organized with time as a clue. Another example is the Peach Blossom Garden, in which there are many words to indicate the position and orientation: by the stream → suddenly meet the peach blossom forest → go back → get a mountain →? Word of mouth → more lines and ten steps → out? Help build roads → and go down to the county seat →? Find what you want → get lost and never find your way. This different place shows the transformation of space, which leads to rich and colorful narrative content, from which we can draw the clue of this paper: fisherman's trip
two
Many narratives and lyric articles often take a specific thing or symbolic thing as a clue to highlight the central idea of the article. For example, "Remember a Spinning Wheel" begins with remembering a spinning wheel used in Yan 'an, and then writes the reasons for missing the spinning wheel from three aspects: the spinning wheel ensures "ample food and clothing" and persists in the war of resistance; Spinning is also a very interesting life; Spinning has profoundly changed everyone's thoughts and feelings; Finally, I miss the spinning wheel and point out the main idea of the article. In this way, the article takes "a spinning wheel" as a clue to classify things related to spinning wheels.
three
When reading, students can recognize and grasp clues through lyric sentences or meaningful things that appear repeatedly in the article. This kind of clue is often used in lyric and narrative prose. Such as "praise poplar", "I praise poplar" and "what an extraordinary tree". It has appeared four or five times repeatedly in the article. Based on this, the author writes people from trees, and the feelings of praise are as deep as one layer, wave after wave, from storage to surge, with the clue of "praising extraordinary poplars", like a string of pearls, connected into a touching artistic whole.
four
The three reading methods mentioned above are easy to master because of obvious external signs, while emotional clues are often hidden in narrative content, which requires students to carefully analyze the internal relations between materials, clarify the trajectory of emotional development and change, and thus derive clues to the article. For example, "litchi honey", the article begins with "I was stung by bees when I was a child, but" I never liked bees "; Then I wrote that I was "unmoved" because I saw the litchi forest and drank litchi honey. I wanted to see the bees. When I visited the beekeeping farm and learned about the selfless work and dedication of bees, I "couldn't help shivering" and I was sincerely amazed at the bees; Finally, I dreamed that I became a little bee. As a result, "line" was guided by emotion, and "line" was woven repeatedly, forming a beautiful prose. Take the "line" trace because of things. Space-time connection "line"
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We can sort out the clues of my feelings for bees: I don't like them very much → I yearn for them → I worship them → I praise them → I study them.
Question 2: The common clues in narrative are time clues, space clues, the whereabouts or fate of characters, the development of events, the development and changes of objects and characters' thoughts and feelings, etc.
Human line: that is, taking the knowledge and feelings of clues as clues.
Event line: follow the development process of things as a clue.
Object line: according to the changing state of the object as a clue.
Love line: Take the emotional changes of characters as clues.
Question 3: How many clues are there in the article? How to find it? Argumentation methods include factual argument, logical argument, comparative argument, analogy argument, inductive argument, deductive argument, causal argument, figurative argument and so on.
There are four main types used.
(A) demonstration methods
Argumentation method: referred to as example method, it is a method to prove the correctness of views by citing some facts according to needs. The facts are required to be sufficient, conclusive and representative.
(B) cited argument method
Citation and argumentation: citation for short refers to citing correct scientific principles, incisive opinions in Marxist classics, famous sayings and aphorisms in ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, and universally recognized theorem formulas to prove arguments.
(3) Metaphorical argument
Metaphorical argument: Metaphorical argument for short, people use familiar things as metaphors to prove their views.
(4) Comparative demonstration method
Comparative argument: a method of proving an argument by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of a thing or its advantages and disadvantages.
Narrative order:
The order of narration can generally be divided into three types: direct narration, flashback and interpolation.
Sequential narration is the most commonly used and basic narrative writing method, which generally refers to narration according to the time sequence of events. Using this method, the level of the article can be basically consistent with the development process of the event, and it is easy to describe the event with a clear context. The methods of sequential narration can be divided into the following categories: First, narration is completely chronological.
The second is to describe events in the order of location conversion.
The third is to describe the events in the order of their internal logical connections.
Flashback means that according to the needs of expression, the ending or the most prominent fragment of the event is described in front, and then the event is described from the beginning according to the original development order. Flashback can enhance the vividness of the article and make it fascinating.
Interpolation refers to temporarily interrupting the narrative clue, inserting a paragraph related to the main plot, and then narrating the original content in the process of narrating the central event in order to help unfold the plot or portray the characters.
Description method:
(1) example. Cite practical examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This interpretation method is called example method.
(2) classification. According to certain standards, the interpreted objects are divided into different categories and explained one by one. This method of explanation is called classification.
Classification is an important way to clarify complex things.
When using classification methods, we should pay attention to the classification standards, and only one standard can be used at a time to avoid overlapping.
(3) Column data. In order to make the things to be explained concrete, you can also use the method of column data to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate.
(4) Make a comparison. Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison.
When comparing, you can compare things in the same category, things in different categories, things can be compared horizontally or vertically.
(5) draw a chart. In order to explain complex things clearly, we can also use charts to make up for the lack of simple words and explain some things more directly and concretely.
(6) definition. Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.
When defining, we can consider it from different angles according to the purpose of description.
(7) interpretation. Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics.
Definition and explanation often adopt the language form of "what is so-and-so". The form is the same, how to distinguish it? Generally speaking, the words on both sides of the word "yes" are interchangeable, which is the definition; If it is not interchangeable, it is interpretation.
(8) For example. Using the similarity between two different things to compare, highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy.
The interpretation method of metaphor in explanatory text is consistent with that in rhetoric. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate.
(9) imitation. In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate appearance, which is called imitating appearance ...
Question 4: Narrative based on concrete things is only beneficial to mothers all over the world ... "This is a popular song in the world > Yes, only mothers are good in the world. My mother's love for me is like a warm snow, which is irreplaceable. My mother, like a big fairy, brought me light, but deprived me of my troubles and pains and let myself "enjoy"; My mother is like a rainbow fairy who loves people. She brought me success and sunshine, but blocked failure and wind and rain to bear. My mother is also like a selfless nanny, taking my affairs and my burden away and letting herself carry it ... In short, my mother is like a lucky goddess, giving me happiness, success and relaxation, but holding sadness, failure and burden in her own hands. Ah, mother and son are a gust of wind that blows away bad luck and brings good luck. I love my mother, but my mother loves me more. On a snowy day, the ground freezes three feet, making it harsh for people to walk on it. If you are not careful, you will fall down and eat shit. At that time, school was over at noon, and I remember I was only in grade one. Our class walked out of the school gate with biting northwest wind and biting snow. The ground is particularly slippery, as if it had been oiled. I'm afraid of slipping and walking carefully. Suddenly, I heard it. Mom! " I cried with excitement. My mother smiled happily. I saw a layer of snow on my mother's head, and a smile appeared on her anxious face. The snow seems to have been melted by my family. I asked curiously, "Mom, why are you here?" Mother winked mischievously and said, "We have a companion when we walk together, aren't we afraid of falling?" I believe that I am proud to say, "I am not afraid, let me protect you!" " "So, when my mother and I helped to go home, I realized that my mother was afraid that I would slip when I went home alone, not afraid that I would fall. For me, my mother has been eroded by snow for twenty minutes, but I am so naive. Now, when we open our eyes and look at the past, we have different views. My mother's affection for me is also growing day by day, and her love for me is beyond words. Motherly love is like a warm snow. Moistening things silently, the wind silently, blowing the earth green; Love, silence, moistens the soul. I used to think that my father was a slow person. When I was a child, my mother accompanied me when flying kites, and my father picked up kites. Learning to ride a bike, my mother helped me fall down, and my father stood by and called me up to continue. When I was a child, I was in trouble. It was my father who hit me and my mother who gave me the medicine. It was my mother who gave me a birthday party and blew out the candles with me. It is my father who blows balloons for me. Finger infection, when I went to the hospital to pull out my broken nails, my mother held me trembling slightly and repeatedly told me not to be afraid. It was my father who was held tightly by me without saying a word. ..... because my father couldn't express his feelings, or ... I began to look for answers with my heart. Every time, there is something wrong with my bike. The next day, it was repaired and polished. Afterwards, I learned that my father did it. I always put a sharpened pencil on the desk the morning before every exam. Afterwards, I learned that my father did it. Every time I get angry about a sudden trip, the TV screen always lights up. I know, it was my father. Every time I come home from school, I can almost eat hot meals. I know, my father made it. The file on the desk was put by my father. The beloved alarm clock at the bedside was repaired by my father. The mark on the wall of the hut was erased by my father. ..... Suddenly, I realized that it was not my father's "dullness" but my stupidity. I didn't realize the warmth behind silence! Light is silent and illuminates the earth; Love is silent and warms the heart. Fatherly love, speechless. Mother-child affection (Susan Wang, Grade Two, Haigang Middle School) is an eternal theme. It is this kind of affection that blood is thicker than water that accompanied us through every unforgettable day and wrote our colorful life. Through the window of history, I peep, I see my family, and I see stories about the past, the present and the future. More than a hundred years ago, thunderstorms, downpours and strong winds roared past ... >>
? "Only when we know the joy of people's life in a country can we really understand this country, just as we can really understand this person only