Dai Shulun (732-789), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Jintan, Runzhou (now Jiangsu). I studied in Shi Ying when I was young. He used to be the viceroy of Xincheng, the viceroy of Dongyang, the secretariat of Fuzhou and the ambassador of Rong Guan. In his later years, he invited a Taoist priest. His poems mostly express seclusion and leisure, but women's trips to plow fields and wasteland ci also reflect the hardships of people's lives. On poetry, he advocates that "the poet's scenery, such as the sunny sky in Lantian, is rich in jade and produces smoke, and cannot be placed before it is imminent." His poetic styles are all involved. Dai Shulun anecdote Dai Shulun was a famous pastoral poet in the Tang Dynasty, who was quick-witted in his early years. Once, the teacher took him to the suburbs to play, and came to a place called Baidian, where he happened to meet a white cock standing on a high place and crowing. The teacher improvised the first couplet:

White chickens crow during the day;

Brother-in-law walked and thought, but he didn't come up with a proper sentence until the sun went down. Later, when they came to a place called Huangcun, they happened to meet a yellow dog running out of the gate and barking behind them. At this time, Dai Shulun had a brainwave and immediately made a bottom allied:

Dai Shulun (732-789), a famous poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, was born in a hermit family. Grandfather Dai Xiuyu and father Dai Yunyong have been hermits all their lives. When Dai Shulun was young, he studied under the famous scholar Shi Ying Jr. He read a lot of books, memorized them thoroughly, and was brilliant. "A hundred schools of thought contend and never forget anything." He is an outstanding student in Xiao's school. In the last years of Zai Yuan (756), in order to avoid Wang Bing's rebellion forever, 25-year-old Dai Shulun and his relatives fled to Poyang, Jiangxi Province by merchant ship. In a foreign land, his family was embarrassed, so he began to explore his own career. In the first year of Dali (766), Dai Shulun was appreciated by Ada, the salt and iron envoy of the Ministry of Commerce, and served under his door. Dali three years, recommended by Ada, was transferred to Hunan. Since then, he has served as governor of Fuzhou, secretariat of Fuzhou and secretariat of Rongzhou, Guangxi, and served in the imperial history. During his tenure, he had outstanding achievements and was an excellent local official. Zhenyuan five years (789) in April, resigned and retired. On June 13, he died in Qingyuan Gorge (now north of Chengdu, Sichuan) on his way home. In the second year, he was buried in the southern suburbs of the county outside the small south gate of Jintan. In the 46th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 18), Hans Zhong Zhang, the magistrate of Jintan, moved his cemetery to Gaopo in the southern suburbs (now in front of the south wall of Nanmen Flour Factory) to dredge the Caohe River in the city, and wrote the tombstone of "shi bo Night Terrace" by himself, which means "the tomb of great poets". Poetry Style Dai Shulun's poems are diverse: five words and seven words, five laws and seven methods, ancient poetry and modern poetry, all of which are excellent. The themes are also rich: some reflect the social reality in the war, some expose the dark and ugly world, some sympathize with the hardships of people's livelihood, some lament the journey away from sorrow, and some depict the pastoral scenery ... Among his many poems, the most valuable and meaningful ones should be those that reflect the social reality. For example, "Women Plow": "No one is better than plowing, chopping the ground with a knife and renovating the mud." "Sisters are bitter, but they don't see passers-by but see the soil." Write about the hardships of peasant women's labor; Song of Border Town: "Don't be a traveler in life, and don't keep the yellow sand dunes when traveling. In August, the yellow sand dunes fell, and the frost and wind cracked the skin, which made the grass decay. " Write about the hardships of soldiers far away from the border town; The word "wasteland reclamation" began to write: "Spring has come, plowing all over the sandy fields, and planting crops and wheat for all ages." Later, in the case of drought, locust plague and poor harvest, officials forced them to cut down trees in Nanshan and scramble to cultivate cattle, which also froze to death because of "frost and grass withered" The poet couldn't help feeling, "Who knows that after all the hardships, tears fell like rain." These poems not only describe the painful life of workers under feudal oppression and exploitation from the front, but also have a strong artistic effect with easy-to-understand language, delicate description and rich feelings. In addition, Dai Shulun left a well-known poem to later generations, such as "The sky is warm, the jade is abundant, and it is imminent", which has a great influence on the verve poets and soul poets after the Song and Ming Dynasties. Family About Dai Shulun's family, according to historical records, he has married two wives, the first is the daughter of Cai Wei, the secretariat of Yongzhou, and the second is the daughter of Cui Yin, an imperial envoy in the temple. I don't know how many children he has under his knee. I only know that when his stepwife died around 787 AD, she left a six-year-old daughter. At the age of 55, Dai Shulun lost his wife in his later years. He took the opportunity of his daughter's sixth birthday to write a seven-rhyme poem "Girl's Birthday". In this way, "I'll see you on the fifth day of today/I'm sad in my arms/I'm happy to leave my old job/I'm sad to laugh every spring/I want to teach sewing/I temporarily make Qin Yi/I have a suicide note from Cai's family/I may give it to an outsider" (I celebrated my fifth birthday for you again today/but I felt very confused when I held you in my arms. But I feel sad at the thought of being separated from your mother who just died./I want to teach you needlework, but you are too young to understand./I want you to learn piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, but I'm afraid you will lose the innocence of your child./My father left his daughter Cai Wenji as many books as Cai Yong./But I'm afraid it can only be passed on to outsiders. Three years after Dai Shulun wrote this poem, that is, when his youngest daughter was nine years old, she died. Judging from this poem, at least at that time, he only had one daughter. Dai Shulun is from Jiangsu/Jintan County. His grandfather Dai Xiuyu and his father Dai Yongyong have been hermits rather than officials all their lives. But in Dai Shulun's life, he and his brother Deborah began to be officials. His brother is not a big official, but a county magistrate. Xin, a scholar in Yuan Dynasty, called Dai Shulun a scholar in the 16th year of Zhenyuan (AD 805) in Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty, which was a big mistake. It is clearly recorded in the Epitaph written by Quan Deyu for Dai Shulun in the Tang Dynasty that Dai Shulun died in the fifth year of Zhenyuan (AD 789) and was 58 years old in the Spring and Autumn Period. Backward, it was born in 732 AD. Moreover, in 805 AD, Dai Shulun was dead 17 years, and there was no way to be a Jinshi. The new study room must have never seen this "epitaph" written by Quan Deyu for Dai Shulun, so I made a wild guess. Dai Shulun Jinshi, it is estimated that it should be around the second year of Zhide (AD 757), when he was 26 years old, and the "An/Shi Rebellion" had just subsided. Before the Anshi Rebellion subsided, Dai Shulun studied under the famous scholars at that time, and went to Poyang for several years to escape the Anshi Rebellion. At the age of thirty-two, Ada, the official minister and salt and iron transshipment, appreciated him very much, recommended Dai Shulun to the court as the minister of Do Zhengzhong, and called him to his own shogunate. The task of salt and iron transshipment is actually responsible for the national salt affairs and the transportation of money and grain. At that time, Ada was in charge of salt and iron transshipment in Hunan, and Dai Shulun was his right-hand man. On one occasion, Dai Shulun escorted Liang Qian through Yun 'an, Sichuan, just as the rebel Yang Zilin rebelled, hijacked Dai Shulun and threatened Dai Shulun: "Give me the money and I will save you from death." Our master Dai would rather die than surrender, saying that "the body can be killed/the money can't be taken away", so Yang Zilin had to let him go again. As a result, Dai Shulun was promoted to supervisor of eight products. At the age of 50, he was promoted to Dongyang county magistrate. During his tenure as county magistrate, he was awarded the post of Dali Temple due to his outstanding political achievements, which was from the sixth grade. At the age of 52, he was promoted to the official history of six products. Fifty-three-year-old, served as a four-pin Fuzhou secretariat, and became a full-fledged official in the same year, and was given a golden purple coat (The Book of the New Tang Dynasty says: If a hundred officials are rewarded with a fee/purple, they must also serve as a fish bag, named Zhang Yi. ), the founding baron of Qiaocheng County.

In Dai Shulun's poems, Gao Zhongwu said that his bones were a little soft since the Tang Dynasty, and Ji Xiaolan, Weng Fanggang, Joey and others in the Qing Dynasty also said that he was "not strong enough" or "soft-skinned". I don't think so, because you can't make a poem full of vagrancy, nor can you make it dazzling or sonorous. Boldness and wandering are originally a pair of contradictions, and both are the requirements of a jerk. What's more, Ji Xiaolan and Weng Fanggang are such temperaments and personalities-they are big officials who desperately want to join the WTO. What they wrote was "enterprising" and "struggling".

And Dai Shulun doesn't want to be brave. Even when he was in his early thirties, he was recommended by Ada to be the secretary of the province with the grade of ninth grade, and he also wrote the sad feelings of "savage unintentionally/pine". By the time he was promoted to suggestion, he was actually tired of his official career. Poems such as "Being famous has long been a disease, and I dare not embroider clothes" and "Being famous together with dreamland/learning Zen" can well show his indomitable mind. It is said that before he became an official, he was semi-secluded in Xiaotiantai Mountain, often interacting with outsiders, and even studying the Book of Changes, hoping to learn from immortals.

In fact, Dai Shulun has his own view of poetry. He once said: "The poet's sight, such as the warm Lantian and the rich jade, can't be placed in front of us. "Lantian County in Shaanxi Province is famous for its rich jade. However, before Meiyu was mined out of the mountain and processed, it looked like a broken stone at first glance. Naturally, you can't see the present. Instead of looking at a broken stone in front of us, we should look at its hazy light when it is irradiated by the hot sun in the mountains. To put it more clearly, this sentence actually means "poetry is expensive and hazy". Of course, this sentence may also have another point-the relationship between poets and poems, because the original meaning of the word "Lantian gives birth to jade" is "only Lantian can produce beautiful jade", in other words, only good poets can produce good poems; A good poet may not be able to paint you as a good friend or a good person. Once you get close to the poet, you may start to hate him. If he is found to have the problem of burping and farting again, his image as a beautiful poet in the past is likely to be completely destroyed. A few years ago, I went to Guizhou on business and visited the poet Zheng by the way of Guizhou Agricultural College. I was very impressed. But when I saw him, I heard that he smelled of Hu, and I was shocked. I never wanted to see his people and poems again.

It is estimated that Dai Shulun won't stink. Even if he stinks, he knows to stay away from people and leave a good impression. He asked people to read his poems far away, and he himself wrote them far away-

I am tired of seeing the five lakes every year and the five lakes in spring. If you are drunk for a long time, you will never be poor.

Mountains and rivers are lost in the Tao, and Elo is trapped in the dust. The ship is different today, and everyone is from the sea.

Dai Shulun's poems are as cool as eyebrows hanging over 60 thousand, and the more you look in the mirror. Peach blossoms rained in Lanxi for three days, and carp came to the beach at midnight. -Dai Shulun's "The Best of Lanxi" is the best of Lanxi in Tang Dynasty

Liu Wanmei hangs on the cool moon, and the Zhongshan mirror looks more.

Peach blossoms rained in Lanxi for three days, and carp came to the beach at midnight. In spring, write about scenery, mountains and rivers, place names and folk songs. On the Suxi Pavilion, the grass grows and the warblers fly. Who will stop by the east wind for twelve days? Swallows don't return to the Spring Festival Evening, and it's a misty rain and apricot blossoms. -Tang Dai Shulun's Su Ting Su Ting

The grass grows on the Suxi Pavilion. Who will stop on the east wind for twelve days?

Swallows don't return to the Spring Festival Evening, and it's a misty rain and apricot blossoms. In spring, the Han family is always full of signs and signs in my heart, but Hu Erma didn't send it back. If you want to serve your country, why should you be born in Yumenguan? -Tang Dai Shulun's "Stuffed Two Songs" is stuffed with two songs.

Han's family is all levying, so they won't send Hu Erma back.

If you want to serve your country, why should you be born in Yumenguan? Frontier patriotism: Read more about Dai Shulun's poems >>