Lu Xun said that "Historical Records" is "the swan song of historians" because Lu Xun thought that "Historical Records" collected an unprecedented number of historical materials and could scientifically classify and compile these historical materials. In particular, the compilation of Historical Records broke away from the simple listing of historical materials in previous historical books, but created rich historical images with vivid brushstrokes, specifically described the magnificent historical features, and creatively established the literary genre of biographies, thus forming the most outstanding realistic historical works in China history.
Lu Xun said that Historical Records is a poem without rhyme, which is a great achievement in literature. Specifically, Historical Records initiated novel biographical writing centered on portraying characters, which laid a solid foundation for the construction of China's biographical literature and made outstanding contributions to China's biographical writing.
Edited on 202 1-03-30.
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How does Lu Xun evaluate Historical Records?
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How does Lu Xun evaluate Historical Records?
"Historians never sing, Li Sao has no rhyme." Mr. Lu Xun commented on Historical Records because: firstly, its historical value. Historical Records is the first biographical general history of China and the first historical book in the twenty-four histories. There are 130 books: 12 biographies, 10 tables, 8 books, 30 aristocratic families and 70 biographies. This chronicle records the emperors' deeds from the Yellow Emperor to the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty by year. Tables are summaries of important current events and people, arranged in concise tables by year and country. The book describes the political, economic, astronomical, geographical and other deeds in the early Han Dynasty. Biography records the activities of upper-class bureaucrats, literati, celebrities and ordinary citizens in various periods. Biography, family and biographies are the main parts of the book, and this people-centered writing method of history books has also become a model followed by many historians. Secondly, among the ancient historical records, Historical Records is a biographical literary masterpiece with high literary advantages. It inherits the spirit of seeking truth from the Book of Songs and Lisao, inherits the excellent tradition of vivid and accurate prose language and concise narration in the pre-Qin period, lays a solid foundation for historical biography literature and sets a new milestone in the history of prose development. Sima Qian has a high language foundation, especially good at portraying characters and shaping various historical figures with typical significance. These characters, from the emperor to the common people, have their own sides, which are both common and individual, full of flesh and blood, giving readers a feeling of hearing their voices and seeing their people, thus vividly reappearing the history at that time. Sima Qian also paid great attention to the structure of the article, which made the vast picture scroll of social life unfold in a clear hierarchy, fascinating and artistic. At this time, the characters and their stories selected from the historical records are arranged in the order of the original works. These chapters are the essence of Historical Records, but they are far from all its essence. For example, the biographies of Gao Zu in Historical Records and some characters in the early Han Dynasty are full of wonderful pen and ink. However, considering the obvious overlap between Han Shu and Historical Records, it is convenient to reflect the integrity and coherence of the characters' stories in Han Shu. Finally, Historical Records was a history book that respected history at that time. Ban Gu, a historian of Han Dynasty, accused Sima Qian of being a "saint" in Historical Records, meaning that the historical view reflected in Historical Records often runs counter to feudal orthodox Confucianism. In fact, it is precisely because Sima Qian does not stick to the right and wrong of saints and respects historical facts very much that his brilliance in evaluating figures and judging historical events is beyond the reach of other feudal historians. For example, he fully affirmed Chen Sheng and Guangwu, the leaders of the first large-scale peasant uprising in China, and wrote Chen Sheng as a family. Another example is Xiang Yu. Although he died in the final defeat, he did not call himself emperor after the founding of the People's Republic of China. However, in the Qin and Han dynasties, there were about four or five years, and the actual status was equivalent to the emperor. Sima Qian did not talk about heroes by success or failure, but set out from the historical reality, and specially listed the Biography of Xiang Yu for him. As for other social strata, Sima Qian made a biography for those who stood up when the country was in danger, did not fear violence and dedicated themselves to safeguarding national dignity, although their social status was very low. Sima Qian did not dare to expose and attack the fatuity and tyranny of some rulers. Studying Historical Records not only made him understand history and truth; And brilliant literary talent is enough to benefit you for life. In your spare time, maybe you will open the historical records and slowly taste the true meaning of "the historian sings a swan song, leaving Sao without rhyme"