Machiavelli (1469- 1527) is an Italian politician and historian, who is famous for advocating that you can do whatever it takes to achieve your goals. Machiavellianism has also become synonymous with politics and strategy. Usually divided into high machiavellianism and low machiavellianism. Machiavellian individuals attach importance to the actual results and keep emotional distance, thinking that the results can justify the means. A large number of studies have explored the relationship between machiavellianism and behavioral outcomes. High-powered people are more willing to manipulate others and win more benefits than low-powered people, and it is more difficult to be persuaded by others. They are more about persuading others. But these results are also regulated by situational factors. Machiavelli believes that human beings are stupid and always have the desire to fill their dissatisfaction and the inflated ambition; Always influenced by interests, seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages, selfish. Therefore, altruism and justice do not exist, and doing good deeds occasionally is just a disguise to win fame and fortune. People are "ungrateful, contradictory, deceitful, pretending to be good people, self-destructive and greedy"; Even the best people are prone to corruption, because doing evil is more beneficial to themselves and telling lies is more pleasing to others. The people have the nature to submit to power, and the monarch needs cruelty, not love. One should choose a lion and a fox among wild animals, as cruel as a lion and as cunning as a fox. The monarch might as well get used to doing evil without worrying about being accused of cruelty; Compassion is dangerous, and human love is enough to destroy the country. Machiavelli has a famous saying: "As long as the purpose is correct, you can do whatever it takes". Machiavelli also pointed out that it is better to be feared than to be loved. "It is safer for a monarch to be feared than loved." But sometimes people need to be convinced that the monarch is a "person who combines beauty and virtue", that is to say, the ruler should show his love for the people and be kind and generous in public. Punishing others should be done by others. In the end, you can blame others and find scapegoats to avoid being condemned by the people. Reward others to come forward in person, and don't let subordinates be selfish. Give kindness to people bit by bit, so that they have hope; Give someone a punch and kill him, leaving him without the possibility of revenge. The monarch should keep a straight face at ordinary times and pretend that he doesn't know anything to avoid letting his subordinates know himself, but he knows his subordinates' hearts like the back of his hand, manipulating him at any time and using the power of war. Machiavelli believed that the monarch should absolutely control the well-armed and high-quality army. "Anyone who has his own well-equipped army will find that no matter how sudden the situation is, he is always in a favorable position." Also, in order to maintain the autonomy of power, the monarch must never trust anyone; Don't confide in others, don't expect others to be honest with you, and don't tie your destiny to others. Jun can mainly bear the suffering of loneliness. "The most dangerous thing is people with the same temperament." Therefore, it is necessary to doubt everyone, organize spying, snare partisans and exclude dissidents, and set up functions and powers to contain each other. In short, in order to maintain the status of the monarch, any means are allowed. Machiavellianism is a derogatory term in the west and a cultural tributary of heresy. Once someone is labeled as a Machiavellian, his reputation will be ruined. Nixon was called "Machiavelli" because of conspiracy such as "Watergate Incident", and his political status plummeted, becoming one of the "worst" three presidents in American history.